Albuquerque volcanic field

{{Short description|Volcanic field in the Albuquerque Basin in New Mexico, United States}} {{Use American English|date=February 2026}} right|thumb|300px|JA Volcano, as seen from its western flank, at Petroglyph National Monument in New Mexico right|thumb|300px|Black Volcano in Petroglyph National Monument, as seen from its south, at the trail head connecting it to JA volcano on January 14, 2009

The '''Albuquerque volcanic field''' is a monogenetic volcanic field in the Albuquerque Basin in New Mexico, United States. It is located about {{convert|7|mile|km|sp=us}} west of the city of Albuquerque, and is contained within the borders of Petroglyph National Monument.<ref name="NMBGMR">{{cite web |last1=Kelley |first1=Shari |title=Petroglyph National Monument |url=http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/tour/federal/monuments/petroglyphs/home.html#features |website=New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources |publisher=New Mexico Tech |accessdate=16 November 2020 |location=Regional Geologic Setting |date=14 October 2019}}</ref> The field was active from 190,000 to 155,000 years ago<ref name="Smith">{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=G.A. |last2=Florence |first2=P.S. |last3=Castounis |first3=A.D. |last4=Luongo |first4=M. |last5=Moore |first5=J.D. |last6=Throne |first6=J. |last7=Zelley |first7=K. |year=1999 |title=Basaltic near-vent facies of Vulcan Cone, Albuquerque volcanoes New Mexico |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook |volume=50 |pages=211–219 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/50/50_p0211_p0219.pdf |accessdate=16 November 2020}}</ref> and includes lava flows, cinder cones, and spatter cones.<ref name="NMBGMR"/> The oldest lava flows cover about {{convert|23|sqmi|km2|sp=us}}. The cones are aligned and possibly formed above two roughly north-south trending fissures.<ref name="kelley-kudo-1978-11-14">{{cite journal |last1=Kelley |first1=V.C. |last2=Kudo |first2=A.M. |title=Volcanoes and related basalts of Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico |journal=New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Circular |date=1978 |volume=156 |pages=11–14 |url=https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/monographs/circulars/downloads/156/Circular-156.pdf |accessdate=16 November 2020}}</ref> Vulcan (also called J Volcano) is the highest feature. Its base is made of cinder, but the crater contains a lava dome that was cut by an explosive eruption.<ref name="Smith"/>

==Notable vents== The field consists of six named volcanoes. From north to south, they are

*Butte Volcano, elevation {{convert|5886|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Feature Detail Report for: Butte Volcano |url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=138:3:::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:2791379,Butte%20Volcano |website=GNIS database |publisher=USGS |access-date=July 30, 2021}}</ref> *Bond Volcano, elevation {{convert|5879|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Feature Detail Report for: Bond Volcano |url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=138:3:::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:932917,Bond%20Volcano |website=GNIS database |publisher=USGS |access-date=July 30, 2021}}</ref> *Vulcan or J Volcano, elevation {{convert|6030|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Feature Detail Report for: Vulcan Volcano |url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=138:3:::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:933185,Vulcan%20Volcano |website=GNIS database |publisher=USGS |access-date=July 30, 2021}}</ref> *Cinder Volcano, elevation {{convert|5902|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Feature Detail Report for: Cinder |url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=138:3:::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:932845,Cinder |website=GNIS database |publisher=USGS |access-date=July 30, 2021}}</ref> *Black Volcano, elevation {{convert|5974|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Feature Detail Report for: Black Volcano |url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=138:3:::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:2791380,Black%20Volcano |website=GNIS database |publisher=USGS |access-date=July 30, 2021}}</ref> *JA Volcano, elevation {{convert|5948|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Feature Detail Report for: J A Volcano |url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=138:3:::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:933039,J%20A%20Volcano |website=GNIS database |publisher=USGS |access-date=July 30, 2021}}</ref>

Cinder Volcano has little topographical prominence and is not usually considered one of the main volcanoes. The cone was much higher in the past but was substantially eroded by mining activity, with the cinder material extracted for use in landscaping, cinder blocks, and railroad beds.<ref>{{cite web |last1=KellerLynn |first1=Katie |title=Petroglyph National Monument: Geologic Resources Inventory Report |url=http://npshistory.com/publications/petr/nrr-2017-1547.pdf |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=July 30, 2021 |page=31 |format=PDF |date=November 2017}}</ref>

The three closely spaced southern volcanoes, JA, Black, and Vulcan, are sometimes collectively referred to as the "Three Sisters". These three volcanoes are accessible by hiking trails and a parking area administered as part of Petroglyph National Monument.<ref>{{cite web |title=Petroglyph National Monument: The Volcanoes |url=https://www.nps.gov/petr/planyourvisit/volcanoes.htm |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=July 30, 2021}}</ref>

===Vulcan=== {{main|Vulcan (Inactive Volcano)}}

The largest of the cones in the Albuquerque volcanic field is Vulcan,<ref name="Wood">{{cite book | last = Wood | first = Charles A. |author2= Jűrgen Kienle | title = Volcanoes of North America | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1993 | pages = 302–303 | isbn = 0-521-43811-X}}</ref> named after the Roman god of fire. From a vantage point on top of the cone 200 feet above mesa, the alignment of the 5-mile-long chain of vents is particularly noticeable. Vulcan is a spatter cone, formed primarily by fire fountains that were active in the central vent and in smaller vents on flanks of the cone. (Spatter forms when blobs of lava are emitted from a vent, and cool as they fly through the air, and the partially molten blobs then land on the side of the cone to weld together to form a hard crust.) Fragmented cinder and spatter material and lava flows dip at angles as high as 55° away from the central vent on the eastern and southern side of the Vulcan. The spatter material is thickest on the southeastern side of Vulcan, indicating that it was blown by the wind toward the south and east during the fountaining events. A solidified lava pond that consists of a massive gray basalt with weakly developed columnar jointing occupies the crater of Vulcan. Radial, sinuous lava tubes 8 to 20 inches across and 300 feet long are preserved on the northeast and northwest flanks of Vulcan.{{sfn|Kelley|2019|loc=Geologic Features}}<ref name="Smith"/>

===Black Volcano=== {{main|Black Volcano}} Black Volcano is an inactive volcano near Albuquerque, New Mexico. Black Volcano is directly north of JA volcano. Black Volcano is the second of five volcanoes (traveling south to north) within the western boundary of Petroglyph National Monument. North of Black Volcano are Vulcan, Bond and Butte volcanoes. The date of its last eruption is unknown, but is believed to have been more than 150,000 years ago.

===JA Volcano=== {{main|JA volcano}} JA Volcano is an inactive volcano located near Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is the southernmost in the chain of five volcanoes within the western edge of Petroglyph National Monument.<ref name=Crumpler1999>{{cite journal |last1=Crumpler |first1=L.S. |year=1999 |title=Ascent and eruption at the Albuquerque volcanoes: a physical volcanology perspective |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook |volume=50 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/50/50_p0221_p0233.pdf |access-date=21 June 2023}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{cite gvp|name=Albuquerque|vn=327816|access-date=2021-06-28}}

Category:Volcanic fields of New Mexico Category:Landforms of Bernalillo County, New Mexico Category:Quaternary New Mexico Category:Monogenetic volcanic fields Category:Basin and Range Province Category:Pleistocene volcanism