Albert Neuberger

{{Short description|British biochemist (1908–1996)}} {{Use British English|date=July 2017}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Albert Neuberger | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Albert_Neuberger.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1908|4|15}} | birth_place = [[Hassfurt]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]], [[German Empire]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1996|8|14|1908|4|15}} | death_place = [[Hampstead]], London, England | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates =  | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | fields = | workplaces = [[University of Cambridge]] | alma_mater = [[University of Würzburg]] [[University College London]] | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = [[Charles Robert Harington]] | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = [[Frederick Sanger]] | notable_students = | known_for = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]<ref name="frs"/> | signature =  | signature_alt = | website =  | footnotes = | spouse = {{marriage|Lilian Ida Dreyfus|1943}} | children = [[David Neuberger, Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury|David Neuberger]] [[James Neuberger]] [[Anthony Neuberger]] [[Michael Neuberger]] Janet Neuberger }}

'''Albert Neuberger''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|fRS|FRCP}}<ref name = "ODNB">{{Cite ODNB | author = Sharon, Nathan| title = Neuberger, Albert (1908–1996), biochemist| doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/61494 | year = 2004 }}</ref><ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Allen | first1 = A. K. | last2 = Muir | first2 = H. M. | authorlink2 = Helen Muir| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2001.0021 | doi-access = free| title = Albert Neuberger. 15 April 1908 -- 14 August 1996: Elected F.R.S. 1951 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 47 | pages = 369–382 | year = 2001 | pmid = 15124648| s2cid = 72943723 }}</ref> (15 April 1908 – 14 August 1996)<ref name = "ODNB"/> was a British Professor of Chemical [[Pathology]], [[St Mary's Hospital, London|St Mary's Hospital]], 1955–1973, and later [[emeritus professor]].<ref name="ObituaryinGlycobiology">{{Cite journal | last1 = Sharon | first1 = N. | last2 = Barzu | first2 = T. | last3 = Herault | first3 = J. P. | last4 = Herbert | first4 = J. M. | title = Obituary | doi = 10.1093/glycob/7.3.323-b | journal = Glycobiology | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 323–327 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9147040| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sharon | first1 = N. | title = Albert Neuberger (1908-96): Founder of modern glycoprotein research | journal = Glycobiology | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = x–xiii | year = 1997 | pmid = 9147039 | doi = 10.1093/glycob/7.3.323-c | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sharon | first1 = N. | title = Albert Neuberger (1908-96): Founder of modern glycoprotein research | journal = Glycoconjugate Journal | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 155–158 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9111132 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Allen | first1 = A. K. | last2 = Palmer | first2 = T. N. | title = Glycoproteins: A tribute to Albert Neuberger | journal = Biochemical Society Transactions | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 781–782 | year = 1979 | pmid = 383551 | doi=10.1042/bst0070781 }}</ref>

==Education in Germany== Born in [[Haßfurt|Hassfurt]], northern [[Bavaria]], the first of the three children of Max (Meir) Neuberger (1877–1931), cloth merchant and businessman, and Bertha, née Hiller (1888–1974), both religious Jews.<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, OUP 2004, {{ISBN|0-19-861411-X}}</ref> He studied medicine at the [[University of Würzburg]] where he was awarded a ''[[summa cum laude]]'' medical degree.<ref name="Marshall">{{cite web|title = Transcript of Prof. Albert Neuberger in conversation with Prof. Robin Marshall and Dr. George Tait, December 1989, with link to download option via Athens login. Covers his entire life in some detail including time in Berlin and early experience of London|url = http://www.filmandsound.ac.uk/collections/records/0028-0000-2668-0000-0-0000-0000-0.html|accessdate = 22 May 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090515164155/http://www.filmandsound.ac.uk/collections/records/0028-0000-2668-0000-0-0000-0000-0.html|archive-date = 15 May 2009|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref> He also took courses in chemistry there and also attended lectures given by [[Bonhoeffer family|Karl Bonhöffer]], the outstanding psychiatrist and neurologist. He also worked for a while in research in [[Berlin]] where he began a lifelong friendship with [[Ernst Chain]]. Chain shared the 1945 Nobel prize with [[Alexander Fleming]] and [[Howard Florey]] for their work on [[penicillin]].

==Education and career in England== Neuberger foresaw [[Hitler]]'s persecution of the Jews after he came to power in 1933, and, as with numerous other Jewish intellectuals (including [[Ernst Chain|Chain]]), he fled to London. He received a PhD from the [[University College London]] (UCL) after attending UCL Medical School under [[Charles Robert Harington|Professor Sir Charles Robert Harington]]<ref name ="Marshall"/> FRS in 1936 and continued research there. At the start of the Second World War he moved to the Department of [[Biochemistry]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] where he took on [[Fred Sanger]] as his PhD student. They published a paper together on the nitrogen content of potatoes.<ref>{{citation| last1=Neuberger | first1=A. | last2=Sanger | first2=F. | year=1942 | title=The nitrogen of the potato | journal=Biochemical Journal | volume=36 | issue=7–9 | pages=662–671 | pmid=16747571 | pmc=1266851 | doi=10.1042/bj0360662}}.</ref> In 1942 he moved back to London to work at the [[National Institute for Medical Research]]. During the war, he spent some time in India as a consultant in nutrition to the army. From 1950 to 1955 he was Head of Biochemistry at the National Institute for Medical Research. He then moved to St Mary's Hospital as Professor.

He was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] in 1951,<ref name="frs"/> as was his son, [[Michael Neuberger]], in 1993—a rare case of both father and son being [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]. He was appointed a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] in 1964. He was also a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians]] and the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]]. Other awards include the Heberden medal of the [[Royal Society of Medicine]] (1959), the Frederick Gowland Hopkins medal of the [[Biochemical Society]] (1960) and of which he was elected an honorary member (1973). He was also a foreign honorary member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (1972). He received honorary doctorates from the [[University of Aberdeen]] (1967), the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] (1968), and the [[University of Hull]] (1981).<ref name = "ODNB"/>

He married Lilian Ida Dreyfus in 1943 and was the father of (1) [[James Neuberger]], (2) [[David Neuberger, Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury]], (3) [[Anthony Neuberger]],<ref>{{cite web|title=University of Warwick Business school, faculty members. |url=http://www.wbs.ac.uk/faculty/members/anthony/neuberger |accessdate=13 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003122810/http://www.wbs.ac.uk/faculty/members/anthony/neuberger |archivedate=3 October 2008 }}</ref> Professor of Finance, [[University of Warwick]], (4) [[Michael Neuberger]] and (5) Janet Neuberger. He was also the brother of Rabbi [[Herman Neuberger]].

==See also== *[[The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine]]

==References== {{Reflist|30em}} {{FRS 1951}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neuberger, Albert}} [[Category:1908 births]] [[Category:1996 deaths]] [[Category:British Ashkenazi Jews]] [[Category:People from Haßfurt]] [[Category:Medical doctors from Würzburg]] [[Category:Scientists from the Kingdom of Bavaria]] [[Category:Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:University of Würzburg alumni]] [[Category:Alumni of University College London]] [[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]] [[Category:National Institute for Medical Research faculty]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians]] [[Category:British chemists]] [[Category:20th-century British biochemists]] [[Category:Jewish British scientists]] [[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Category:20th-century British medical doctors]] [[Category:Neuberger family|Albert]] [[Category:Physicians of St Mary's Hospital, London]] [[Category:British fellows of the Royal Society]]