Albert C. Ledner

{{short description|American architect}} {{Infobox architect | name = Albert C. Ledner | image = | image_size =  | alt = | caption = | birth_name =  | birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|01|28}} | birth_place = Bronx, New York | death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|11|14|1924|01|28}} | death_place = Manchester, New Hampshire | other_names = | alma_mater = Tulane University | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | awards = | practice = | significant_buildings = | significant_projects = National Maritime Union | significant_design = Organic modernism | signature = | website =  | embedded =  }} '''Albert Charles Ledner''' (January 28, 1924 – November 14, 2017) was an American architect, known for his organic and modernist style of architecture. Among his designs are three buildings for the National Maritime Union, located in New York City, originally commissioned in 1958 and built between 1964 and 1968. He also designed approximately 40 homes in the New Orleans metropolitan area and various other projects for the National Maritime Union.<ref name="Langenhennig">{{cite news |last1=Langenhennig |first1=Susan |title=Architect Albert Ledner's Star-Shaped New Orleans Home Hits the Market for $829,500 |url=https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/article_d6c41134-e52f-5444-a2cd-2027cebb3d63.html |accessdate=4 November 2019 |agency=New Orleans Times-Picayune |date=March 6, 2018}}</ref>

==Personal life and education== Ledner was born in Bronx, New York, and moved to New Orleans, Louisiana as a child. His maternal grandparents were from Hungary, and his mother was noted pastry chef Beulah Levy Ledner.<ref name="Langenhennig" /> Following his graduation from the New Orleans Public School System, Ledner enrolled in the Tulane University School of Architecture. He left college in his second year to volunteer for the United States Army Air Corps in World War II, where he served as a navigator with the rank of second lieutenant. While stationed at Davis-Monthan Field near Tucson, Arizona, Ledner used his leave time during his military career to visit Taliesin West, which was one of the schools run by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Shortly after his military career, Ledner earned his architectural degree at Tulane University graduating in 1948. He then supplemented his architectural education with studies at Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin Spring Green School.{{efn|Ledner and Leonard Spangenberg were the two Wright-trained architects in New Orleans.}}<ref name="Langenhennig Legacy">{{cite news |last1=Langenhennig |first1=Susan |title=Albert Ledner's Legacy: New Orleans Architect Peppered the Country with Modernist Marvels |url=https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/article_5a2b7137-072f-50c0-854a-d9db1220c173.html |accessdate=6 November 2019 |agency=New Orleans Times-Picayune |date=August 24, 2017}}</ref>

Following completion of his formal education, Ledner married Judy, who was a stage actress, with whom he subsequently had three children. His daughter [https://www.catherineledner.com/ Catherine Ledner] became a noted photographer.<ref name="Lind" />

==Architectural career== {{external media | width = 250px | float = right | title = External images | topic = Images of the Albert C. Ledner | image1 = [https://flickr.com/photos/xxno/3174597912/in/photolist-5QwDmL-4xy6qw-5QwDuq-4xtU7H-5QwDB9-5QwDpq-5QsmV6-5QwDwQ-4xtSik-4CnouA-4yeYn1-4xy61E-4xy5AN-2h8kbog-PM637L-PM63b3-PM63dh-zg37xq-4AAGpY-5UjhPT-Ad4CV8-5UjhZe-4CthUW-4xtSSX-4xtTPZ-4yeXM9-4wv3zv-4yeY8w-4yaJb8-4yaJxv-4yeXSE-4yeY2Q-4xtUsc-4xtVCx-4xy89f-4xtUSv-4xtW6t-5sej7m-4wv3ri-4wv3ve-4xtWna-9dnXk1-5s9YSD-5UjhRP-4AxdaY-4At1bk-5UjhTc-4AsXvt-4yaKGV-5UjhUR Ledner at the Galatoire residence in New Orleans], image from Flickr | image2 = [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/21/obituaries/albert-ledner-architect-with-a-quirky-sense-dies-at-93.html Ledner in his inventor's workshop in 2013], from the New York Times}} Ledner started his independent architectural career in 1951, spending most of his professional career in New Orleans. Through his career as an architect, he followed the "design-build" approach in which the architect remains involved during the construction phase of the project. In this approach, Ledner devised uncommon approaches to structure and uses of construction materials. By remaining involved in the construction phase of the project, he further could revise details in ways not possible in conventional approaches in which the architect is minimally involved in the construction phase of a project. At times, his designs were characterized as quirky while also functional and expressive.<ref name="Docomomo">{{cite web |title=Curran / O'Toole Building |url=http://www.docomomo-nytri.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Backgrounder_CurranOToole.pdf |website=docomomo-nytri.org |publisher=DOCOMOMO US/New York Tri-State |accessdate=14 November 2019}}</ref> Through this approach to architecture, Ledner developed architectural styles that were uniquely his and distinct from his mentor Frank Lloyd Wright.<ref name="Dixon">{{cite web |last1=Dixon |first1=John Morris |title=Remembering Albert C. Ledner, pioneering New Orleans modernist |url=https://archpaper.com/2017/11/remembering-albert-ledner-new-orleans-modernist/#gallery-0-slide-0 |website=archpaper.com |publisher=The Architect's Newspaper, LLC |accessdate=12 November 2019}}</ref>

===National Maritime Union projects=== In 1954, Ledner designed and built the National Maritime Union building in New Orleans. The success of the New Orleans project led to his being hired for the much larger National Maritime Union project in New York City.<ref name="Legacy">{{cite web |title=Albert Charles Ledner 1924-2017 |url=https://obits.nola.com/obituaries/nola/obituary.aspx?n=albert-charles-ledner&pid=187310418 |website=legacy.com |accessdate=11 November 2019}}</ref> In 1957, he designed and built his own home at 5328 Bellaire Drive in the Lakewood South neighborhood of New Orleans.<ref name="Legacy" /> He lived in this home with his wife and children until the time of his death. The home flooded in 2005 as a result of Hurricane Katrina and was subsequently restored.<ref name="Lind">{{cite news |last1=Lind |first1=Angus |title=His Structured Life: Architect Albert Ledner's Story is Icing on the Doberge Cake |agency=New Orleans Times-Picayune |date=November 9, 2008}}</ref>

The success of the National Maritime Union building in New Orleans led to Ledner's commission in 1958 to design the headquarters for the National Maritime Union building in New York City. The National Maritime Union was flourishing at the time and had need for a headquarters that included offices, hiring halls, residences and training centers for the union members. The first of these buildings was the headquarters of the National Maritime Union located at Seventh Avenue between 12th and 13th Streets. This six-story building was built on two glass block cylinders. It has walls with overhangs and windows suggestive of portholes, intended to be fitting for a hiring hall of maritime sailors.<ref name="NYT Gray">{{cite news |last1=Gray |first1=Christopher |title=An Architect's Flotilla of West Side Buildings |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/25/realestate/25scap.html |accessdate=14 November 2019 |agency=The New York Times |date=November 25, 2007}}</ref>

The second building in Ledner's New York City National Maritime Union project was an annex at 346 West 17th Street, consisting of an eleven-story building with 100 porthole windows on a sloping wall. The last of this project was an annex on Ninth Avenue between 16th and 17th Streets said to look like a pizza box with porthole windows. With the decline of the maritime trade unions by the early 1970s, the union sold these buildings and were subsequently converted to alternative uses.<ref name="NYT Gray" />

Ledner designed buildings for similar purposes in Mobile, Alabama; Baltimore, Maryland; Houston, Texas; Galveston, Texas; Norfolk, Virginia; and San Francisco, California. He also designed a building for the 1964 World's Fair in New York City.<ref name="Curbed">{{cite web |last1=Chaban |first1=Matt A. V. |title=Meet Albert Ledner, Midcentury Mastermind and Frank Lloyd Wright Acolyte |url=https://www.curbed.com/2016/12/14/13942752/albert-ledner-architect-documentary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215123131/http://www.curbed.com/2016/12/14/13942752/albert-ledner-architect-documentary |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 15, 2016 |website=curbed.com |date=14 December 2016 |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=14 November 2019}}</ref>

===Residential projects=== The Kleinschmidt Residence in the Lake Vista neighborhood of New Orleans was Ledner's 1951 project built in a mid-century modern style. This home included clerestory windows with a floor plan providing a light and airy feel. Ledner fabricated light fixtures made of Schlitz beer as another distinguishing feature of the home.<ref name="Murret">{{cite news |last1=Murret |first1=Patricia M. |title=A 1951 Home Designed by Modernist Architect Albert Ledner Still Shines in Lake Vista |url=https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/article_8a5c07f8-4752-5b55-82c0-53b8cc9c366c.html |accessdate=16 November 2019 |agency=New Orleans Times-Picayune |date=August 27, 2014}}</ref>

Another of Ledner's early residential projects was the Cointreau House, also in the Park Island neighborhood of New Orleans. This house included skylights and light fixtures fabricated from Cointreau liqueur bottles. This home was featured in the June 1953 issue of House Beautiful magazine.<ref name="Langenhennig 2014">{{cite news |last1=Langenhennig |first1=Susan |title=See More of Modernist Architect Albert Ledner's Work |url=https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/article_5edeab0a-7794-5780-bbe4-b0cf3021a66f.html |accessdate=16 November 2019 |agency=New Orleans Times-Picayune}}</ref>

In 1961, Ledner designed and built a residence on Park Island in New Orleans that came to be known as the "Sunkel House" or the "Ashtray House". A distinguishing feature of this home is its use of 1200 amber-colored glass ashtrays as dentils in its exterior. The name "Sunkel House" came from the original owners of the home, the Sunkel family, who were Ledner's clients. The home was for a time owned by New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin. Also, on Park Island in New Orleans, Ledner designed and built the "Galatoire House", which made use of the client's extensive collection of antique architectural fixtures, especially stained glass that was obtained from a 19th-century convent. The design involved placing the stained glass in irregular orientations, linked together to form a wall.<ref name="Langenhennig Legacy" />

Other Ledner residential designs included the Goldate House and the Leonard House, both in New Orleans.<ref name="Curbed" />

=== Legacy === In addition to architectural projects, Ledner designed and built household and office equipment such as light fixtures, tables, and artwork. He also designed various machines for which he obtained three patents.<ref name="Legacy" /> An example of his patented inventions is an emergency descent device to aid people in escaping from tall buildings.<ref>A. Ledner, [https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/cf/30/cb/e688e4d8d16082/US3826341.pdf US3826341A], September 11, 1973.</ref>

In 2016, filmmaker Roy Beeson, in collaboration with Ledner's daughter Catherine Ledner, produced a documentary film about Ledner entitled "Designing for Life: The Modernist Architecture of Albert C. Ledner". In early November 2017 at the age of 93, Ledner gave a presentation of his work and attended a preview of the film at the New York City Architecture and Design Film Festival. Shortly thereafter, he became ill and died in Manchester, New Hampshire on November 14, 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/11/21/obituaries/albert-ledner-architect-with-a-quirky-sense-dies-at-93.html |title=Albert Ledner, Architect With a Quirky Sense, Dies at 93 |work=The New York Times |date=November 21, 2017 |access-date=November 21, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Dixon" />

==Principal architectural works==

* First Unitarian Universalist Church, 1800 Jefferson Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana (completed 1957; extant, but as of 2017 a residence). * National Maritime Union office building, 2731 Tchoupitoulas Street, New Orleans, Louisiana (1954). * National Maritime Union Headquarters, Joseph Curran Building, 36 Seventh Avenue between W 12th and W 13th Streets, New York City (completed in 1964). * National Maritime Union, Curran Annex, 355 W 16th Street between Eighth and Ninth Avenues, New York City (completed in 1966;<ref>NYC Temporary Certificate of Occupancy No. 63141, May 25, 1966.</ref> altered in 2007 for use as Dream Hotel). * National Maritime Union, Curran Plaza, 363 West 16th Street at 9th Avenue, New York City (completed in 1968).

==Gallery== <gallery widths="175px" heights="175px"> File:StVincents.jpg|National Maritime Union Headquarters, New York City (completed in 1964) File:Maritime Hotel from south 2011.jpg|National Maritime Union, Curran Plaza, New York City (completed in 1968; converted in 2003 to Maritime Hotel) File:National Maritime Union Building in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.jpg|National Maritime Union Building in New Orleans (completed in 1954; houses small businesses as of 2019) File:Jefferson Avenue New Orleans Unitarian.JPG|Unitarian Church on Jefferson Avenue in New Orleans (completed in 1958; converted to a residence following relocation of the church) </gallery>

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== *[https://vimeo.com/226147273 Trailer for documentary film], "Designing for Life: The Modernist Architecture of Albert C. Ledner". *[https://archpaper.com/2017/11/remembering-albert-ledner-new-orleans-modernist/#gallery-0-slide-0 Photographs of Ledner at various stages of his life and photographs of various Ledner projects] while they were under construction can be seen on-line. *Tulane University maintains [https://exhibits.tulane.edu/exhibit/ledner_seaa/ledner_national_maritime_union/the-national-maritime-union-of-america-office-building-for-national-maritime-union-of-america-c-i-o-tchoupitoulas-street-and-washington-avenue-new-orleans-la/ a set of on-line exhibits on Ledner's work]. {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ledner Albert}} Category:1924 births Category:2017 deaths Category:20th-century American architects Category:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent Category:Tulane School of Architecture alumni Category:Architects from New Orleans Category:Architects from New York City Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II Category:United States Army Air Forces officers