{{lowercase title}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Infobox settlement | name = al-Nahr | native_name = النهر | native_name_lang = ar | other_name = an-Nahr | settlement_type = <!-- images, nickname, motto --> | image_caption = Skyline of al-Nahr, 1949 | etymology = In 1881, the place was named ''Kahweh'', meaning "the coffee shop"<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/43/mode/1up 43]</ref> <!-- maps and coordinates --> | pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Mandatory Palestine | image_map = {{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225|name=al-Nahr}} | map_caption = A series of historical maps of the area around Al-Nahr (click the buttons) | pushpin_mapsize = 200 | coordinates = {{coord|33|00|26|N|35|08|29|E|type:city_region:PS|display=inline,title}} | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 163/268 <!-- location --> | subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity | subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name1 = Acre <!-- established --> | established_title1 = Date of depopulation | established_date1 = 21 May 1948<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR17 xvii], village #82</ref> | established_title2 = Repopulated dates <!-- area --> | area_footnotes = <ref name=Hadawi41/> | unit_pref = dunam | area_total_dunam = 5,261 <!-- population --> | population_as_of = 1945 | population_total = 610<ref name=1945p4>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p04.jpg 4]</ref><ref name=Hadawi41>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Acre/Page-041.jpg 41]</ref> <!-- blank fields (section 1) --> | blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation | blank_info_sec1 = Military assault by Yishuv forces | blank3_name_sec1 = Current Localities | blank3_info_sec1 = Ben Ami,<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR21 xxi] village 52</ref><ref name=Khalidi28b>Khalidi, 1992, p. 28</ref> Kabri<ref name=Khalidi28b/> }}
'''al-Nahr''' ({{langx|ar|النهر}}), was a Palestinian village {{cvt|14|km}} northeast of Acre. It was depopulated in May 1948 after a military assault carried out by the Carmeli Brigade as part of the Israel Defense Forces's Operation Ben-Ami. Immediately after the assault, the village of al-Nahr was razed.<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA253 253]</ref><ref name=Benvenisti138>Benvenisti, 2000, pp. [https://archive.org/details/sacredlandscapeb00benvrich/page/138 138-139]</ref>
==History== The twin villages of al-Nahr and nearby al-Tall were both sites of ancient settlements atop the tel of Kabri. Recent excavations indicate habitation back to the sixth millennium BC.<ref name="vol. 3">Stern, Lewinson-Gilboa and Avriam, 1993, pp. 839–841</ref>
===Ottoman era=== [[File:AcreNE1799.jpg|thumb|right|Named ''El Qahweh'' in Pierre Jacotin's map from 1799]]
In the Ottoman period, the village appeared under the name of ''El Qahweh'' in Pierre Jacotin´s map from 1799.<ref>Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 160] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182028/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |date=2017-12-01 }}</ref> In 1875, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he called ''El Kahoueh''. He found it to have 120 inhabitants, all Muslims.<ref>Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n47/mode/1up 31]</ref>
In 1881 the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described the village, then named ''El Kahweh'', as a "stone village, containing about 250 Moslems, [] situated on the plain, surrounded by figs, olives, mulberries, and pomegranates; there is a spring and flowing stream at this village."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/146/mode/1up 146]</ref>
A population list from about 1887 showed that ''el Kahweh'' had 370 inhabitant; all Muslims.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n198/mode/1up 173]</ref>
===British Mandate era=== In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Al Nahr wa Tal had a population of 422; 3 Bahai, the rest Muslim.<ref name=Barron36>Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n38/mode/1up 36]</ref> In the 1931 census, Al-Nahr had 522 Muslim inhabitants, in a total of 120 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 102]</ref>
In villagers of Al-Nahr lived principally of agriculture and animal husbandry.<ref name=Khalidi28/> In the 1945 statistics it had a population of 610 Muslims,<ref name=1945p4/> with 5,261 dunams of land.<ref name=Hadawi41/> A total of 2,066 dunums was used for citrus and bananas, 1,094 dunums were allotted to cereals, 1,937 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, of which 30 dunums were planted in olive trees,<ref name=1945p4/><ref name=Khalidi28>Khalidi, 1992, pp. 27-28</ref><ref name=Hadawi81>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Acre/Page-081.jpg 81]</ref> while 28 dunams were built-up land.<ref name=1945p4/><ref name=Hadawi131>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Acre/Page-131.jpg 131]</ref>
====1948 war==== {{see also|al-Kabri massacre}} On March 27, 1948, hundreds of armed villagers and units of the Arab Liberation Army attacked a Jewish convoy near Kabri, killing forty-nine Jews. Six Arabs were also killed in the battle. Two months later the commander of Operation Ben-Ami gave operational orders given that day were to "attack with the aim of capturing, the villages of Kabri, Umm al Faraj and Al-Nahr, to kill the men [and] to destroy and set fire to the villages."<ref name=Benvenisti138/><ref>Morris, 2004, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA253 253], [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA347 347]</ref> Benvenisti states that "the orders were carried out to the letter", while Morris writes that a number of villagers were apparently executed.<ref name=Benvenisti138/><ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA254 254]</ref>
===Israeli period=== Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel. The kibbutz of Kabri was founded the following year and uses land that had belonged to al-Nahr.<ref name=Khalidi28/> The moshav Ben Ami, named after the fallen commander of an attack on nearby Nahariyya, was also established on the village's land.<ref name=Khalidi28/> In 1992, the village site was described as "Only two houses remain, and one of them is partially destroyed. A tall date-palm tree grows on the village site, which is overgrown by wild grasses, a few cactuses, and fig trees. The cemetery, on the western side of the village contains one identifiable grave. The nearby Fawwara spring has been fenced in and declared private property."<ref name=Khalidi28/>
==See also== *Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel
==References== {{Reflist|25em}}
==Bibliography== {{Refbegin}} *{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title =Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 | url =https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher =Government of Palestine | year =1923 }} *{{cite book |title=Sacred landscape: the buried history of the Holy Land since 1948 |first=M. |last=Benveniśtî |author-link=Meron Benvenisti |year=2000 |publisher=University of California Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7itq6zYtSJwC |isbn=978-0-520-23422-2 }} *{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=1}} *{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945|url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}} *{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher=L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} *{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|access-date=2013-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=2018-12-08|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal | author = Karmon, Y. | title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine | url = http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf | journal = Israel Exploration Journal | volume = 10 | issue = 3,4 | year = 1960 | pages = 155–173; 244–253 | access-date = 2015-03-23 | archive-date = 2017-12-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182028/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf | url-status = dead }} *{{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ|first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|isbn=0-88728-224-5}} *{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas | url = https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932 }} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=B. |last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited |isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }} *Morris, B., (second edition 2004 third printing 2006) The Birth Of The Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|0-521-00967-7}} *{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}} *{{cite journal | last = Schumacher | first = G. | author-link = Gottlieb Schumacher | title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale/page/169 169]–191 | url = https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888 }} *{{cite book | title=The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmZkrgEACAAJ | publisher=Israel Exploration Society & Carta, Simon and Schuster | author1=Stern, E. | author-link1=Ephraim Stern | author2=Lewinson-Gilboa, A. | author3=Avriam, J. | year=1993 | location=Jerusalem | pages=839–841 | isbn=0-13-276312-5 | volume=3 }} {{Refend}}
==External links== *[http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/al-Nahr/index.html Welcome to al-Nahr] *[http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/49311 al-Nahr], Zochrot *Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8366 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.03.jpg Wikimedia commons] *[http://www.wrmea.com/archives/May-June_2008/0805028.html Hussein Mubaraki: Because They Wanted the Land], WREMEA, May–June 2008 {{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nahr, Al-}} Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Category:District of Acre Category:1948 disestablishments in Mandatory Palestine