{{Infobox Muslim scholar | name = Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Tamartāshī | native_name = محمد بن عبد الله التمرتاشي | religion = Islam | jurisprudence = Hanafi | creed = Maturidi | birth_date = 939 AH / 1532 CE | birth_place = Gaza | death_date = 1004 AH / 1598 CE | death_place = Gaza }}
'''Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad Shams al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb al-Tamartāshī''' (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الله التمرتاشي; 939–1004 AH / 1532–1598 CE) was a [[Hanafi]] jurist, legal theorist, and Islamic scholar from [[Gaza City|Gaza]], where he was born and lived most of his life.<ref name=Islahi/> Commonly referred to as '''al-Tamartāshī al-Ghazzī''',<ref>Meharban, D. M. (2016). The Life And Literarily Work Of Imam Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al Tamurtashi Al Ghazi: الإمام محمد بن عبد الله الخطيب التمرتاشي الغزي صاحب تنوير الأبصار حياته وأعماله. The Islamic Culture "As-Saqafat-Ul Islamia" الثقافة الإسلامية - Research Journal - Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Karachi, (35), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.46568/tis.v0i35.251</ref> he also travelled periodically, pursuing his academic studies in Syrian and Egyptian cities, like [[Aleppo]], [[Hamah]], [[Damascus]] and [[Cairo]]. <ref name=Islahi>{{citation|url=https://distantreader.org/stacks/journals/ajiss/ajiss-411.pdf|title=The Monetary Thought of Two Sixteenth-Century Muslim Scholars |first=Abdul Azim|last=Islahi}}</ref>
Regarded by later biographers as one of the leading Hanafi authorities of [[Ottoman Palestine]] in the 16th century, he is best known for his jurisprudential work ''[[Al-Durr al-Mukhtar]]'', which became a foundational text within the later Hanafi legal tradition.<ref name="ArabEncy">{{cite web |title = التمرتاشي (محمد بن عبد الله-) |website = الموسوعة العربية |url = https://arab-ency.com.sy/ency/details/3233/6 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240917121824/https://arab-ency.com.sy/ency/details/3233/6 |archive-date = 17 September 2024 |access-date = 15 November 2024 |language = ar }}</ref> Al-Tamartāshī died in Gaza in 1004 AH (1596 CE) at the age of sixty-five.<ref name="ArabEncy"/>
== Life and career == Al-Tamartāshī was a legal scholar, teacher, and [[mufti]] from an early age, having served as a mufti in Gaza during his youth. He travelled for study and scholarly exchange, visiting [[Cairo]] on four occasions and travelling throughout the cities of [[Syria (region)|the region of Syria]]. He studied under leading scholars of his time, including Hanafi jurist [[Zayn al-Din Ibn Nujaym]] in Cairo, who became his principal teacher. He also studied with [[Al-Ghazzi|Shams al-Dīn Ibn al-Mashriqī al-Ghazzī]], the Shafiʿi mufti of Gaza, and with other prominent scholars in Egypt and Syria.<ref name="ArabEncy"/>
Later biographers describe him as eloquent in speech and writing, accomplished in poetry, and skilled in scholarly disputation across multiple disciplines.<ref name="ArabEncy"/>
== Scholarship == Al-Tamartāshī was trained in jurisprudence, legal theory (''uṣūl al-fiqh''), theology (''kalām''), and [[Arabic grammar]]. He is described as adhering to the Hanafi school without sectarian rigidity and as presenting differing juristic opinions with objectivity and careful analysis.
According to the ''Syrian Arab Encyclopedia'' and [[Khair al-Din al-Zirikli]], al-Tamartāshī authored numerous works in jurisprudence, legal theory, theology, grammar, and devotional literature.<ref name="ArabEncy"/><ref>{{cite book |last = al-Zirikli |first = Khair al-Din |title = al-Aʿlām |volume = 6 |page = 239 |language = ar }}</ref> He was a prolific author, composing some 40 works, but several of them were not completed.<ref name=Islahi/>
''[[Al-Durr al-Mukhtar]]'' became al-Tamartāshī's most influential work and was widely commented upon. Later Hanafi scholars who wrote glosses or commentaries on it include [[ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Ḥaṣkafī]] and [[Khayr al-Din al-Ramli]].<ref name="ArabEncy"/>
A copy of ''Fatawa al-Tumurtashi'', a collection of [[fatwas]] authored by al-Tamartashi, was made in [[Homs]], Syria in 1696 (1107 [[AH]]), and is held in the Egyptian Collection as Manuscript 67. It includes his work ''Kitab al-Taharah'' ("The book on ritual purity) as well as a section entitled ''Fasl min Masa’il Mutafarriqat'' ("On miscellaneous issues").<ref name=UCLA>{{citation|title=Collections: Glimpses of Islamic manuscript culture in Palestine|first=Sohaib|last=Baig|date=2024-11-07|url=https://www.library.ucla.edu/about/news/glimpses-of-islamic-manuscript-culture-in-palestine}}</ref> In the work he mentions Gaza with its honorific "Ghazzat [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hashim]]", referencing the great-grandfather of the prophet [[Muhammad]].<ref name=UCLA/>
Other works he authored include:<ref name="ArabEncy"/> * ''Tanwīr al-Abṣār wa-Jāmiʿ al-Biḥār'', Hanafi jurisprudence * ''al-Fatāwā'', a two-volume collection of legal opinions, arranged according to ''al-Hidāyah'' * ''Muʿīn al-Muftī ʿalā Jawāb al-Mustaftī'', guidance for jurists and muftis<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.theislamicculture.com/index.php/tis/article/view/690|title=The book "Muayyin-ul-mufti Fi Jawab-il-Mustafti", its importance, writing methodology and the attributes of handwritten manuscript of the book|volume=43|issue=1|year=2020|journal=AS-SAQAFAT-UL-ISLAMIA (THE ISLAMIC CULTURE|first=M.|last=Meharban Barvi)}}</ref> * ''Iʿānat al-Ḥaqīr li-Zād al-Faqīr'', commentary on the work of [[Ibn al-Humam]] * ''Mawāhib al-Mannān'', jurisprudence * ''al-Aqrān'', a juridical poem, with its commentary ''Mawāhib al-Raḥmān'' * ''al-Wuṣūl ilā Qawāʿid al-Uṣūl'', legal theory * ''ʿAqd al-Jawāhir al-Nayyirāt fī Bayān Khaṣāʾiṣ al-ʿAsharah al-Thiqāt al-Mubashsharīn bi-l-Jannah'' * ''Kitab al Ghasb'' ("Book of violation")<ref>{{citation|last1=Hammadi|first1=J. I.|last2=Abdel-Ami|first2=M. S. E.-D.|year=2020|title=A Study of the “Kitab Al-Ghasb” (Book of Violation) from Imam Shams al-Din Muhammad al- Tamartashi’s Moein Al-Mufti|journal=Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities|volume=27|issue=2|page=47-80|DOI=10.25130/jtuh.27.2.2020.03|url=https://jtuh.org/index.php/jtuh/article/view/1167}}</ref> * Treatise on recitation behind the imam * Treatise on the infallibility of the prophets * Treatise on entering bathhouses * Treatise on wiping over leather socks * Treatise on deputizing in the Friday sermon * Treatises on Sufism * Treatises on Arabic morphology (''ṣarf'') * Grammatical commentaries, including works on texts by [[Al-Sharif al-Jurjani]]
== References == {{reflist}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}
[[Category:Hanafis]] [[Category:Maturidis]] [[Category:1532 births]] [[Category:1596 deaths]] [[Category:People from Gaza City]] [[Category:Islamic scholars]]