Akash (missile)

{{Short description|Indian surface-to-air missile series}} {{Redirect|Akash-1S|the longer ranged pulsed rocket motor powered missile|Akash-NG|}} {{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}} {{Infobox weapon | name = Akash | image = AkashPrimeSAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = Latest variant, Akash Prime missile being fired from a mobile launcher | origin = India | type = Mobile Surface-to-air missile system | is_ranged = yes | is_missile = yes | is_UK =  | service = 2009-present | used_by = Indian Army Indian Air Force Armenian Armed Forces See ''Operators'' | wars = 2025 India–Pakistan conflict | designer = Prahlada Rama Rao<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bagla |first1=Pallava |title="Happiest Day...": The Man Behind Akash System That Stopped Pak Missiles |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-pakistan-news-india-pakistan-missile-attack-akash-missile-defence-system-dr-prahlada-ramarao-akash-system-stopped-pak-missiles-8373314 |access-date=11 May 2025 |publisher=ndtv.com |date=9 May 2025}}</ref> | design_date = | manufacturer = Bharat Dynamics Limited | unit_cost = ₹2.5 crore (US$250K) | production_date = 2009–present | number = 15,500 missiles till {{dts|2025}}<ref name="aviation week">{{cite news|url=http://web02.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2011/03/25/awx_03_25_2011_p0-301846.xml&headline=Indian%20Army%20Orders%20Akash%20Missile%20System|title=Indian Army Orders Akash SAM |publisher=Aviation Week|date=25 March 2011|access-date=28 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece|archive-date=27 August 2017}}</ref> | variants = *Akash 1S *Akash Prime *Akash-NG | speed = Mach 1.8 to 2.5<ref name=":2"/> | spec_label = | weight = {{convert|720|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|578|cm|in|abbr=on}} | part_length = | width = | height = | diameter = {{convert|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} – {{convert|35|cm|in|abbr=on}} | crew = | passengers =  | breech = | recoil = | carriage = | elevation = | traverse =  | blade_type = | hilt_type = | sheath_type = | head_type = | haft_type =  | filling = High-explosive, fragmentation | filling_weight = {{convert|60|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | detonation = Radio proximity fuze | yield =  | wingspan = | propellant = Solid fuel | engine = Solid booster with air-augmented rocket and ramjet sustainer motor | ceiling = {{convert|20|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Kirti |title=What is Akash Missile System? Check Range, Speed and Other Key Details |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/what-is-akash-missile-system-range-speed-and-other-key-details-1746786851-1 |access-date=24 December 2025 |publisher=jagranjosh.com |date=9 May 2025}}</ref> | altitude = {{convert|18|km|ft|abbr=on}} | depth = | boost = | accuracy = | launch_platform = *T-72 or BMP-2 or BEML–Tatra chassis (Army) *Tata LPTA 3138 8×8 Trucks (Air Force)<ref name="belakash">{{cite web|url=http://www.bel-india.in/Products.aspx?MId=13&LId=1&link=81|title=BEL Akash Missile System|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920162353/https://bel-india.in/Products.aspx?MId=13&LId=1&link=81|url-status=dead}}</ref> | guidance = '''Mid-course:''' Command guidance with datalink '''Terminal:''' Active radar homing | transport = | vehicle_range = • '''MK 1/1s''' – {{convert|25|km|mile|abbr=on}}<ref>{{ cite news | url =https://theprint.in/defence/govt-approves-export-of-indigenous-akash-missiles-as-uae-vietnam-among-others-show-interest/576658/ | title =Govt approves export of indigenous Akash SAM as UAE, Vietnam among others show interest | work =The Print |location =New Delhi| date =30 December 2020 | first =SNEHESH ALEX | last = PHILIP |access-date =30 July 2021 }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> • '''Prime''' – {{convert|30|km|mile|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Exercise Astrashakti: Indian Akash air defence missile system destroys 4 targets simultaneously |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/exercise-astrashakti-indian-akash-air-defence-missile-system-destroys-4-targets-simultaneously/article67647579.ece |access-date=18 December 2023 |agency=ANI |work=The Hindu |date=17 December 2023}}</ref> • '''NG''' – {{convert|50|km|mile|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Patel |first1=Raghav |title=DRDO Extends Akash-NG Missile Range to 50 km after Successful Dual-Pulse Motor Validation against High-Speed Banshee Drone |url=https://defence.in/threads/drdo-extends-akash-ng-missile-range-to-50-km-after-successful-dual-pulse-motor-validation-against-high-speed-banshee-drone.16743/ |website=defence.in |access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref> }}

'''Akash''' ({{Lit|Sky}}) is a medium-range<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web|title=India Successfully Test Fires Medium-Range Akash Missile|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-akash-missile-579358|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812154859/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-akash-missile-579358|archive-date=12 August 2016|access-date=26 July 2016|website=NDTV}}</ref> mobile surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The Army and the Air Force variants of the missile system are produced by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).<ref name=":12" /> Surveillance and fire control radar, Tactical Command and Control Center and missile launcher are developed by BEL, Tata Advanced Systems Limited and Larsen & Toubro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akash Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) System |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/akash-surface-to-air-missile-system/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240116061116/https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/akash-surface-to-air-missile-system/?cf-view |archive-date=2024-01-16 |access-date=2019-11-17 |website=Airforce Technology}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Journal of Electronic Defense Staff |title= International Electronic Countermeasures Handbook |publisher= Artech House |year= 2004 |isbn=978-1-58053-898-5|chapter=Guided Threat Systems|page=115}}</ref> The Akash missile system can target aircraft up to {{cvt|45|km}} away.<ref name=":3">[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day/ Akash missile successfully test fired for second day, ''Dated:18 November 2014''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706133433/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day/|date=6 July 2015}}</ref> It has the capability to neutralise aerial targets like fighter jets, cruise missiles and air-to-surface missiles.<ref name="ndtv.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nuclear-capable-Akash-missile-test-fired/articleshow/2620568.cms |title=Nuclear-capable Akash missile test fired |access-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |work=The Times of India |date=13 December 2007 |archive-date=27 August 2017 }} Nuclear-capable Akash missile test fired</ref> It is in operational service with the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force.

An Akash battery comprises a single PESA 3D Rajendra radar and four launchers with three missiles each, all of which are interlinked. Each battery can track up to 64 targets and attack up to 12 of them. The missile has a {{convert|60|kg|lb|abbr=on}} high-explosive, pre-fragmented warhead with a proximity fuse. The Akash system is fully mobile and capable of protecting a moving convoy of vehicles. The launch platform has been integrated with both wheeled and tracked vehicles. While the Akash system has primarily been designed as an air defence SAM, it also has been tested in a missile defense role. The system provides air defence missile coverage for an area of {{cvt|2,000|km2}}. The Indian military's combined orders of the Akash, including radar systems (WLR and Surveillance), have a total worth of {{INRConvert|28800|c|lk=on|year=2017|}}.<ref name="AW01"/><ref>[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2010/10/08/awx_10_08_2010_p0-260585.xml Akash Missile Users Give Feedback To DRDO {{!}} AVIATION WEEK] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |date=27 August 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2011/03/25/awx_03_25_2011_p0-301846.xml |title= More Akash systems for Army – NATIONAL – the Hindu|website=aviationweek.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |archive-date=27 August 2017}}</ref> As per Ministry of Defence (MoD) Report 2018, existing order of Akash saved {{INRConvert|34500|c|lk=off|year=2018|}} of foreign exchange for India on imports.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kulkarni|first=Sushant|date=2021-09-28|title=Explained: What are the two advanced versions of Akash missile?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-two-advanced-versions-of-akash-missile-7539643/|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

In July 2025, the Indian Army successfully conducted high-altitude trials of the indigenously developed Akash Prime air defence system in eastern Ladakh, aiming to bolster India's operational capabilities in mountainous terrain.

The two-day trial, conducted at an altitude of over 15,000 feet, was jointly executed by the Army Air Defence Corps and senior scientists from the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). During the exercise, Akash Prime scored two direct hits on fast-moving aerial targets, validating its precision and adaptability in the rarified high-altitude atmosphere.

The test marks a significant step toward enhancing India’s area air defence in sensitive border regions and is in alignment with the country's broader goal of building a self-reliant and resilient indigenous missile defence ecosystem under the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Trivedi |first=Saurabh |date=2025-07-17 |title=Akash Prime successfully tested in Ladakh by Indian Army |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/akash-prime-successfully-tested-in-ladakh-by-indian-army/article69822280.ece |access-date=2025-07-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Description== ===System=== thumb|Akash missile destroying target|alt=|leftEach Akash battery consists of four self-propelled Launchers (three Akash SAMs each), a Battery Level Radar – the Rajendra, and a Command post (Battery Control Centre). Two batteries are deployed as a Squadron (Air Force), while up to four form an Akash Group/Regiment (Army configuration). In both configurations, an extra Group Control Centre (GCC) is added, which acts as the Command and Control HQ of the Squadron or Group. Based on a single mobile platform, GCC establishes links with Battery Control Centres and conducts air defense operations in coordination with air defense set up in a zone of operations. For early warning, the GCC relies on the Central Acquisition Radar. However, individual batteries can also be deployed with the cheaper, 2-D BSR (Battery Surveillance Radar) with a range of over 100 km.

Akash has an advanced automated functioning capability. The 3D CAR automatically starts tracking targets at a distance of around 150 km providing early warning to the system and operators. The target track information is transferred to GCC. GCC automatically classifies the target. BSR starts tracking targets around a range of 100 km. This data is transferred to GCC. The GCC performs multi-radar tracking of up to 200 targets and carries out track correlation & data fusion. Target position information is sent to the BLR which uses this information to acquire the targets.

The BCC which can engage a target(s) from the selected list at the earliest point of time is assigned the target in real time by the GCC. The availability of missiles and the health of the missiles are also taken into consideration during this process. Fresh targets are assigned as and when intercepts with assigned targets are completed. A single shot kill probability of 88% has been achieved by the system taking into consideration various parametres of the sensors, guidance command, missile capabilities and kill zone computations.

There are a number of possibilities for deploying Akash weapon system in autonomous mode and in group mode for neutralizing the threat profiles with defined multi-target engagement scenarios. In the Group mode we can have number of configurations to defend vulnerable areas depending upon nature and expected threat pattern, characteristics of threat. Similarly, multiple batteries in autonomous mode can be deployed to defend vulnerable areas/points. In a Group formation, the four Batteries can be deployed in various geometric formations, as suited to the vulnerable area being protected and the extent desired to be sanitized from enemy air threat. In a box deployment pattern, an Akash group can defend an area of 62 km × 62 km. In a linear array configuration, it covers an area of 98 km × 44 km. Trapezoidal configuration gives defense to the largest area as compared to any other pattern of deployment covering an area of size 5,000 km2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS |url=http://www.akashsam.com/operational.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707101903/http://www.akashsam.com/operational.htm |archive-date=2011-07-07 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=www.akashsam.com}}</ref>

Each Akash battery can engage up to four targets simultaneously with 24 ready to fire missiles. Each battery has four launchers with three missiles, while each Rajendra able to guide eight missiles in total, with a maximum of two missiles per target. Up to a maximum of four targets can be engaged simultaneously by a typical battery with a single Rajendra if one (or two) missile is allotted per target. A single Akash missile has an 88% probability of kill. Two missiles can be fired, five seconds apart, to raise the probability of Kill to 98.5%. Communications between the various vehicles are a combination of wireless and wired links. The entire system is designed to be set up quickly and to be highly mobile for high survivability. The Akash system can be deployed by rail, road or air.

The Akash SAM has been interfaced with both the Akashteer and the Integrated Air Command and Control System.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukul |first=Sushim |date=2025-07-03 |title=Brazil eyes India's Akash system that killed Pak missiles during Op Sindoor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/brazil-eyes-india-akash-missile-operation-sindoor-pakistan-china-pm-modi-brics-summit-air-defence-2750095-2025-07-03 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

===Missile=== thumb|Akash missile test fired for very low altitude near boundary mission on 18 June 2014. Akash is a surface-to-air missile with an intercept range of 25 km.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Rishi |date=1 April 2021 |title=Bharat Dynamics flags off Akash Missiles for delivery to Indian Army |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/bharat-dynamics-flags-off-akash-missiles-for-delivery-to-indian-army/article34217703.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240116062012/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/bharat-dynamics-flags-off-akash-missiles-for-delivery-to-indian-army/article34217703.ece |archive-date=16 January 2024 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=Business Line |location=Hyderabad}}</ref> It has a launch weight of 720 kg, a diameter of 35 cm and a length of 5.78 meters. Akash flies at supersonic speed, reaching around Mach 2.5. It can reach an altitude of 20 km and can be fired from both tracked and wheeled platforms.<ref name=":2" /> An on-board guidance system coupled with an actuator system makes the missile maneuverable up to 15g loads and a tail chase capability for end game engagement. A digital proximity fuse is coupled with a 55 kg pre-fragmented warhead, while the safety arming and detonation mechanism enables a controlled detonation sequence. A self-destruct device is also integrated. It is propelled by an Integrated Ramjet Rocket Engine. The use of a ramjet propulsion system enables sustained speeds without deceleration throughout its flight.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hindu : National : Akash missile achieves a milestone |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/11/stories/2005121102871000.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104002640/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/11/stories/2005121102871000.htm |archive-date=2012-11-04 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=www.hindu.com}}</ref> The missile has command guidance in its entire flight.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=AKASH AIR DEFENCE WEAPON SYSTEM |url=http://www.drdo.com/bnews/jan08/akash_test.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409051827/http://www.drdo.com/bnews/jan08/akash_test.htm |archive-date=2008-04-09 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=www.drdo.org}}</ref>

The design of the missile is somewhat similar to that of the 2K12 Kub with four long tube ramjet inlet ducts mounted mid-body between wings. For pitch/yaw control four clipped triangular moving wings are mounted on the mid-body. For roll control four inline clipped delta fins with ailerons are mounted before the tail. However, the internal schematic shows a different layout with an onboard digital computer, absence of semi-active seeker, different propellant, different actuators and command guidance with datalinks. The Akash carries an onboard radio-proximity fuse.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}

Composite technology for Akash includes radome assemblies, booster liners, ablative liners, sustainer liners, compression molded wings and fins.<ref name="Frontier India">{{cite web|url=http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for-inducting-akash-and-trishul-sams|title=IAF initiates process for inducting Akash and Trishul SAM's|website=Frontier India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616174211/http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for-inducting-akash-and-trishul-sams|archive-date=16 June 2012|access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> The aerodynamic characterization research was conducted at the National Aerospace Laboratories' 1.2 m Trisonic Wind Tunnel Facility.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-06 |title=Bengaluru: 1.2m trisonic wind tunnel at National Aerospace Laboratories completes 55 years of service |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bengaluru-12m-trisonic-wind-tunnel-at-national-aerospace-laboratories-completes-55-years-of-service20220606001500/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=ANI |language=en}}</ref>

===Propulsion=== The Akash, like the Russian 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful), utilizes an integrated ramjet-rocket propulsion system, which, after initial rocket motor burnout, provides sustained thrust for the missile throughout its flight until interception.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-15 |title=Akash Missiles: All about India's first home-made supersonic missile |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/akash-missile-all-about-indias-first-home-made-supersonic-missile/articleshow/72119996.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240116062258/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/akash-missile-all-about-indias-first-home-made-supersonic-missile/articleshow/72119996.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2024-01-16 |access-date=2023-06-25 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

===Radars=== {{main|Rajendra Radar}}

[[File:Rajendra Radar during Republic Day 2019.jpg|thumb|left|Rajendra Radar during Republic Day, 2019]]

The missile is guided by a phased array fire control radar called 'Rajendra' which is termed as Battery Level Radar (BLR) with a tracking range of about 60 km.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pike |first=John |title=Akash (Sky) surface-to-air missile |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/akash.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117224950/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/akash.htm |archive-date=2008-01-17 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref> The tracking and missile guidance radar configuration consists of a slewable phased array antenna of more than 4,000 elements, spectrally pure TWT transmitter, two stage superheterodyne correlation receiver for three channels, high speed digital signal processor, real time management computer and a powerful radar data processor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AKASH |url=http://www.akashsam.com/about.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707102052/http://www.akashsam.com/about.htm |archive-date=2011-07-07 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=www.akashsam.com}}</ref> It can track 64 targets in range, azimuth and height and guide eight missiles simultaneously in ripple fire mode towards four targets. The radar has advanced ECCM features. The Rajendra derivative on a BMP-2 chassis and to be used by the Indian Air Force is known as the Battery Level Radar-II whereas that for the Army, is based on a T-72 chassis and is known as the Battery Level Radar-III.

The Army version also consists of the Battery Surveillance Radar (BSR). BSR is a track vehicle based, long range sensor, interfaced with the BCC. It can detect and track up to 40 targets in range and azimuth up to a range of 100 km.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AKASH |url=http://www.akashsam.com/radar.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721192237/http://www.akashsam.com/radar.htm |archive-date=2011-07-21 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=www.akashsam.com}}</ref>

Long range target acquisition is performed by the 3D Central Acquisition Radar (3D CAR), which is a long range surveillance radar that can track up to 200 targets in Track while Scan mode (detecting, tracking and processing) in three dimensions at a range of 180 km. It provides azimuth, range and height coordinates of targets to the Group Control Centre (GCC) through secure communication links. The data is used to cue the weapon control radar.<ref name="About Akash">[http://www.akashsam.com/about.htm About Akash] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707102052/http://www.akashsam.com/about.htm|date=7 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_227.shtml|title=Aero India 2003 – Part 6|access-date=24 December 2014|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010180852/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_227.shtml|archive-date=10 October 2014}}</ref>

===Platforms=== [[File:AKASH Missiles.jpg|thumb|alt=|frameless|173x173pxAkash Missiles on a BMP-2 chassis. |alt=|179x179px]] The Army's radar and launchers are based on the T-72 chassis built by the Ordnance Factories Board's Ordnance Factory Medak to accompany the Army's fast moving armoured formations.<ref name="bs-armyakash">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/army-warms-up-to-akash-missile-109110700042_1.html|title=Army warms up to Akash missile|first=Ajai|last=Shukla|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=7 November 2009|access-date=26 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816131825/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/army-warms-up-to-akash-missile-109110700042_1.html|archive-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> The Air Force versions use a combination of tracked and wheeled vehicle. The Air Force Akash launcher consists of a detachable trailer which is towed by a Tata truck, which can be positioned autonomously. The Air Force launcher is designed by Larsen & Toubro jointly with DRDO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.larsentoubro.com/heavy-engineering/products-services/defence-aerospace/land-weapon-systems/missile-launchers/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180625064119/http://www.larsentoubro.com/heavy-engineering/products-services/defence-aerospace/land-weapon-systems/missile-launchers/|archive-date = 2018-06-25|title = Missile Launchers | Heavy Engineering | L&T India}}</ref> Both the Army and Air Force launchers have three ready-to-fire Akash missiles each. The launchers can slew in both elevation and azimuth. The Army Self-Propelled Launcher (ASPL) is 360 degrees slewable and its arc in elevation is from 6 to 60 degrees. The Akash Air Force Launcher (AAFL) is 360 degree slewable, in elevation it can fire from 8 to 55 degrees in all directions depending on the mode of deployment.<ref>[http://www.akashsam.com/launchers.htm Akash Launchers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721192208/http://www.akashsam.com/launchers.htm |date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> Akash Air force launcher features an All electro servo drive system for fully automated and remote operation.<ref name="Frontier India" /> To enable the Akash group to perform self-sufficient in the combat zone, a number of supporting specialist vehicles have been designed and developed. They are mobile and field-worthy. Their design is based on the role and task to be performed and the vehicles are accordingly allocated to the Group HQ, the Batteries, Assembly Line Area and the Field maintenance workshop. Some of the vehicles are: the Missile Transportation Vehicle (MTV), the Transportation and Loading Vehicle (TLV), the Mobile Station for Missile Checkout (MSMC) Vehicle, the Air Compressor Vehicle (ACV), the Power Supply vehicles (GPSV, BPSV), the Engineering Support, Maintenance and Repair vehicles (GEM, BEM) and a few others. These specialist vehicles assemble and prepare missiles, deliver them to Batteries, carry maintenance spares and fuel, and provide logistical engineering support. Their allocation provides for flexibility and self-sufficiency to the whole Akash Group.<ref>[http://www.akashsam.com/support_vehicles.htm Akash Support Vehicles] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721192305/http://www.akashsam.com/support_vehicles.htm |date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>

==Development and history== {{See also|Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme}} The development of the missile began in 1984 as a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-06 |title=Akash Missile: 9 Things you must know about India's first indigenously developed surface to air missile |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-and-current-affairs/story/akash-missile-things-you-must-know-251686-2015-05-06 |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Army inducts indigenously-built surface-to-air missile Akash |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/army-inducts-indigenously-built-surface-to-air-missile-akash-76511/ |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> with an estimated development cost of {{INRConvert|300|c|lk=on|year=1984}} under the directorship of Prahlada Ramarao.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-14 |title='Chosen by 'Missile Man' APJ Abdul Kalam': Who is Prahlada Ramarao, man behind India's homegrown Akash Missile defence system |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chosen-by-missile-man-apj-abdul-kalam-who-is-prahlada-ramarao-man-behind-indias-homegrown-akash-missile-defence-system/articleshow/121150216.cms |access-date=2025-06-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-14 |title='It means more than my...': How the scientist who led Akash project reacted as his "missile child" protected the nation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/it-means-more-than-my-how-the-scientist-who-led-akash-project-reacted-as-his-missile-child-protected-the-nation/articleshow/121152457.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-06-09 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

The Akash Missile Development cost of {{INRConvert|1000|c|lk=|year=2017}}, including the project sanction of {{INRConvert|600|c|lk=on|year=2017}}, is 8-10 times lower than the cost of similar system developments in other countries. Akash has certain unique characteristics like mobility, all-the-way-powered flight till target interception, multiple target handling, digitally-coded command guidance and fully automatic operation.<ref name="AW01" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=India exports Akash missile system to Armenia in Rs 6,000 crore deal |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/india-exports-akash-missile-system-to-armenia-in-rs-6000-crore-deal/ |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

Bharat Electronics, Bangalore is the Nodal Production Agency for the Akash Weapon System and also the production partner of the radar systems. Bharat Dynamics Limited (Missile), Larsen & Toubro (Missile and Launcher), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (Command and Control Centre), and Tata Power Company Limited (Launcher) are the other major production partners.<ref name=":16" />

As of 2008, each missile is expected to have starting costs below {{INRConvert|2|c|year=2008}}<ref name="drdo.org">{{cite web |date=2008-02-17 |title=Dr. Prahlada, Chief Controller R&D (SI) and DS Interview |url=http://www.drdo.org/dpi/prahlada_interview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418015036/http://www.drdo.org/dpi/prahlada_interview.html |archive-date=18 April 2008 |access-date=25 September 2008}}</ref> which is less than half the cost of similar Western missiles which usually cost between US$1.2-1.5 million (₹5-6 crore) each.<ref name="IAF Hindu">{{cite web |date=2005-12-11 |title=National : Akash missile achieves a milestone |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/11/stories/2005121102871000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104002640/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/11/stories/2005121102871000.htm |archive-date=4 November 2012 |access-date=24 December 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> It is expected that this cost will further decrease because of the economies of scale achieved as production ramps up.<ref name="drdo.org" />

For the first time, Akash showed in Exercise Astrashakti 2023 that it could engage four targets at once under command guidance with a single fire unit at a maximum range of about 30 km. The targets were divided to attack defence assets from various angles and were approaching from the same direction in a close formation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-17 |title=Exercise Astrashakti: Indian Akash air defence missile system destroys 4 targets simultaneously|work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/exercise-astrashakti-indian-akash-air-defence-missile-system-destroys-4-targets-simultaneously/article67647579.ece |access-date=2023-12-17 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ===Mark 1=== {{Excerpt|Akash (missile)|Missile|paragraphs=1}}

=== Akash Mk1S === thumb|Akash-1S missile test on 27 May 2019|alt=The Akash Mk1S was the intermediate upgrade while developing the Akash Prime variant. The Mk1S featured an indigenous active radio frequency seeker along with the original command guidance system of the Mark 1 variant. The missile was test fired in May 2019 from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, Odisha. The additional seeker improved the ability to shootdown advanced targets along with single shot kill probability.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |date=2019-05-27 |title=DRDO successfully test fires AKASH – MK -1S |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1572701 |access-date=2025-06-09 |work=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=India Successfully Test Fires Improved Akash Missile |url=https://www.sps-aviation.com/story/?id=2563&h=India-Successfully-Test-Fires-Improved-Akash-Missile |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=www.sps-aviation.com}}</ref>

=== Akash Prime === thumb|Akash-Prime SAM The Akash Prime missile is equipped with an indigenous active radio frequency seeker giving it a 360° engagement capability with higher accuracy. The missile will be manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited while Bharat Electronics will produce radars, radars, control centres, simulators, associated vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kajal |first=Kapil |date=21 June 2023 |title=BEL receives order for Akash Prime weapons |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/bel-receives-order-for-akash-prime-weapons |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=Janes.com}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite news |date=2021-09-27 |title=Successful Maiden Flight Test of Akash Prime Missile |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1758711 |access-date=2025-06-09 |work=Press Information Bureau}}</ref> Akash Prime is also optimized for low temperature and high altitude operations with modified ground system and has a range of 30 km and a flight altitude of 18 km.<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-28 |title=Explained: What are the two advanced versions of Akash missile? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-two-advanced-versions-of-akash-missile-7539643/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929195844/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-two-advanced-versions-of-akash-missile-7539643/ |archive-date=2022-09-29 |access-date=2025-06-09 |work=The Indian Express |language=en-US}}</ref> The missile was first flight tested in September 2021 where it successfully intercepted and destroyed an unmanned aerial target mimicking enemy aircraft.<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Negi|first=Manjeet|date=2021-09-27|title=Akash Prime, new version of Akash missile, successfully destroys unmanned aerial target during flight test|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/index/story/drdo-tests-new-version-of-akash-missile-akash-prime-in-odisha-1857913-2021-09-27|access-date=2021-09-27|website=India Today}}</ref> The new missile and modified ground systems, collectively referred to as improved Akash Weapon System (AWS), was ordered in March 2023. The system has an indigenous content of 82% which will be increased to 93%. The missile also has "Reduced Foot Print".<ref name=":19" /> Akash Prime employs a combination of seeker-based terminal guidance with command guidance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2025 |title=2023-24 Annual Report |url=https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR_2023-24-new-23-9-2025.pdf |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref> The missile variant is associated with the '''Advanced Akash Weapon System'''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-03-26 |title=Bharat Dynamics completes first-off production model of Advanced Akash system |url=https://manufacturing.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aerospace-defence/bharat-dynamics-completes-first-off-production-model-of-advanced-akash-system/129821910 |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=ETManufacturing.in |language=en}}</ref>

=== Akash-NG === {{main|Akash-NG}}

thumb|Akash-NG A successor missile with a new design '''Akash – New generation''' abbreviated as Akash-NG was approved in September 2016 with a funding of {{INRConvert|470|c|lk=|year=2016}} to succeed Akash and Akash-1S with improved capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158007|title=DRDO Projects|date=3 February 2017|website=Ministry of Defence|via=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref> Akash-NG will have an improved reaction time and higher level of protection against saturation attacks. The second stage uses dual-pulse solid rocket motor which is lighter instead of air-breathing solid ramjet engine to increase the overall range from current 25–30 km to 70–80 km, an active electronically scanned array (AESA) Multi-Function Radar (MFR) and optical proximity fuze.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/next-generation-akash-ng-add-new-diamension-india-s-air-defence-capabilities-2817050.html|title=Next generation Akash-NG to add new diamension to India's air defence capabilities|last=SV|first=Vikas|date=2018-12-04|website=oneindia|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar Rout|first=Hemant|date=25 January 2021|title=Next-generation surface-to-air Akash missile successfully test-fired|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/jan/25/next-generation-surface-to-air-akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-2254916.html|access-date=2022-01-24|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The final user trials were conducted successfully on 23rd December 2025, with engagement of aerial targets in various scenarios and the missile is ready for induction into the Indian Armed Forces.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Shivani |date=2025-12-24 |title=DRDO completes user evaluation trials of Akash-NG missile system |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/drdo-completes-user-evaluation-trials-of-akash-ng-missile-system-2840802-2025-12-24 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Trials == {{for|the tests and flight trials of Akash-NG|Akash-NG#Testing}} * The first test flight of Akash missile was conducted in 1990, with development flights up to March 1997.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=2021-07-19 |title=Akash Missile: Everything about India's first Indigenous Missile. - Militaryview |url=https://militaryview.com/akash-missile-indias-first-indigenous-missile/ |access-date=2025-06-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Two Akash missiles from separate launchers intercepted two fast moving targets in simultaneous engagement mode in both 2005 and 2006. The trials were conducted in the Integrated Test Range (IT), Chandipur, Odisha. The group mode performance of the Central Acquisition Radar (3D-CAR) was also fully established.<ref name=":16" /><ref>{{cite web |title=IAF initiates process for inducting Akash and Trishul SAM's |url=http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for-inducting-akash-and-trishul-sams/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325051818/http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for-inducting-akash-and-trishul-sams/ |archive-date=25 March 2010 |access-date=24 December 2014 |website=Frontier India}}</ref> A total of 16 flight trials were completed by August 2006.<ref name=":17" /> * Between 14 and 21 December 2007, the Indian Air Force completed user trials for this missile. The trials were declared successful after the missile hit the target on five occasions. Multiple target handling capability of Akash weapon system was demonstrated by live firing in C4I environment. The last trial was conducted at 2:15 pm IST on 21 December. Before the ten-day trial at ITR, ECCM Evaluation tests along with Field Mobility Tests were carried out at Gwalior Air Force Station and mobility trials were carried out in Pokhran. The IAF had evolved the User Trial Directive to verify the Akash's consistency. The trials included firing missiles against multiple targets which included low-flying near-range target, long-range high-altitude target, crossing and approaching target and ripple firing of two missiles from the same launcher against a low-altitude receding target.<ref name=":16" /> * From 24 May to 6 June 2012, the Air Force version of the Akash missile, with a strike range of 25 km and 60 kg warhead, was tested five times from the Launch Complex-III (LC-3) of the ITR at Chandipur off the Odisha coast. These were user specific trials and a part of the routine air defence exercises of India. On 24 May 2012, India successfully test fired Akash missile to revalidate technology and operational efficacy. The target was a floating object towed by a Pilotless Target Aircraft.<ref name=":9">{{cite news |title=Surface-to-air Akash missile test fired successfully |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Surface-to-air-Akash-missile-test-fired-successfully/articleshow/13441481.cms |access-date=24 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |work=The Times of India |archive-date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> On 26 and 28 May, the missile were test fired again in a similar way.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-05-26 |title=Surface-to-air Akash missile test fired |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/surface-to-air-akash-missile-test-fired-112052603002_1.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-02 |title=Akash missile test-fired for the second time |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2012/May/26/akash-missile-test-fired-for-the-second-time-371836.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Two of the missile tests in May failed as the missile did not take-off as they were scheduled for successive launches.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2014-04-24 |title=Akash Missile Fails to Destroy PTA Target |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2014/Apr/24/akash-missile-fails-to-destroy-pta-target-604135.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> On 1 June, two Air Force variant missiles were fired back-to-back from the ITR.<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-06-01 |title=Defence News – India Test-Fires Air Force Version of Akash |url=http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=1260 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814123800/http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=1260 |archive-date=14 August 2012 |access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> On 6 June at 07:57 am IST, two of the Air Force version of the missile from the LC-III of the ITR. This was the fifth trial of the missile system variant since 24 May 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-06-06 |title=Air Force version of 'Akash' missile successfully test-fired |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/air-force-version-of-akash-missile-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/13861771.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=6 June 2012 |title=Air Force version of 'Akash' missile successfully test-fired |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-06/india/32078355_1_akash-missile-integrated-test-range-anti-aircraft-defence-system |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |archive-date=27 August 2017 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-06-06 |title=Akash missile's Air Force version successfully test-fired |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/akash-missiles-air-force-version-successfully-testfired/article3496080.ece |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> * On 21 and 24 February 2014, the Indian Army successfully tested the Akash missiles from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur. The tests were a part of pre-induction trials by the Army. On 21 February, the missile hit an approaching target towed by PTA Lakshya. On 24 February, the missile hit a receding target at a distance of 19 km. The missiles were part of the first of Production Model system being producedto equip the 2 regiments on order for the Army.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-24 |title=Successful Trials of Akash Surface to Air Missile System |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=104204 |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-24 |title=Akash missile test-fired, on target again |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/akash-missile-testfired-on-target-again/article5722234.ece |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> * From 23 April to 2 May 2014, the Indian Air Force tested the Akash system from LC-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur on four days. On 23 April, the Akash missiles failed to intercept the target from the Pilotless Target Aircraft. The PTA was launched from Launch Complex-II (LC-2) of the ITR at around 2:30 pm IST. The missile is designed to pass through the "missed-distance proximity" (MDP) causing "auto-detonation" of the proximity fuse. However, the missile missed the MDP.<ref name=":13" /> On 26 April, Indian Air Force successfully tested 2 Akash missiles taken from the production lot against an incoming and a receding target both towed by PTA Lakshya. All the assets including missiles, launchers, radar, command centres and the drone was being controlled by Air Force personnel. The test was conducted from the ITR Complex.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=26 April 2014 |title=Two Akash missiles tested |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/two-akash-missiles-tested/article5951555.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427151108/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/two-akash-missiles-tested/article5951555.ece |archive-date=27 April 2014 |access-date=24 December 2014 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> On 29 April, Two more trials were expected to be conducted.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2014-04-29 |title=2 More User Trials of Akash by IAF Today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2014/Apr/29/2-more-user-trials-of-akash-by-iaf-today-606132.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> However, the PTA failed to take off resulting in the postponement of the tests. On 1 May, PTA Lakshya was launched from LC-2 of the ITR. The missile which was expected to intercept the target after 15 minutes, failed to take off from LC-3. The problem was speculated as perennial technical problem of the missile. This was the missile's second failure in the recent seven-test series by the IAF.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2014-05-01 |title=Successive Failure of 'Akash' Trial |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2014/May/01/successive-failure-of-akash-trial-607009.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> On 2 May, the same tests were carried out where the missile hit para-barrel targets successfully. The test was conducted from LC-3 at 2:28 pm IST.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-02 |title=Akash missile successfully test fired for second day in a row |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day-in-a-row/articleshow/34538903.cms |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> * On 3 August 2014, Akash missile test-fired from LC-3 of the ITR at Chandipur off the Odisha coast. The test was described as "fully successful" by the Director of ITR.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=13 August 2014 |title=Successful surface-to-air 'Akash' missile trial for second day |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-successful-surface-to-air-akash-missile-trial-for-second-day-2010473 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813230651/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-successful-surface-to-air-akash-missile-trial-for-second-day-2010473 |archive-date=13 August 2014}}</ref> * In November 2014, training user trials of the Akash surface-to-air supersonic missiles were completed successfully on Friday. The trials were conducted for 5 consecutive days. All mission parameters, as set by the Indian Air Force (IAF) team, were validated.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 November 2014 |title=Akash Missile Completes Training User Trials |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2014/11/21/Akash-Missile-Completes-Training-User-Trials/article2534505.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205045627/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2014/11/21/Akash-Missile-Completes-Training-User-Trials/article2534505.ece |archive-date=5 December 2014 |access-date=28 November 2014 |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref> * On 11 to 13 April 2015, Indian Army successfully conducted six rounds of user trials of the missile. The tests were conducted from complex 3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur in Odisha. The missiles targeted pilot less target aircraft (PTA) Lakshya, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) 'Banshee' and a para barrel target, two times each.<ref>{{Cite web |title=User Trial of Akash Missile System By Indian Army Successful |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/User-Trial-of-Akash-Missile-System-By-Indian-Army-Successful/2016/04/12/article3375372.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415114245/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/User-Trial-of-Akash-Missile-System-By-Indian-Army-Successful/2016/04/12/article3375372.ece |archive-date=15 April 2016 |access-date=12 April 2016 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2016 |title=Akash missile test fired for second consecutive day {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-akash-missile-test-fired-for-second-consecutive-day-2201470 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416234549/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-akash-missile-test-fired-for-second-consecutive-day-2201470 |archive-date=16 April 2016 |access-date=12 April 2016 |website=dna}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Surface-to-air Akash missile successfully test fired in Odisha |url=http://odishasuntimes.com/2016/04/12/surface-to-air-akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-in-odisha/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423211556/http://odishasuntimes.com/2016/04/12/surface-to-air-akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-in-odisha/ |archive-date=23 April 2016 |access-date=12 April 2016 |website=OdishaSunTimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akash Missile System Successfully Demonstrates Killing Efficiency |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Akash-Missile-System-Successfully-Demonstrates-Killing-Efficiency/2016/04/14/article3379377.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416203925/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Akash-Missile-System-Successfully-Demonstrates-Killing-Efficiency/2016/04/14/article3379377.ece |archive-date=16 April 2016 |access-date=14 April 2016 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 April 2016 |title=Akash missile test fired successfully for third consecutive |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/akash-missile-test-fired-successfully-for-third-consecutive-116041300920_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419051748/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/akash-missile-test-fired-successfully-for-third-consecutive-116041300920_1.html |archive-date=19 April 2016 |access-date=14 April 2016 |newspaper=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> * On 28 January 2016, the missile was successfully test fired from Launch Complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur in Odisha. As part of a user trial from the ITR, three rounds of test were carried out by the Indian Air Force (IAF) personnel aiming at para-barrel target between 11 pm and 2 pm IST. Tests were aimed at gauging the flight consistency and effectiveness of the missile, besides ascertaining the serviceability of the system in various conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akash missile successfully test fired in Chandipuri, Odisha: Interesting facts : Current Affairs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-&-current-affairs/story/akash-missile-306121-2016-01-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131011806/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/akash-missile/1/582597.html |archive-date=31 January 2016 |access-date=29 January 2016 |website=indiatoday.intoday.in |date=29 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2016 |title=India test fires Akash missiles |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-test-fires-akash-missiles/article8163440.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128172037/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-test-fires-akash-missiles/article8163440.ece |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=29 January 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India test fires Akash missiles |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/india-test-fires-akash-missiles-2046371 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> * On 8 March 2016, Indian Air Force (IAF) demonstrated the missile at the exercise Iron Fist 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2016 |title=Iron Fist 2016: Indian Air Force's greatest show of air power {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/column-iron-fist-2016-indian-air-force-s-greatest-show-of-air-power-2191190 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320124817/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/column-iron-fist-2016-indian-air-force-s-greatest-show-of-air-power-2191190 |archive-date=20 March 2016 |access-date=19 March 2016 |website=dna}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IAF showcases indigenous fighter plane 'Tejas' in Iron Fist Exercise |url=http://www.newsx.com/national/23267-iaf-showcases-indigenous-fighter-plane-tejas-in-iron-fist-exercise |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320222755/http://www.newsx.com/national/23267-iaf-showcases-indigenous-fighter-plane-tejas-in-iron-fist-exercise |archive-date=20 March 2016 |access-date=19 March 2016 |website=NewsX}}</ref> * On 28 and 29 November 2017, the Indian Air Force carried out 3 tests of the missile from Launch Complex 3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) against electronic targets.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Supersonic Akash missile test fired against electronic target |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/nov/28/supersonic-akash-missile-test-fired-against-electronic-target-1713166.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042211/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/nov/28/supersonic-akash-missile-test-fired-against-electronic-target-1713166.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Two rounds of Surface-to-Air Missile Akash successfully test fired |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/nov/29/two-rounds-of-surface-to-air-missile-akash-successfully-test-fired-1714187.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035927/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/nov/29/two-rounds-of-surface-to-air-missile-akash-successfully-test-fired-1714187.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> * On 30 November 2017, Indian Army successfully test fired five Akash missiles at Integrated Test Range (ITR) against multiple targets.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Army carries out five successful tests of Akash missiles |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-army-akash-missiles-air-force-china-1097936-2017-11-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203054037/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indian-army-akash-missiles-air-force-china/1/1100842.html |archive-date=3 December 2017 |access-date=9 December 2017}}</ref> * On 5 December 2017, another test with an indigenous radio frequency seeker was successfully carried out by the Army against a Banshee aerial drone.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 December 2017 |title=India successfully test-fires Akash missile with home-made radio frequency seeker |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061217/india-successfully-test-fires-akash-missile-with-home-made-radio-frequency-seeker.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209155124/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061217/india-successfully-test-fires-akash-missile-with-home-made-radio-frequency-seeker.html |archive-date=9 December 2017 |access-date=9 December 2017 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Successful Launch of Akash Missile |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174118 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210180012/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174118 |archive-date=10 December 2017 |access-date=10 December 2017 |website=pib.nic.in}}</ref> * On 25 and 27 May 2019, DRDO conducted tests of the '''Akash Mk1S''' variant. Both the trials were successfully completed from the Integrated Test Range.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":15" /> * On 3 December 2020, the Indian Air Force carried out 10 missile firing at Suryalanka to bolster its capability among ongoing Indo-Sino border tension. The missiles were fired to validate different scenario and majority of the missiles scored a direct kill further establishing the efficacy of Akash missile.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ajit K Dubey |date=4 December 2020 |title=Amid China border conflict, IAF testfires 10 Akash missiles to 'shoot down' enemy fighters |url=https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/amid-china-border-conflict-iaf-testfires-10-akash-missiles-to-shoot-down-enemy-fighters20201204144801/ |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=ANI}}</ref> * On 27 September 2021, DRDO conducted maiden trials of '''Akash Prime''' variant where the missiles intercepted and destroyed an unmanned aerial target mimicking enemy aircraft. Modified ground systems and equipments derived from the original Akash Weapon System was also a part of the trials.<ref name=":18" /> * On 17 December 2023, during an exercise Astraskati the Indian Air Force fired 4 missile simultaneously from 2 Akash launcher of a single firing unit neutralizing 4 UAV's simultaneously using command guidance. All target were detected and shot down at the maximum range of 30 km. This marks the Akash system as the first system in the world to successfully track and destroy 4 target using a single firing unit in command guidance. These tests were conducted from the new units ordered by Indian Air Force.<ref name="FE-171223">{{cite news |date=2023-12-17 |title=India's Akash Missile System achieves unprecedented success in Astrashakti Military Exercise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-indias-akash-missile-system-achieves-unprecedented-success-in-astrashakti-military-exercise-3340973/ |work=Financial Times |location=London}}</ref><ref name="IT-171223">{{cite news |last=Negi |first=Manjeet |date=2023-12-17 |title=Akash missile system destroys 4 targets simultaneously during Air Force exercise |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/akash-missile-destroys-aerial-targets-astrashakti-exercise-indian-air-force-2477045-2023-12-17 |work=India Today}}</ref> * On 31 March 2024, another test of Akash missiles were carried out successfully by Army's Western Command's 128 AD Missile Regiment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Army test-fires BrahMos, Akash missiles |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-army-test-fires-brahmos-akash-missiles |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=Janes.com}}</ref> * On 16 and 17 July 2025, Indian Army Air Defence and DRDO successfully tested '''Akash Prime''' variant in Ladakh sector at an altitude of over {{Convert|15000|ft|m|abbr=on}}. The missile scored two direct hits against very fast-moving target aircraft in a rarefied atmosphere. The trials were important for the subsequent induction of two regiments of the system into the Army.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Successful trial of Akash Prime at High-Altitude |date=2025-07-17 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2145517 |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-16 |title=Army successfully tests Akash Prime air defence system at 15,000 ft in Ladakh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/army-successfully-tests-akash-prime-air-defence-system-at-15000-ft-in-ladakh-2756806-2025-07-16 |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-16 |title=Akash Prime successfully tested: Air defence trial held at 15,000 ft in Ladakh; why it matters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/akash-prime-successfully-tested-air-defence-trial-held-at-15000-ft-in-ladakh-why-it-matters/articleshow/122579163.cms |access-date=2025-07-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> * '''Akash NG''' completed its final user evaluation trials demonstrating engagement of aerial targets in various scenarios. The missile is ready for induction into the Indian Armed Forces.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Shivani |date=2025-12-24 |title=DRDO completes user evaluation trials of Akash-NG missile system |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/drdo-completes-user-evaluation-trials-of-akash-ng-missile-system-2840802-2025-12-24 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Status== The Indian Army and Air Force have a combined order worth ₹23,300 crore ($5.18 billion) as of 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/127/bharat-dynamics-limited-signs-largest-ever-deal-with-army-for-akash-missiles.html|title=Bharat Dynamics Limited Signs Largest Ever Deal With Army for Akash Missiles|access-date=24 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224223609/http://www.defencenow.com/news/127/bharat-dynamics-limited-signs-largest-ever-deal-with-army-for-akash-missiles.html|archive-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> The Air Force and the Army inducted their respective variants of Akash Weapon System (AWS) in 2012 and 2015, respectively.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":21" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite news |title=More Akash systems for Army |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |archive-date=2017-08-27 |access-date=2025-06-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> On 16 March 2016, Director of Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), said that India is looking to double missile production to 100 per month, up from 50 to 60.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/current-affairs/india-looks-to-double-missile-production-to-100-per-month_5900481.html|title=India looks to double missile production to 100 per month|website=moneycontrol.com|access-date=16 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322011410/http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/current-affairs/india-looks-to-double-missile-production-to-100-per-month_5900481.html|archive-date=22 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defenseworld.net/news/15613/India_To_Double_Akash_Missile_Production_To_100_Per_Month|title=India To Double Akash Missile Production To 100 Per Month|website=defenseworld.net|access-date=16 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319134452/http://www.defenseworld.net/news/15613/India_To_Double_Akash_Missile_Production_To_100_Per_Month|archive-date=19 March 2016}}</ref>

A Comptroller and Auditor General report released in 2017 stated that because of a lack of adequate storage facilities, the life span of the missiles may be affected. In addition, there was a 30% failure rate during testing of missiles in inventory with 6 out of 20 missiles failing to hit their targets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akash missiles, aimed at downing Chinese fighter jets in northeast, not installed: CAG |date=28 July 2017 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/akash-missiles-siliguri-corridor-cag-chinese-air-force-chickens-neck-1026912-2017-07-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813053639/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akash-missiles-siliguri-corridor-cag-chinese-air-force-chickens-neck/1/1013688.html |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Made-in-India' Akash Missile, worth Rs 3,600 crore, fails test |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/made-in-india-akash-missile-worth-rs-3600-crore-fails-test/20170728.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728192354/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/made-in-india-akash-missile-worth-rs-3600-crore-fails-test/20170728.htm |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Akash missile reported 30% failure rate, says CAG |url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/KrjvlDB9ictx2eEnoZHJlJ/Akash-missile-reported-30-failure-rate-says-CAG.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729050807/http://www.livemint.com/Industry/KrjvlDB9ictx2eEnoZHJlJ/Akash-missile-reported-30-failure-rate-says-CAG.html |archive-date=29 July 2017 |access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref>

===Indian Air Force=== thumb|Night launch of Akash missile in Vayu Shakti Exercise 2019.|alt= The Indian Air Force was satisfied with the performance of Akash after extensive flight trials and has decided to induct two squadrons or 4 batteries of the weapon system in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/iaf-inducts-the-akash-missile_10047471.html|title=IAF inducts the Akash missile|website=Thaindian News|access-date=24 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224225007/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/iaf-inducts-the-akash-missile_10047471.html|archive-date=24 December 2014}}</ref><ref name=":9" /> An order for two squadrons were placed initially, with these being inducted in 2009. The IAF found the missile performance to be satisfactory and was expected to place orders for 16 more launchers to form two more squadrons for India's northeast theater.<ref name="bs-armyakash" /><ref name="IAF Hindu" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?667753 |title=IAF Slams Chinese Protest to PM's Arunachal Visit |access-date=24 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718084228/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?667753 |archive-date=18 July 2011 }}</ref>

In March 2009, Tata Power's Strategic Engineering Division (Tata Power SED) announced that it had secured the {{INRConvert|182|c|lk=on|year=2009|}} order for 16 Akash launchers to be delivered in the next 33 months.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/31/stories/2009033155561600.htm | location=Chennai, India | title=Tata Power unit bags defence order | date=31 March 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403074739/http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/31/stories/2009033155561600.htm | work=The Hindu | archive-date=3 April 2009 }}</ref>

In January 2010, it was revealed that the Indian Air Force had ordered for 6 more squadrons. Each squadron will consist of 125 missiles, bringing the order to 750 missiles for 6 squadrons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IAF orders another 750 Akash surface-to-air missiles - The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IAF-orders-another-750-Akash-surface-to-air-missiles/articleshow/5527577.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413104043/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IAF-orders-another-750-Akash-surface-to-air-missiles/articleshow/5527577.cms |archive-date=2010-04-13 |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=Times of India}}</ref> The first two squadrons will consist of 48 missiles each<ref>[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2010/04/27/awx_04_27_2010_p0-222589.xml&headline=IAF%20To%20Get%20Akash%20Missiles%20This%20Year IAF To Get Akash Missiles This Year] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> while future squadrons will vary in number depending on the IAF. The additional missiles were ordered from state-run defence firm Bharat Electronics, who will act as the system integrator, at a cost of {{INRConvert|4279|c|lk=off|year=2010|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/iaf-orders-another-750-akash-sams_100313537.html|title=IAF orders another 750 Akash SAMs|website=Thaindian News|access-date=24 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224224204/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/iaf-orders-another-750-akash-sams_100313537.html|archive-date=24 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Reporter |first=B. S. |date=3 February 2010 |title=Missile boost for BEL |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/missile-boost-for-bel-110020300150_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308234505/http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/missile-boost-for-bel-110020300150_1.html |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=26 July 2016 |newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref>

IAF orders could reportedly rise due to the retirement of its Pechoras arsenal and if the Indo-Israeli JV to develop a MRSAM (Medium Range SAM) for the IAF face further delays, while a similar program for the Indian Navy proceeds unimpeded.<ref>[http://news.indiainfo.com/2008/05/06/0805061039_indo-israel_missile_deal_on_hold.html Barak-MRSAM for IAF put on hold] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706153436/http://news.indiainfo.com/2008/05/06/0805061039_indo-israel_missile_deal_on_hold.html|date=6 July 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=lmnu2&subLeft=1&autono=311447&tab=r Missile mission meets target] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511142259/http://www.business-standard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=lmnu2&subLeft=1&autono=311447&tab=r|date=11 May 2011}}</ref>

On 3 March 2012, the missile was officially inducted into Indian Air Force with a ceremony at Hyderabad.<ref name=":20">{{cite news |last=Subramanian |first=T. S. |date=2 March 2012 |title=Torpedo, Akash missile to be handed over to Navy and IAF on Saturday |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article2951593.ece?homepage=true |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |archive-date=27 August 2017 |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

On 10 July 2015, the Akash surface-to-air missile was formally inducted in the Indian Air Force at Gwalior.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-10 |title=IAF gets Akash missile shield |url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/iaf-gets-akash-missile-shield/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227122720/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/iaf-gets-akash-missile-shield/ |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=30 December 2015 |website=Daily Excelsior}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-05 |title=Ingeniously-built Aakash missile inducted in IAF : India, News - India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ingeniously-built-aakash-missile-inducted-in-iaf-281780-2015-07-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027162319/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ingeniously-built-aakash-missile-inducted-in-iaf/1/450574.html |archive-date=2015-10-27 |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=India Today}}</ref>

On 1 September 2015, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) cleared the purchase of seven additional squadrons of the Akash missile for the Indian Air Force.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title = DAC clears projects worth over Rs. 13,000 cr.|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dac-clears-projects-worth-over-rs-13000-cr/article7604956.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2 September 2015|access-date = 30 December 2015|issn = 0971-751X|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dac-clears-projects-worth-over-rs-13000-cr/article7604956.ece|archive-date = 27 August 2017}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title = Govt clears defence projects worth Rs 15,000 crore – Times of India|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-clears-defence-projects-worth-Rs-15000-crore/articleshow/48762974.cms|website = The Times of India| date=September 2015 |access-date = 30 December 2015|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151202051130/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-clears-defence-projects-worth-Rs-15000-crore/articleshow/48762974.cms|archive-date = 2 December 2015}}</ref> On 12 September 2019, it was reported that the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) has cleared the procurement in late August.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=IAF to get 7 more Akash missile squadrons |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/iaf-to-get-7-more-akash-missile-squadrons-760765.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Later, a contract worth {{INRConvert|5400|c|lk=off|year=2019|}} for the deal was signed with Bharat Electronics the same month. The order placed was for Akash Prime missile squadrons.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |title=Rs 5400 crore deal inked for 7 more squadrons of Akash missiles for IAF |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rs-5400-crore-deal-inked-for-7-more-squadrons-of-akash-missiles/articleshow/71116926.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The delivery has been completed as of 2023–2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=2023-24 Annual Report |url=https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR_2023-24-new-23-9-2025.pdf |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref>

===Indian Army=== thumb|Akash missiles during Republic Day 2017 parade In June 2010, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) cleared an order of the Akash missile system, valued at {{INRConvert|12500|c|lk=on|year=2010|}}. Bharat Dynamics (BDL) will be the system integrator and nodal production agency for the Akash Army variant.<ref name="AW01">[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2010/06/09/awx_06_09_2010_p0-233041.xml Akash Missile System For Indian Army OK'd] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> The Army plans to induct two regiments of the missile.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/india-eyes-producing-more-akash-missiles-bel-expects-windfall/118021/on|title=India eyes producing more Akash missiles, BEL expects windfall|author=Press Trust of India|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=2 December 2010|access-date=24 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013051825/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/india-eyes-producing-more-akash-missiles-bel-expects-windfall/118021/on|archive-date=13 October 2012}}</ref>

In March 2011, a report indicates that the Indian Army has ordered 2 Akash regiments – approximately 2,000 missiles – worth {{INRConvert|14180|c|lk=off|year=2011|}}.<ref>[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2011/03/25/awx_03_25_2011_p0-301846.xml Indian Army Orders Akash Missile System] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> These will replace the Indian Army's 2 SA-6 Groups (25 systems with 1,500 missiles each), which were inducted between 1977 and 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers|title=SIPRI Arms Transfers Database|access-date=24 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216034008/http://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers/|archive-date=16 December 2014}}</ref>

On 5 May 2015, Akash Missile was inducted into the Indian Army.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/boost-to-armys-air-power-to-get-medium-range-missile-by-2020/articleshow/60244300.cms|title=Boost to Army's air power; to get medium range missile by 2020 – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece|archive-date=27 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=595482869989908481 |user=SpokespersonMoD |title=#Akash Made in India Surface-2-Air Missile, Akash, handed over to the #IndianArmy. |date=2015-05-05 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> The Army is scheduled to get two Akash regiments by 2017.<ref name=":21">{{cite news |last=ANI |date=5 May 2015 |title='Akash' air missile inducted into Indian Army arsenal |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/akash-air-missile-induced-into-indian-army-arsenal-115050500557_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816190251/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/akash-air-missile-induced-into-indian-army-arsenal-115050500557_1.html |archive-date=16 August 2016 |access-date=26 July 2016 |newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-05 |title=Surface-to-air missile Akash to be inducted into Indian Army today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/akash-missile-surface-to-air-missile-army-manohar-parrikar-251441-2015-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818031541/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akash-missile-surface-to-air-missile-army-manohar-parrikar/1/433681.html |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2025-06-09 |work=India Today}}</ref>

On 30 March 2016, Indian Army stated that Akash area defence missile systems did not meet its operational requirements for defending its strike corps against enemy air attacks in forward areas, and was not ordering any more regiments. The Army instead was opting for four Israeli Quick Reaction SAM (QRSAM) regiments.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Enough-of-Akash-says-Army-as-it-opts-for-Israeli-missiles/articleshow/51608406.cms |title=Enough of Akash, says Army as it opts for Israeli missiles – Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=30 March 2016 |access-date=14 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923215900/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Enough-of-Akash-says-Army-as-it-opts-for-Israeli-missiles/articleshow/51608406.cms |archive-date=23 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2016/03/indias-missile-program-in-peril-as-army.html |title=India's Missile Program in Peril as Army Dumps Rs 1,000 Cr Akash Missiles {{!}} Indian Defence News |website=indiandefensenews.in |access-date=14 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820203523/http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2016/03/indias-missile-program-in-peril-as-army.html |archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref>

In March 2017, it was reported that the procurement of two regiments of SR-SAM under a global tender has been dropped by the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) in favour of an advanced variant of Akash Weapon System.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-05-29 |title=More Akash systems for Army |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |archive-date=2017-08-27 |access-date=2025-02-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In May 2022, it was reported that the Indian Army is going to receive 2 regiments of Akash Prime systems. On 30 March 2023, the MoD signed contracts for procurement of 2 Regiments of improved Akash Weapon System with BDL at a cost over {{INRConvert|8160|c|lk=off|year=2023}}.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Aatmanirbhar Bharat: MoD inks over Rs 9,100 crore contracts for improved Akash Weapon System & 12 Weapon Locating Radars Swathi (Plains) for Indian Army |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1912309 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

The third and fourth regiment equipped with the improved Akash Weapon System was flagged of from the BEL facility by the Defence Minister of India, Rajnath Singh, on 16 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Raksha Mantri inaugurates Missile Integration facility at BEL, Bengaluru; Flags-off Akash 3rd and 4th Regiment Combat systems & unveils Mountain Fire Control Radar |date=16 February 2026 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2228831&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=17 February 2026}}</ref> On 26 March, Bharat Dynamics announced that it has completed the First Off Production Model (FOPM) of the Advanced Akash Weapon System. The system incorporates upgraded sub-systems. The FOPM validates the system before large-scale deliveries. The deliveries are expected to commence soon.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kahar |first=Ganesh |date=2026-03-26 |title=Bharat Dynamics Completes First‑Off Production of Advanced Akash Weapon System — 2026 Defence Milestone |url=https://www.psuconnect.in/psu-news/bharat-dynamics-completes-first-off-production-of-advanced-akash-weapon-system-2026-defence-milestone |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=PSU Connect |language=en}}</ref>

== Operational history == In June 2020, Indian Army deployed Akash air defence system along Line of Actual Control in Ladakh as tension rose with China during 2020 China–India skirmishes.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/ladakh-lac-akash-missile-air-defence-system-indian-army-china-latest-news-629727|title=India deploys Akash missiles at Ladakh LAC to tackle Chinese threat|access-date=27 June 2020|work=Manish Prasad|date=27 June 2020}}</ref>

During the 2025 India-Pakistan conflict, the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force deployed Akash defence systems.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-14 |title=Operation SINDOOR: The Rise of Aatmanirbhar Innovation in National Security |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128746 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516170223/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128746 |archive-date=2025-05-16 |access-date=2025-05-16 |work=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-07-27 |title=DRDO pushes for hypersonic edge against evolving air threats |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/drdo-pushes-for-hypersonic-edge-against-evolving-air-threats/article69861313.ece |access-date=2025-07-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=alphadefense.in |date=2025-05-13 |title=Akash Missile System: "Turkish Drone Slayer" |url=https://alphadefense.in/index.php/2025/05/13/akash-missile-system-protects-s400-operation-sindoor/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=alphadefense.in |language=en-US}}</ref> According to the Indian Army's Director General of Military Operations (DGMO), the Akash system displayed “stellar performance”; stating that it played a pivotal role in neutralizing aerial threats, including drones and missiles launched by Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-13 |title=Man behind Akash explains DRDO invention and how it destroyed Pak drones, missiles|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/man-behind-akash-explains-drdo-invention-and-how-it-destroyed-pak-drones-missiles-13887909.html|access-date=2025-05-13 |website=Firstpost|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-12 |title=Guardians Of The Sky - India's Integrated Air Defence That Outfoxed Pakistan|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/guardians-of-the-sky-indias-integrated-air-defence-that-outfoxed-pak-operation-sindoor-indian-air-force-akash-missile-8395760|access-date=2025-05-13 |website=NDTV|language=en}}</ref> According to Dr. B.K. Das, Director General for Electronics & Communication Systems at DRDO, Akash performed well during Operation Sindoor.<ref name=":72">{{Cite news |date=2025-07-01 |title=DRDO 2.0: From lasers to AI, top defence R&D official shares the big 'pizza' plan for India's next-gen warfare |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/drdo-2-0-from-lasers-to-ai-top-defence-rd-official-shares-the-big-pizza-plan-for-indias-next-gen-warfare/articleshow/122176893.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Export == On 30 December 2020, Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) chaired by Prime Minister cleared the exports of Akash missile defence system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mayank |date=2020-12-30 |title=Government approves export of indigenously developed missile Akash |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/Dec/30/government-approves-export-of-indigenously-developed-missile-akash-2243247.html |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Armenia === thumb|Armenian Akash in Yerevan Armenia signed a deal, worth {{INRConvert|6000|c|lk=on|year=2022}}, with Bharat Dynamics Limited in 2022 for the supply of unknown numbers of Akash Weapon System and 15 Ashwin Air Defence Systems. The entire Air Defence Systems will be deployed within 4 to 5 years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=EXCLUSIVE {{!}} Indian defence triumph: Bharat Dynamics secures major deal from Armenia amidst global achievements, say sources |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-indian-defence-triumph-bharat-dynamics-secures-major-deal-from-armenia-amidst-global-achievements-say-sources-269201 |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Zee Business |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Assessing Armenia's Military Diversification Efforts: Partnerships with India and France |url=https://rcds.am/assessing-armenias-military-diversification-efforts-partnerships-with-india-and-france.html |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Regional Center for Democracy and Security |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Armenia Has Quietly Acquired 15 Ashwin Ballistic Missile Defence Interceptors From India |url=https://ground.news/article/armenia-has-quietly-acquired-15-ashwin-ballistic-missile-defence-interceptors-from-india |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Ground News |date=23 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

As of November 2023, the delivery of the Akash 1S system was expected to begin from Q2 2024<ref name=":53">{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Ajit |date=19 December 2023 |title=After Armenia order, Philippines, Brazil, Egypt showing interest in Akash air defence missile system |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/after-armenia-order-philippines-brazil-egypt-showing-interest-in-akash-air-defence-missile-system20231219204039/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231226010323/https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/after-armenia-order-philippines-brazil-egypt-showing-interest-in-akash-air-defence-missile-system20231219204039/ |archive-date=26 December 2023 |access-date=19 December 2023 |work=ANI}}</ref><ref name="ET-2012232">{{cite web |last=Pubby |first=Manu |date=2023-12-20 |title=India to Export Air Defence System to Armenia |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/epaper/delhicapital/2023/dec/20/et-poli/india-to-export-air-defence-system-to-armenia/articleshow/106135170.cms |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> but was later shifted to 2024-end by August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=India is set to commence the delivery of its indigenously developed Akash 1S air defence missile system to Armenia, its first foreign buyer |url=https://armenpress.am/en/article/1197329 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=ARMENPRESS Armenian News Agency |language=en}}</ref>

The first Akash battery (Armenian variant) was finally delivered on 12 November 2024. A battery included 4 launchers and a Rajendra radar.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mayank |date=2024-11-12 |title=India ships first Akash air defence missile system battery to Armenia |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Nov/12/india-ships-first-akash-air-defence-missile-system-battery-to-armenia |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-12 |title=India's Growing Defence Exports: Akash Missile System for Armenia and Beyond |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-indias-growing-defence-exports-akash-missile-system-for-armenia-and-beyond-3662961/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

The second batch of Akash-1S air defense systems will be delivered in June 2025.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-12 |title=India to deliver second batch of Akash missile systems to Armenia |url=https://www.azernews.az/region/241671.html |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Azernews.Az |language=en}}</ref>

=== Potential users ===

==== Philippines ==== As reported in March 2023, the Akash Weapon System was on offer for the Philippine Navy (operated through the Philippine Marine Corps) under their planned Shore-Based Air Defense Missile System Acquisition Project.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Resource |first=Philippine Defense |title=Shore-Based Air Defense Missile System Acquisition Project of the Philippine Navy |url=https://www.phdefresource.com/2019/12/shore-based-air-defense-missile-system.html |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Philippine Defense Resource}}</ref>

The Philippine government is expected to place an order for Akash SAM worth $200 million in 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-13 |title=Exclusive: India expects $200 million missile deal with Philippines this year, sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-expects-200-million-missile-deal-with-philippines-this-year-sources-say-2025-02-13/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-13 |title=India, Philippines deal likely on cards to sell Akash missiles for $200 million |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/india-philippines-deal-likely-on-cards-to-sell-akash-missiles-for-200-million-464549-2025-02-13 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>{{needs update|date=May 2026}}

=== Sudan === In 2022, Akash SAM was seen in a Sudanese Military Exhibition which showcased weapon systems operated by the Sudanese Armed Forces. In 2023, the Indian Ministry of Defence mentioned Akash in the list of multiple exported items, sparking speculations of the system's maiden export to Sudan.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=Aatmanirbharta on the rise: Defence exports reach an all-time high of approx. Rs 16,000 crore in Financial Year 2022-23; Over 10-times increase since 2016-17; India exporting to over 85 countries |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1912885 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=ظهر في المعرض العسكري للجيش السوداني صاروخ الدفاع الجوي الهندي AKASH والذي بات يعمل في الخدمة في قوات الدفاع الجوي السودانية. |url=https://twitter.com/Sudanesearmy1/status/1558807962247897088?s=20 |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=Twitter}}{{better source needed|date=July 2025}}</ref>

==== United Arab Emirates ==== In October 2018, a report suggested that the United Arab Emirates had shown interest in the missile system.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 October 2018 |title=Make in India gets a boost! UAE expresses interest in the Akash surface-to-air missile system |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/make-in-india-gets-a-boost-uae-expresses-interest-in-the-akash-surface-to-air-missile-system/1354325/ |access-date=19 October 2018 |publisher=Financial Express}}</ref>

Further, in April 2025, India officially offered the Akash missile system to UAE Armed Forces.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-09 |title=India offers Akash defence missile system to UAE |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajnath-offers-made-in-india-akash-defence-missile-system-to-uae/articleshow/120107195.cms |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==== Others ==== It was also reported in the media that Belarus, Malaysia,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-01-09 |title=India, Russia yet to reach breakthrough on Gorshkov |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-russia-yet-to-reach-breakthrough-on-gorshkov/articleshow/2686282.cms |access-date=2025-02-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Vietnam<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-09 |title=Wary of China, India offers Akash surface-to-air missile systems to Vietnam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/wary-of-china-india-offers-akash-missile-to-vietnam-both-countries-crank-up-their-bilateral-military-relations/articleshow/56410196.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110023649/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/wary-of-china-india-offers-akash-missile-to-vietnam-both-countries-crank-up-their-bilateral-military-relations/articleshow/56410196.cms |archive-date=2017-01-10 |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> have shown interest in purchasing the Akash missile system.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 October 2022 |title=Armenia eyes Akash missile, loitering munitions from India amid conflict with Azerbaijan |website=ThePrint |url=https://theprint.in/defence/armenia-eyes-akash-missile-loitering-munitions-from-india-amid-conflict-with-azerbaijan/1173468/}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Orpiano |first=Pitz |date=13 March 2022 |title=India's Akash Air Defense Missile System Offer for the Philippine Navy |url=https://www.pitzdefanalysis.net/2022/02/indias-akash-air-defense-missile-system-for-pn.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pitz Defense Analysis}}</ref>

As per reports in December 2023, Egypt has also shown interest as per defence official.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Ritu |date=2023-12-15 |title=Akash Missile: Armenia Emerges Prime Contender As BDL Order Book Shows Export Order For Indian SAMs |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/akash-missiles-armenia-emerges-prime-contender/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=The Eurasian Times}}</ref>

== Operators ==

thumb|300px|Map of Akash operators in blue ;{{flag|India}} * Indian Air Force – 8 Akash Mk1 and 7 Akash 1S squadrons<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":10" /> in service (8 launchers per squadron)<ref name=":11">{{cite press release |title=MINISTRY OF DEFENCE – YEAR END REVIEW 2023 |date=2023-12-22 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1989502 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228062022/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1989502 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |work=Ministry of Defence|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IAF orders another 750 Akash SAMs |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/iaf-orders-another-750-akash-sams/story-64d5JQejA3LGa5NJGbnVtL.html |work=The Hindustan Times |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=2 February 2010|access-date=4 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044126/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/iaf-orders-another-750-akash-sams/story-64d5JQejA3LGa5NJGbnVtL.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> ** No. 2401 Squadron at Gwalior AFS.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=2031701175146537457 |user=AnchitGupta9 |title=When Akash batteries were deployed during Op Sindoor, they validated four decades of indigenous development. On the 15th anniversary of its induction with No. 2401 Sqn, IAF today, a commemoration of the system that ended India's sole dependence on foreign SAMs.(1/10) #IAFHistory |first=Gupta |last=Anchit |date=2026-03-11 |access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=No.2401 Squadron, Indian Air Force - Database |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/2401%20Sqn |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> ** One Mk1 squadron at Lohegaon AFS.<ref name=":10" /> ** Six Mk1 squadrons under the Eastern Air Command.<ref name=":1" /> * Indian Army – 2 Akash Mk1 regiments in service (24 launchers per regiment). 2 Akash Prime regiments in service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1912309|title=Aatmanirbhar Bharat: MoD inks over Rs 9,100 crore contracts for improved Akash Weapon System & 12 Weapon Locating Radars Swathi (Plains) for Indian Army|publisher=PIB India|date=30 March 2023}}</ref> ** 128 AD Missile Regiment ** 27 AD Missile Regiment (Amritsar Airfield)

{{flag|Armenia}} * Armenian Armed Forces – 1 battery (4 launchers) delivered as of November 2024. The second batch of Akash-1S air defense systems will be delivered in June 2025.<ref name=":14" /> Unknown numbers on order.<ref name=":5" />

===Failed Contracts=== {{flag|Brazil}}: Brazil reported interest in acquiring the Akash in December 2023.<ref name=":52">{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Ajit |date=19 December 2023 |title=After Armenia order, Philippines, Brazil, Egypt showing interest in Akash air defence missile system |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/after-armenia-order-philippines-brazil-egypt-showing-interest-in-akash-air-defence-missile-system20231219204039/ |access-date=19 December 2023 |work=ANI}}</ref> As of July 2025, Brazil has dropped the Akash from consideration due to citing its lacklustre performance in key operational parameters opting to potentially acquire the EMADS system.<ref name="dsaak">{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-07-12 |title=Brazil Ditches India's Akash for NATO-Proven EMADS in USD 1 Billion Air Defence Pivot |url=https://defencesecurityasia.com/en/brazil-selects-emads-over-akash-air-defence-nato-vs-india/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=Defence Security Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref> Indian sources, echoing local media, note that Brazil found the Akash system “less suited” to neutralising high-speed, low-altitude threats that are increasingly common in hybrid warfare scenarios, including drone swarms and precision-guided munitions.<ref name="dsaak"/>

==See also== {{Portal|India|Rocketry}} {{Div col |colwidth=22em}} *{{lwc|Trishul (missile)|Trishul}} *{{lwc|Maitri (missile)|Maitri}} *{{lwc|Project Kusha (air defence system)|Project Kusha}} *{{lwc|Barak 8}} *{{lwc|Akash-NG}} *{{lwc|VL-SRSAM}} *{{lwc|Advanced Air Defence}} (AAD) *{{lwc|Prithvi Air Defence}} (PAD) *{{lwc|Anant Shastra}} {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{Commons category}}  * {{Official website|http://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/bnews/jan08/akash_test.htm}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YpHtSQmfxM Video of Akash missile tests] * {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20080228145114/http://www.drdo.org/dpi/prahlada_interview.html Interview with Dr. Prahlada from DRDO]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Akash Missile}} Category:Surface-to-air missiles of India Category:Post–Cold War weapons of India Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 2009