For the song by Central Cee, see 23 (mixtape).
Airbnb, Inc.
Public
IndustryLodging
Traded as
FoundedAugust 2008 (age 18) in San Francisco, California, U.S.
Founders
Hq locationSan Francisco, California, U.S.
Area servedWorldwide
Key people
  • Brian Chesky (CEO)
  • Nathan Blecharczyk (CSO)
Subsidiaries
  • Luxury Retreats International Inc.
  • Tilt.com
  • Accomable
  • Aibiying
  • Trooly, Inc.
  • Deco Software Inc.
  • Trip4real Experiences, S.L.
  • Larson8, Inc.
  • MarketLog, Randorphire Inc.
  • HotelTonight
Services
RevenueUS$12.2 billion (2025)
Operating incomeUS$2.54 billion (2025)
Net incomeUS$2.51 billion (2025)
AssetsUS$22.2 billion (2025)
EquityUS$8.20 billion (2025)
Owner
  • Brian Chesky (10.7% economic; 31.9% voting)
  • Nathan Blecharczyk (9.9% economic; 31.1% voting)
  • Joe Gebbia (5.6% economic; 17.6% voting)
Num employees8,200 (2025)
Websiteairbnb.com

Airbnb, Inc. (/ˌɛərbiːɛnˈbiː/ AIR-bee-en-BEE, an abbreviation of its original name, "Airbed and Breakfast"[1][2]) is an American company operating an online marketplace for short-and-long-term homestays, experiences and services in various countries and regions. It acts as a broker and charges a commission from each booking. Airbnb was founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Nathan Blecharczyk, and Joe Gebbia.[3][4]

History

In October 2007, in San Francisco, to help fund their rent payments, roommates and former schoolmates Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia came up with an idea of putting an air mattress in their living room and turning it into a bed and breakfast during a conference held by the Industrial Designers Society of America, when travelers had a hard time finding lodging in the city.[5][6] After the idea was very successful, the pair realized that they had a possible business idea. In February 2008, Nathan Blecharczyk, Chesky's former roommate, joined as the chief technology officer and the third co-founder of the new venture, which they named "AirBed & Breakfast".[6][7] They put together a website that offered short-term living quarters and breakfast for those who were unable to book a hotel in the saturated market.[6] The site Airbedandbreakfast.com was launched on August 11, 2008.[8][9]

After the founders raised $30,000 by selling cereal named after the two candidates of the 2008 United States presidential election, Barack Obama and John McCain, mostly at the 2008 Democratic National Convention,[10][11][12] computer programmer Paul Graham invited the founders to the January 2009 winter training session of his startup incubator, Y Combinator, which provided them with training and $20,000 in funding in exchange for a 6% interest in the company.[6][13][14] With the website already built, they used the Y Combinator investment to fly to New York to meet users and promote the site.[12] They returned to San Francisco with a profitable business model to present to West Coast investors. By March 2009, the site had 10,000 users and 2,500 listings.[15]

In March 2009, the name of the company was shortened to Airbnb.com to eliminate confusion over air mattresses.[6] At the March 2011 South by Southwest conference, Airbnb won the "app" award.[16] In July 2014, Airbnb revealed design revisions to the site and mobile app and introduced a new logo.[17][18] It also announced a partnership with Concur, an expense reporting service for businesses.[19]

In 2014, linguist Mark Liberman criticized the extreme length of the legal agreements that Airbnb members are required to accept, with the site's terms of service, privacy policy, and other policies amounting to "55081 words, or about the size of a short novel, though much less readable".[20]

In April 2015, following the easing of restrictions on U.S. businesses to operate in Cuba, Airbnb expanded to Cuba, making it one of the first U.S. companies to do so.[21][22] In July 2016, former Attorney General Eric Holder was hired to help craft an anti-discrimination policy for Airbnb after reports showed that hosts were refusing to accept lodging requests from guests whose names suggested that they were black.[23] As part of the reform, photos of prospective guests are hidden from hosts until requests for lodging are accepted.[24]

In November 2016, Airbnb launched "experiences", whereby users can use the platform to book activities.[25] In January 2017, along with serial entrepreneurs Gary Vaynerchuk, Ben Leventhal and Mike Montero, Airbnb led a $13 million investment in Resy, a restaurant reservation-booking app.[26] In May 2017, the company launched Airbnbmag, a magazine co-published with Hearst Communications.[27]

In August 2017, Airbnb cancelled numerous bookings, and closed accounts belonging to attendees of the white supremacist Unite the Right rally organized by Jason Kessler in Charlottesville, Virginia, citing its terms of service in which members must "accept people regardless of their race, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, or age."[28][29]

In February 2018, the company announced Airbnb Plus, a collection of homes vetted for quality of services, comfort and design,[30] as well as Beyond by Airbnb, which offers luxury vacation rentals.[31] By October 2019, two million people were staying with Airbnb each night.[32] In April 2019, Airbnb produced and financed Gay Chorus Deep South, a documentary launched by its Rausch Street Films division. The rights were sold to MTV, which aired the program on its network.[33][34][35]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, bookings dropped as much as 96% in some cities.[36] However, bookings rose in many rural areas.[37] The company pledged $250 million in payouts to hosts to compensate them for guest cancellations due to the pandemic.[38][39] The company also laid off approximately 1,900 employees, or about 25% of its workforce in the Americas, Europe, and Asia due to the pandemic.[40][41] On December 10, 2020, Airbnb became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $3.5 billion on Nasdaq.[42] Shares valued at $238 million were offered to hosts on the platform at the price of $68 per share.[43]

Airbnb was one of the 15 leading sponsors of the 2022 Winter Olympics, held in Beijing, and was asked by human rights activists and groups to drop its sponsorship in March 2021 as part of diplomatic and activist boycotts over alleged human rights violations by the Chinese Communist Party, in particular the persecution of Uyghurs in China. These requests were ignored by the company.[44][45]

In March 2022, Airbnb suspended business in Russia and Belarus due to international sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[46][47]

In May 2022, Airbnb ceased operations in China because of complicated and expensive laws and regulations that required Airbnb to send detailed information on guests to the government of China, which can be used to track people, as well as a decline in business due to COVID-19 lockdowns; China represented less than 1% of revenue for Airbnb.[48] Airbnb was accused of being too willing to provide information to Chinese authorities, which led to the resignation of an Airbnb executive, who was also a former deputy director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in 2019 after 6 months of working.[49][50] Airbnb had also been accused of allowing listings on land owned by the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, a Chinese state-owned paramilitary entity sanctioned under the Magnitsky Act for involvement in the persecution of Uyghurs in China.[51][52] In 2019, certain hosts in China were accused of discrimination by refusing to rent to Uyghurs.[53]

After temporarily banning parties in homes rented on the platform in August 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[54] in June 2022, Airbnb announced that it would permanently ban parties and events in homes on its platform, a position supported by hosts and their neighbors who complained of nuisances at Airbnb properties.[55] In August 2022, Airbnb rolled out technology to enforce this ban.[56]

In January 2021, Airbnb allowed attendees of the January 6 United States Capitol attack to book units on the platform in the Washington metropolitan area, despite most hotels in the vicinity of Capitol Hill banning far-right extremists.[57] After the possibility of further violence during the Inauguration of Joe Biden, Airbnb announced the day after the January 6 United States Capitol attack that it was banning all bookings in the region prior to the inauguration.[58]

In February 2025, Airbnb cofounder and board member Joe Gebbia joined the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE).[59] Concern that Gebbia's work for DOGE undermines U.S. democracy resulted in calls to boycott Airbnb.[60]

In June 2025, Airbnb became a sponsor of the FIFA Club World Cup in a 3-year partnership to offer "official fan accommodation" at the 2026 FIFA World Cup, which the US is co-hosting with Canada and Mexico, and the 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup in Brazil.[61][62]

Acquisitions

DateCompanyNotes
1May 2011AccoleoGerman competitor; launched the first international Airbnb office, in Hamburg[63][64]
2March 2012CrashPadderAdded 6,000 international listings to its existing inventory; made Airbnb the largest lodging website in the United Kingdom.[65][66]
3November 2012NabeWiseOnline city guide that aggregates curated information for specified locations; shifted the company's focus toward offering hyperlocal recommendations to travelers[67][68]
4December 2012LocalmindA location-based question and answer platform[69]
5September 2015VamoImmediately shut down the company, acquiring its employees[70][71]
6September 2015LapkaSensor startup[72]
7September 2016Trip4realTravel activities marketplace[73]
8February 2017Luxury Retreats InternationalCanadian-based villa rental company; price was $300 million in cash and stock[74][75]
9February 2017Tilt.comA social payment startup[76]
10November 2017AccomableStartup focused on travel accessibility[77][78]
11November 2017AdBasisAdvertising technology platform built for A/B testing and multivariate ad testing[79]
12January 2019GaestBased in Aarhus, Denmark; provides a platform for posting and booking venues for meetings and other events[80]
13March 2019HotelTonightWebsite for booking last-minute hotel rooms; price was $400 million[81][82]
14August 2019UrbandoorGlobal online marketplace that offers extended stays to corporate clients[83][84]
15November 2023GamePlanner.AIAI startup[85]

Corporate office history

In October 2011, Airbnb established an office in London, its first international office.[86] In early 2012, Airbnb opened offices in Paris, Milan, Barcelona, Copenhagen, Moscow, and São Paulo.[87] These openings were in addition to existing offices in San Francisco, London, Hamburg, and Berlin.[88] In September 2013, the company announced that it would establish its European headquarters in Dublin.[89][90]

In November 2012, Airbnb opened an office in Sydney, its 11th office location, and announced plans to launch the service in Thailand and Indonesia.[91] In December 2012, Airbnb opened an office in Singapore.[92] In April 2022, Airbnb instituted a policy of unlimited remote working for almost all its employees.[93]

Share sales, corporate borrowing and valuation history

In April 2009, the company received $600,000 in seed money from Sequoia Capital, with Youniversity Ventures partners Jawed Karim, Keith Rabois, and Kevin Hartz participating.[94] Shares were sold for $0.01 each.[95]

In November 2010, Greylock Partners and Sequoia Capital invested $7.2 million in a Series A round. Shares were sold for $0.21 each (split adjusted).[95]

In July 2011, Andreessen Horowitz, Digital Sky Technologies, General Catalyst, and A Grade Investments partners Ashton Kutcher and Guy Oseary invested $112 million in the company.[96][13] Shares were sold for $3.21 each (split adjusted).[95]

In April 2014, TPG Capital invested $450 million in the company at a valuation of $10 billion.[97] Additional funding was provided by Andreessen Horowitz, Sequoia Capital, Dragoneer Investment Group, T. Rowe Price, and Sherpa Capital.[98] Shares in this round were sold for $20.36 each (split adjusted).[95]

In June 2015, General Atlantic, Hillhouse Capital Group, Tiger Management, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, GGV Capital, China Broadband Capital, and Horizons Ventures invested $1.5 billion in the company.[99][100] Shares in this round were sold for $46.55 each (split adjusted).[95]

In September 2016, Google Capital and Technology Crossover Ventures invested $555.5 million in the company at a valuation of $30 billion.[101] Shares in this round were sold for $52.50 each (split adjusted).[95]

In March 2017, Airbnb raised $1 billion in funding, bringing total funding raised to more than $3 billion and valuing the company at $31 billion.[102] Shares in this round were sold for $52.50 each (split adjusted).[95]

In April 2020, Silver Lake and Sixth Street Partners acquired $1 billion in shares in the company at an $18 billion valuation[103] and $1 billion in debt at interest rates of 9%–11.5%.[104]

Corporate affairs

Finances

The key trends for Airbnb are (as at the financial year ending December 31):[105]

YearRevenue
(US$ bn)		Net income
(US$ m)		Total assets
(US$ bn)[106]		Employees[107]Sources
20140.4
20150.9
20161.7[108][109]
20172.6−70.56.0
20183.6−16.86.6
20194.8−6748.35,465[110]
20203.3−4,58410.45,597
20215.9−35213.76,132
20228.31,89316.06,811[111][112][113]
20239.94,80020.66,907[114][115]
202411.12,65020.97,300

Sales by market

2024 revenue by geographic region:[116]

RegionRevenue
(US$ bn)		Share
North America5.0145.1%
Europe, the Middle East and Africa4.1437.3%
Asia-Pacific0.998.9%
Latin America0.978.7%
Total11.1100%

Board of Directors

From Airbnb’s governance section, the following individuals serve on the Board of Directors in 2025:[117]

Other notable attributes

Airbnb does not have a loyalty program, in part attributed to its lack of business customers.[118]

Airbnb features a review system in which guests and hosts can rate and review each other after a stay; reviews are not visible until both host and guest have submitted reviews or until the time period to review has closed, a system that aims to improve accuracy and objectivity by removing fears that users will receive a negative review in retaliation if they write one. However, the truthfulness and impartiality of reviews may be adversely affected by concerns that the reviews are not anonymous and prospective hosts may refuse to host a user who generally leaves negative reviews.[119][120][121]

Philanthropy

Through Airbnb.org, the company facilitates and provides free and discounted stays to people impacted by emergencies such as natural disasters, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russo-Ukrainian war in partnership with the International Organization for Migration. It was founded in 2012 with $6 million and 400,000 shares of Airbnb stock from the co-founders of Airbnb.[122]

Lawsuits after incidents at properties

In very rare cases, Airbnb has been sued for safety issues that have occurred at properties rented via the platform including murder,[123] sexual assault,[124] drowning,[125] and extortion by hosts.[126] Airbnb argues it is merely an intermediary; however, victims have successfully sued for negligence when the company was aware of dangerous conditions and failed to act, or due to host liability. Airbnb has noted that its background checks should not be relied on to identify "all past criminal convictions or sex offender registrations … or other red flags" and that convictions for "murder, terrorism, rape or child molestation" are not automatic disqualifiers for a host.[127]

In 2021, the company paid $7 million to an Australian guest who was raped at knifepoint in New York City on New Year's Eve 2015 at a property rented via the platform.[128]

While all indoor cameras are prohibited on properties listed on Airbnb, even if disclosed, a report by CNN noted that the company "consistently fails to protect its guests despite knowing hidden cameras are a persistent concern within its industry" and Airbnb has been sued several times after guests found hidden cameras in properties rented via the platform.[127]

Complicity with price gouging

A lawsuit was filed in July 2025 against Airbnb alleging that it was complicit in price gouging by hosts after the 2025 California wildfires. The lawsuit is still in its early stages.[129]

Failure to provide required information to governments

Airbnb has been sued by governments for failure to turn over required information for enforcement of laws related to illegal rentals and collection of hotel tax. These include disputes with New York City,[130][131] Boston,[132] Miami,[133] and Belgium.[134]

Legality of service fees in the Netherlands

In March 2020, a subdistrict court ruling in the Netherlands found that Airbnb charging service fees to both the host and the guest was illegal and that the 30,000 people who had rented as guests have a right for reimbursement if they file claims. Airbnb filed countersuits in an attempt to gain clarity on the ruling.[135]

Weak policy against hate groups

In May 2024, a former Airbnb contractor alleged in a whistleblower complaint filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission and Federal Trade Commission that the company had weakened its policies against extremists and members of hate groups and dissolved its team that handled removing them from the platform. Airbnb denied the allegations.[136][137] Examples include the reversal of the decision to remove the parents of Canadian far-right activist Lauren Southern from its platform after complaints by conservative media outlets.[137]

Proposed removal of listings in Israeli settlements

See also: List of companies operating in West Bank settlements

In November 2018, Airbnb announced that it would remove the approximately 200 "listings in Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank that are at the core of the dispute between Israelis and Palestinians". However, after affected property owners filed lawsuits against Airbnb in both Israel and the United States alleging discrimination based on place of residence, in April 2019, the company reversed its plans to remove listings in the West Bank and instead promised to donate any profits from these listings to non-profit organizations dedicated to humanitarian aid.[138][139][140]

On February 12, 2020, Airbnb was included on a list of companies operating in West Bank settlements involved in activities that "raised particular human rights concerns" published by the United Nations Human Rights Council. The company was categorized under "the provision of services and utilities supporting the maintenance and existence of settlements".[141][142]

See also

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Further reading

  • Stone, Brad (2017). The Upstarts: How Uber, Airbnb, and the Killer Companies of the New Silicon Valley Are Changing the World. 1st ed. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-38839-9. OCLC 953598607