{{Short description|President of Somaliland from 2010 to 2017}} {{patronymic name}} {{Lead too short|date=November 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = | name = Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud | nickname = Silanyo | office = 4th President of Somaliland | image = Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud 2 (3x4 cropped).jpg | caption = Mohamoud in 2011 | vice_president = Abdirahman Saylici | term_start = 27 July 2010 | term_end = 13 December 2017 | predecessor = Dahir Riyale Kahin | successor = Muse Bihi Abdi | office1 = Chairman of Peace, Unity, and Development Party | term_start1 = 2002 | term_end1 = 2010 | predecessor1 = Position established | successor1 = Muse Bihi Abdi | office2 = 9th Minister of Finance | term_start2 = 1997 | term_end2 = 1999<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://slmof.org/former-ministers|title=Ministry of Finance of Somaliland − Former Ministers |website=Ministry of Finance|access-date=12 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> | president2 = Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal | predecessor2 = Yusuf Ainab Muse | successor2 = Mohamed Said Mohamed | office3 = Somaliland House of Representatives | term_start3 = 1993 | term_end3 = 1996 | office4 = Chairman of the Somali National Movement | term_start4 = 9 August 1984<ref>{{Cite book| url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/somaliasomaliland-1960-present/| title=37. Somalia/Somaliland (1960–present)}}</ref> | term_end4 = April 1990 | predecessor4 = Colonel Abdiqadir Kosar Abdi | successor4 = Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur | office5 = Minister of Commerce of the Somali Democratic Republic | president5 = Mohamed Siad Barre | term_start5 = 1980 | term_end5 = 1982 | president6 = Mohamed Siad Barre | term_start6 = 1973 | term_end6 = 1978 | office7 = Minister of Planning and International Cooperation of the Somali Republic | president7 = Mohamed Siad Barre | term_start7 = 1965 | term_end7 = 1973 | birth_date = 1 June 1938 | birth_place = Burao, British Somaliland<br/>(now Somaliland) | death_date = {{death date and given age|2024|11|15|86|df=yes}} | death_place = Hargeisa, Somaliland | citizenship = Somaliland | party = {{nobr|Peace, Unity, and Development}} | spouse = Amina-Weris Sh. Mohamed | alma_mater = SOS Sheikh Secondary School<br />University of Manchester | signature = Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Silanyo signature.svg | native_name_lang = | native_name = {{nobold|احمد محمد محمود }}<br> {{lang|ar|Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud}} }}
'''Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud''' ({{langx|so|Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud}}, {{langx|ar|احمد محمد محمود}}; 1 June 1938 – 15 November 2024), known by his nickname '''Silanyo''' ({{langx|ar|سيلانيو}}), was a Somaliland politician who served as the President of Somaliland from 2010 to 2017. During the 1980s, he served as the Chairman of the Somali National Movement.<ref name="Bbmserrsinp">{{cite news|title=Somaliland Election Results Released: Siilaanyo Is New President|newspaper=Bridge Business Magazine|date=3 August 2010}}</ref>
Silanyo was a long-time member of the former Somali Republic and later the Somali Democratic Republic central government. He held several key positions, including serving as Minister of Commerce of the Somali Republic.
Standing as an opposition candidate, he was elected as President of Somaliland in Somaliland's 2010 presidential election.<ref name="afp_2010-07-01">{{cite news |title=Opposition leader elected Somaliland president |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j8hma5FaM4Jn8UUVlRwwK18hpStQ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525021524/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j8hma5FaM4Jn8UUVlRwwK18hpStQ |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2012 |agency=AFP |access-date=1 July 2010}}</ref>
==Background==
===Early life===
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud was born in 1938 in the Mid Eastern town of Burco, situated in what was then the former British Somaliland protectorate.<ref name="Bbmserrsinp"/> Nicknamed "Silanyo" (meaning lizard in Somali),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohamed |first=MOHAMED-ABDI |date=1992 |title=HISTOIRE DES CROYANCES EN SOMALIE Religions traditionnelles et religions du Livre |url=https://segments.noblogs.org/files/2014/08/Histoire-des-croyances-en-Somalie-M.-Mohamed-Abdi-1992-Mohamed-Mohamed-Abdi.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916041752/https://segments.noblogs.org/files/2014/08/Histoire-des-croyances-en-Somalie-M.-Mohamed-Abdi-1992-Mohamed-Mohamed-Abdi.pdf |archive-date=16 September 2017 |website=Centre de Recherches d'Histoire Ancienne |page=70}}</ref> he hailed from the Adan Madobe sub-division of the Habar Jeclo clan of Isaaq clan-family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Höhne |first=Markus Virgil |title=Between Somaliland and Puntland : marginalization, militarization and conflicting political vision |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-907431-13-5 |location=London |pages=90 |oclc=976483444}}</ref><ref name="Lewisbab">{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=I.M.|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society|year=1994|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=0932415938|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bloodbonecallofk00ioan/page/211 211212|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodbonecallofk00ioan|url-access=registration}}</ref> Mohamoud is the third child of six. His father was a merchant marine; so the family lived a half-nomadic, half-settled lifestyle. He was the only child in the family to attend a formal education, fostered by an uncle who was a strong influence on his early life. His brothers followed their father's footsteps as merchant marines. He was Muslim.<ref name="Legum">{{cite book|last=Legum|first=Colin|title=Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents, Volume 20|year=1989|publisher=Africa Research Limited|page=B-394|isbn=9780841905580|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2MfiAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
===Education===
Between 1946 and 1957, Mohamoud studied at schools in Sheikh, Somaliland and Amud, where he completed his secondary levels.<ref name="Bbmserrsinp"/> Upon graduation, he moved to England to pursue higher studies. From 1958 to 1960, Mohamoud enrolled in London University and obtained an advanced General Certificate of Education (GCE). He then studied at University of Manchester, where he earned both a Bachelor's Degree (1960–1963) and a Master's Degree (1963–1965) in Economics.<ref name="Bbmserrsinp"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Nololeed |first=Taariikh |url=http://www.kulmiye.com/news.asp?p=03010100 |title=Ahmed Silanyo: CV |publisher=Kumilye Party |date=January 2003 |access-date=9 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726164502/http://www.kulmiye.com/news.asp?p=03010100 |archive-date=26 July 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Personal life and death===
He met his wife, Amina-Weris Sh. Mohamed, in the late 1960s. Like him, she completed her education as a registered nurse and midwife in England. They married in Mogadishu in 1968.<ref name="FGM">{{cite news |url=http://nafisnetwork.net/index.php/resources/2-h-e-amina-weris-sheikh-mohamed-first-lady-republic-of-somaliland-remarks-to-girl-summit-2014 |title=H.E. Amina-Weris Sheikh Mohamed First Lady, Republic of Somaliland Remarks to Girl Summit 2014 |publisher=Nafis Network |date=June 2016 |access-date=9 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911205438/http://nafisnetwork.net/index.php/resources/2-h-e-amina-weris-sheikh-mohamed-first-lady-republic-of-somaliland-remarks-to-girl-summit-2014 |archive-date=11 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Mohamoud died in Hargeisa, Somaliland on 13 November 2024, at the age of 86.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/national/89978/former-somaliland-president-siilaanyo-is-dead|title=Former Somaliland President Siilaanyo is dead|date=15 November 2024 |publisher=East Leigh Voice|accessdate=15 November 2024}}</ref>
==Political career==
===General===
thumb|upright|left|Mohamoud in 1975
In a professional capacity, between 1965 and 1969, Mohamoud served as an official at the Ministry of Planning and Coordination in Mogadishu during Somalia's early civilian administration. He was also the national Minister of Planning and Coordination (1969–1973), Minister of Commerce (1973–1978 and 1980–1982), and the Chairman of the National Economic Board (1978–1980) in the succeeding socialist government.<ref name="Bbmserrsinp"/><ref name="Cwlamms">{{cite journal|last=International Academy at Santa Barbara|title=Somalia|journal=Current World Leaders|year=1981|volume=24|issue=1–6|page=152|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IiUaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> Although a member of Siad Barre's cabinet for many years, he was believed to not be involved in any acts of violence and embezzlement.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&dq=somali+national+movement&pg=PA177|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society|date=1994|publisher=The Red Sea Press|isbn=978-0-932415-93-6|language=en}}</ref> Therefore, allowing him to satisfy both the government and opposition at the time, paving way for his chairmanship of the Somali National Movement.<ref name=":0" />
From 1984 to 1990, Mohamoud was the Chairman of the Somali National Movement (SNM), serving as the liberation group's longest-serving chairman.<ref name="Legum"/><ref name="Apttsnm">{{cite web|last=Silanyo |first=Ahmed M. |title=A Proposal to the Somali National Movement: On a Framework for a Transitional Government in Somalia |url=http://wardheernews.com/Articles_2010/October/Ahmed_Silanyo/Proposal_to_SNM.pdf |publisher=Wardheernews |access-date=15 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511090753/http://wardheernews.com/Articles_2010/October/Ahmed_Silanyo/Proposal_to_SNM.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2012}}</ref>
Between 1993 and 1997, Mohamoud was a member of the House of Representatives of Somaliland. He also worked as the Somaliland Minister of Finance from 1997 to 1999, in which position he initiated a program of fiscal reform. Between 1999 and 2000, Mohamoud served as Somaliland's Minister of Planning and Coordination, a position from which he resigned in 2001.<ref name="Bbmserrsinp"/><ref name="HIST">{{cite news |last=Nololeed |first=Taariikh |url=http://www.kulmiye.com/news.asp?p=03010100 |title=Ahmed Silanyo: CV |publisher=Kumilye Party |date=January 2003 |access-date=7 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726164502/http://www.kulmiye.com/news.asp?p=03010100 |archive-date=26 July 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Prominent seminars, symposia, conferences===
During his years of public service, Mohamoud participated in a broad array of forums relating to a variety of developmental aspects of the world. He utilizing training programs under the patronage of United Nations (United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)), as well as benefiting from a Leadership Grant organized by the African-American Institute that related to developmental fields, including visits to various regional state and federal governmental bodies throughout the United States.<ref name="HIST"/>
;Conferences attended
* United Nations, Organization of African Union (OAU){{citation needed|date=November 2024}} * The Arab League{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} * Islamic and Non-Aligned Movement Conferences{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} * Somalian congress in diaspora on behalf of Somalian government{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
;Leader of Somalian delegation * UN Special Sessions, New York, NY{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} * OAU, Arab League, European Economic Commission (EEC), and the ministerial meetings of the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (ACP).{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} * The 1976 Non-Aligned Conference, Lima, Peru{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} * United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in Nairobi, Kenya, 1977<ref name="HIST"/>
===Roles during the Somaliland Nationhood Government===
====1982–1984: Chairman of Somali National Movement (SNM), UK Branch====
During the earlier years of the SNM, Mohamoud established offices and organized SNM committees throughout Europe, North America, and the Arab World to raise international awareness of the liberation movement and the brutality of Somalia's Siyad Barre regime against its own people through presentations to international human rights groups, the press media, various European government bodies, including the British Parliament and the European Inter-Parliamentary Union, and relevant organizations in the Arab and Islamic world.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
To further accomplish this, Mohamoud embarked on a program of recruitment of important personalities and groups in southern Somalia to join the SNM movement—a 1982 through 1991 Somali liberation faction founded and led predominantly by Isaaq members to protect the national interests of the Somalilanders against the oppressive Siyad Barre regime. Having successfully toppled the Siyad Barre regime in 1991, the SNM had been pivotal in reconstituting the Republic of Somaliland that on 1 July 1960, united with Somalia. Presently, Somaliland is a sovereign democratic country, but is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia.<ref name="HIST"/>
====1984–1990: Chairman of Somali National Movement (SNM)====
During the following years Mohamoud would become the SNM's longest-serving Chairman, in command throughout the most tumultuous, expansive, and decisive period of the liberation movement. In 1984, the SNM was in its infancy, having been established only two years earlier. The struggle was nebulous. This period was being steered through its most trying times. Its most momentous events occurred in October 1984 with the first major, simultaneous(Coincidental), and coordinated invasion of the SNM troops into the mountainous regions of Somaliland and its major expansion of SNM fronts in the southern and northwest regions of Awdal and the Northwest.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
In 1986, an accord negotiated in Jabuuti between the Siyad Barre regime of Somalia and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia to end the support of the respective rebellions against their regimes had for all intent and purposes entailed the dismemberment the SNM. Having lost its Ethiopian sanctuary, as a consequence of this agreement, in May 1988, the SNM waged a historically daring invasion on Togdheer and Northwest regions of Somaliland. With this secretly planned attack—a shocking surprise to both Siyad Barre and Mingeste Haile Miriam regimes – SNM fighters easily took Burao (Burco) and Hargeisa (Hargeysa) cities. Although the SNM was finally pushed out of the two cities, the lightning attack proved to be the deathblow of the Siyad Barre regime. The result being the peaceful transfer of power, in a spirit of unity, at the 1990 SNM Congress – a lasting peace that survives today.<ref name="HIST"/>
====1990–1996: Re-establishing Somaliland's sovereignty====
While attending the Congress of Somaliland (Burao, May 1991), Mohamoud acted as a key player in re-establishing Somaliland's sovereignty as an independent state. In 1992, he initiated, and then organized, the famous Forum for Peace that generated a cease-fire agreement between the warring parties in the so-called Xarbal Aqnaam War in the port city Berbera and its environs. From 1993 through 1996, he would act as a Member of Somaliland House of Representatives. During this time, in 1996, he initiated a reconciliation movement that brought about an end to the internal conflict at Beer – 18 miles southeast of Burao (Togdheer Region), where a formal agreement of cessation of hostilities and an exchange of prisoners would be finalized.<ref name="HIST"/><ref name="PREZ">{{cite news |last=Duale |first=M |url=http://www.slnnews.com/2014/06/history-pf-somaliland-president-excellence-drahmed-m-m-silanyo |title=History Somaliland President Ahmed M Silanyo |publisher=Somaliland Nation News |date=May 2006}}</ref>
====1997–1999: Minister of Finance====
In 1997, Mohamoud had change roles, becoming the Minister of Finance for Somaliland devising and implementing a viable solution to stem out the runaway inflation threatening the economy of Somaliland. Further, shifting focus to the military, he sought to resolve the vexing problem of rationed supplies to the armed forces and begun to initiate a program for fiscal reform.<ref name="HIST"/><ref name="PREZ"/>
====1999–2000: Minister of Planning and Coordination====
Changing roles once more, Mohamoud began to act as the Minister of Planning and Coordination for Somaliland, working to establish mechanisms for the coordination of aid programs between the government and foreign-aid donors. He initiated the formulation of a three-year development plan, organized a first of its kind and well-attended international conference on aid for Somaliland held in Hargeisa, attended and addressed the Somalia Aid Coordination Body (SACB) in Nairobi, Kenya – as the first-ever Somaliland Government Minister to do so, and lead a Somaliland government delegation that met with the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) representatives in Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name="HIST"/><ref name="PREZ"/>
====2000–2002: Mediator and various other roles====
During the period of working with Somaliland's 2nd president, President Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal, Mohamoud played important and decisive roles as a mediator in preventing crisis with respect to incidents relating to the relationship between Djibouti and Somaliland, Somaliland and Ethiopia, SNM veterans and the Egal administration, and between the Somaliland House of Representatives and the Egal government. He would spend, however, a period overseas, delivering speeches and addressing communities of the Somaliland diaspora in Europe and the United States raising awareness on the achievements and developments of the county. Upon his return to Somaliland he immediately mounted a campaign toward the resolution of a looming national crisis between the Egal administration and its political opponents, a crisis which came close to starting afresh a new round of internal conflict.<ref name="HIST"/>
====2002–2010: Founder and chairman of the Kulmiye Party and its presidential candidate==== {{main|Kulmiye Peace, Unity, and Development Party}} The youngest political organization in the country, the Kulmiye Party was established in early 2002 with a focus on conveying the campaign's platform to the countryside and rural regions. Notably, Mohamoud pursued a no smear campaign policy toward other political parties, thus conducting a peaceful election, while applauding public education on the merits of the multi-party system and the democratic process. However, Mohamoud lost the election by a mere 80 votes to President Dahir Rayaale Kahin.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
Despite this setback, Mohamoud would be a supporting for the women's voices in Somaliland, as the Kulmiye Party was the only party to appoint a woman as vice-chair. During the next elections, Mohamoud was rewarded by garnering the largest national votes, only less than the total votes the incumbent party obtained during the previous presidential election. Through his stewardship, the Kulmiye Party has grown to be the largest party in Somaliland. Despite the ruling party's continuous hold to power after its term expired, and its unwillingness to hold free and fair elections, Mohamoud continued to pursue political change through the democratic process by working closely with traditional elders and the international community, whose interest is peace and stability in the Horn of Africa. Thus, when he ran as the Kulmiye Party candidate for president he was able to defeat incumbent President Dahir Rayaale Kahin of the United Peoples' Democratic Party (UDUB) in the 2010 presidential election.<ref name="HIST"/>
====2010–2017: Fourth president of the Republic of Somaliland====
Mohamed's term ended with the presidential election of 13 November 2017, which had been delayed from 28 March 2017.<ref name="Sder">{{cite web|title=Somaliland Detailed Election Results|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/somaliland_detail.html|publisher=African Elections Database|access-date=18 September 2013}}</ref> A snapshot of some of the salient achievements of the Silanyo Administration are depicted in the next section.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
==President of Somaliland==
{{multiple image|perrow=1 |image1=Silanyo.jpg |caption1=Mohamoud in 2011 |image2=President of Somaliland (6347368460).jpg |caption2=Mohamoud with Henry Bellingham in 2011 |image3=Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Portrait.jpg |caption3=Mohamoud in 2013 |image4=Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud and David Concar.jpg |caption4=Mohamoud with David Concar in 2017 }}
===The Silanyo administration currency stabilization===
One of the first policy implementations of the administration was the introduction of the Somaliland Shilling to the entire country. Prior to this time, the old Somalia Shillings were honoured in the eastern regions of the country. In 2011, President Silanyo issued an executive order, and passed by Parliament, making the Somaliland Shilling the legal tender of the country.<ref name="Shilling">{{cite news |last=Ali |first=Hassan |url=http://www.somalilandpress.com/somaliland-to-replace-all-somali-shilling/ |title=Somaliland to Replace all Somali Shilling |publisher=Somaliland Press |date=April 2011 |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001733/http://www.somalilandpress.com/somaliland-to-replace-all-somali-shilling/ |archive-date=4 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Major infrastructure improvements===
Construction of offices for many of the country's twenty-four ministries, since the 1991 government ministries were housed in ill-suited offices built in a different era by the British colonial administration for fewer administrative departments. The Silanyo Administration budgeted and implemented construction of offices for many of the ministries that were in inadequate facilities.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
The administration not only repaired or rebuilt roads connecting major towns, but also built roads leading to small towns in the country side. Furthermore, the Administration encouraged and helped partially fund community based road construction. More importantly however, the government started building a 240-mile (384 km.) tarmac road linking Burao (Burco) City to the provincial town of Erigavo (Ceerigaabo), the capital of Sanaag Region in the east of the country.<ref name="BURAO ROAD">{{cite news |url=http://www.somalilandpress.com/hargeisa-odweine-burao-road-receives-second-cash-injection-dahabshiil/ |title=Hargeisha Odweine Burao Road Receives Second Cash Injection |publisher=Somaliland Press |date=July 2016}}</ref>
As part of the infrastructure improvement, the administration enlarged and enhanced security of Egal International Airport, in Hargeisa and Berbera Airport.<ref name="SilanyoAnnualAddress">{{cite web| title=Somaliland President Silanyo Annual Address Speech| url=http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalilandpresident-silanyo-annual-address-speech/| publisher=Somaliland Press| access-date=2 November 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001448/http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalilandpresident-silanyo-annual-address-speech/| archive-date=4 November 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref>
Enacted legislation that made primary education free.<ref name="FREE EDUCATION">{{cite news |last=Goth |first=Mohamed |url=http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalilandbenefits-of-free-primary-education/ |title=Somaliland Benefits of Free Primary Education |publisher=Somaliland Press |date=October 2013 |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001047/http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalilandbenefits-of-free-primary-education/ |archive-date=4 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Implemented new rank and salary systems for the Somaliland Armed Forces, the Somaliland Police, and the Custodial Corps.<ref name="RESHUFFLE">{{cite news|last=Goth |first=Mohamed |url=http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalilandpresident-silanyo-makes-cabinet-reshuffle-and-appoints-new-presidential-spokesman/ |title=Somaliland President Silanyo Makes Cabinet Reshuffle and Appoints New Presidential Spokesman |publisher=Somaliland Press |date=February 2016}}</ref>
===Water development program===
Because there are no perennial rivers and rainfall is unreliable, water is a highly precious commodity in Somaliland. Water supply systems throughout the country are, therefore, dependent on underground sources. Cognizant of the recurring droughts and inadequate water supply systems of cities and towns, the Silanyo Administration introduced a water development policy. The central policy of the Administration's water development program is, inter alia, drilling bore holes and damming dry – river beds that drain water into the sea during the two rainy seasons.<ref name="WATER">{{cite news |last=Goth |first=Mohamed |url=http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalilandpresident-silanyo-inaugurates-nations-first-rain-water-harvesting-project/ |title=Somaliland President Silanyo Inaugurates Nations First Rain Water Harvesting Project |publisher=Somaliland Press |date=February 2015 |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001735/http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalilandpresident-silanyo-inaugurates-nations-first-rain-water-harvesting-project/ |archive-date=4 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In order to realize such policy achievements, the administration embarked on expanding, through additional drilling, the water supply systems of the six major towns: Hargeisa, Borama, Berbera, Burao, Las Anod, and Erigavo.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
In particular, to alleviate the chronic water shortage in the capital city, Hargeisa, the administration drilled more wells and installed bigger and rust resistant pipe lines in the Geed Deeble water works and is damming the Humboweyne (Xumboweyne) dry river, north east of Hargeisa.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2018-11-16 |title=Exclusive Interview with Wassim Haroun of CONSER – (Part 1 – Xumboweyne Dam) |url=https://somalilandchronicle.com/2018/11/16/exclusive-interview-with-wassim-haroun-of-conser-part-1-xumboweyne-dam/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=Somaliland Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref> The administration intends to establish a grid work of wells throughout the country as well as damming as many of the numerous dry-bed rivers emanating from Golis Range that otherwise empty into the sea.<ref name="WATER"/>
===Joint venture with Dubai Port World (D P World) for the management of Berbera Port===
The administration has entered into a joint venture agreement with Dubai Port World (DP World) whereby D.P World for thirty years takes over the management of Berbera Port; builds a 400-meter new terminal with a container section, Free Trade Zone, and rehabilitates the old port.<ref name="Berbera Agreement">{{cite news|last=Goth |first=Mohamed |url=http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalilandpolitical-economic-impact-berbera-port-agreement-country/ |title=Somaliland Political Economic Impact Berbera Port Agreement for Country |publisher=Somaliland Press |date=July 2016}}</ref>
In addition, the United Arab Emirates has agreed to build a 250 km (156 mile) road connecting Berbera and the border town of Wajaale.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
These major agreements enhance the capacity of the port and employment opportunities, but more importantly enable trade to flourish between Somaliland and Ethiopia's population of 102 million.<ref name="Berbera Port">{{cite news|last=Goth |first=Mohamed |url=http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalilandmajor-function-support-berbera-port-investiture/ |title=Somaliland Major Function Support Berbera Port Investiture |publisher=Somaliland Press |date=August 2016}}</ref>
==Death== According to his family, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud died at the age of 86 in Hargeisa on 15 November 2024, after a long illness.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2024 |title=Former Somaliland President Siilaanyo is dead |url=https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/national/89978/former-somaliland-president-siilaanyo-is-dead?amp=1 |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=The Eastleigh Voice News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2024 |title=Taariikh-Nololeedkii: Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud (Siilaanyo) oo nus qarni ka badan door shariifa ku lahaa siyaasadda Soomaaliya iyo Somaliland |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/c4g72lp3zrro.amp |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=Bbc.com |language=so}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taariikh Nololeedka Axmed Siilaanyo |url=https://www.voasomali.com/a/7866075.html |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=Voasomali.com}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=Dahir Riyale Kahin}} {{s-ttl|title=President of Somaliland|years=2010–2017}} {{s-aft|after=Muse Bihi Abdi}} {{s-end}}
{{Presidents of Somaliland}} {{Portal bar|Biography|Somaliland|Politics}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed Mohamed Mahamoud}} Category:1938 births Category:2024 deaths Category:21st-century Somaliland politicians Category:Peace, Unity, and Development Party politicians Category:21st-century presidents of Somaliland Category:Chairpersons of the Somali National Movement Category:SOS Sheikh Secondary School alumni Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester Category:Somalilander Sunni Muslims Category:Ministers of finance of Somaliland Category:Ethnic Somali people Category:British Somaliland people of World War II Category:People from Burao Category:Presidents of Somaliland