Aftab Ali

{{Short description|Bengali social reformer, politician and entrepreneur (1907–1972)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Aftab Ali | image =  | image_upright = | landscape =  | alt =  | caption = | native_name = আফতাব আলী | native_name_lang = bn | birth_name =  | birth_date = {{birth date|1907|1|20|df=y}} | birth_place = Kathalkhair, Balaganj/Bishwanath, [[Sylhet region|Sylhet District]], [[North-East Frontier]], [[British Raj]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1972|12|22|1907|1|20|df=y}} | death_place = London, United Kingdom | death_cause = | resting_place = [[Brookwood Cemetery]], [[Brookwood, Surrey]] | resting_place_coordinates =  | burial_place =  | burial_coordinates =  | other_names = | citizenship = United Kingdom | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Businessman, social worker, president, politician | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent =  | known_for = Founding the [[All-India Seamen's Federation]] | notable_works = | style = | net_worth =  | height =  | television = | title = | office1 = Member of the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]] | term_start1 = 1937 | term_end1 = 1945 | constituency1 = Water Transport Trade Union | successor1 = [[Abdul Motaleb Malik]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.11657/page/n139/mode/2up|title=The Indian Year Book|editor=[[Stanley Reed (British politician)|Reed, Sir Stanley]]|year=1947}}</ref> | office2 = Member of the 3rd [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] | term_start2 = 1962 | term_end2 = 1965 | constituency2 = [[Sylhet-I]] | successor2 = [[Mahmud Ali (statesman)|Mahmud Ali]] | party = [[All-India Trade Union Congress]] | opponents = | boards = | spouse = Ayesha Ali | children = Shareef Ali | mother = | father = | relatives = KC Choudhury, Rechelle Ali (granddaughter), Quinn Bullas, Ava Bullas (great granddaughters) | family = | callsign = | awards = | module = {{Infobox person | embed = yes | monuments = Aftab Terrace, London, E1 | movement = Indian Seamen's Union }} | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Aftab Ali''' ({{langx|bn|আফতাব আলী}}; 1907–1972) was an early 20th-century [[Pakistanis|Pakistani]] [[Bengalis|Bengali]] social reformer, politician and entrepreneur. His work is recognised to have helped thousands of [[British Asian]] [[lascar]]s to migrate, settle and find employment in Britain. He was a member of the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]] and [[National Assembly of Pakistan]], and served as the first Minister of Labour for [[East Pakistan]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

==Early life== Ali was born into a [[Bengali Muslim]] family from the Kathalkhair village of the [[Sylhet region|Sylhet District]] in the [[British Raj]]'s [[North-East Frontier]] on 20 January 1907.<ref name=open>{{cite web|title=Aftab Ali – Making Britain|url=http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/aftab-ali|publisher=[[Open University]]}}</ref> His father was a merchant on the [[Sylhet]]-[[Calcutta]] water route, owning a number of boats. At the age of 18, Ali left Sylhet Government School in class 10 moving to Calcutta where he worked alongside [[Bipin Chandra Pal]].<ref name=bpedia>{{cite book|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|first=Ashfaque|last=Hossain|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ali,_Aftab|chapter=Ali, Aftab|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

==Career== In 1923, Ali left Calcutta as a stoker on a ship bound for the United States.<ref name=adams>{{cite book |last=Adams |first=Caroline |year=1987 |title=Across Seven Seas and Thirteen Rivers |location=London |publisher=THAP Books |pages=59–62|isbn=0-906698-14-6}}</ref> There he jumped ship, seeking employment, education, and experience.<ref>{{cite book |last=Balachandran |first=G. |year=2016 |chapter=South Asian Seafarers and Their Worlds c. 1870–1930s |editor1=Jerry H. Bentley |editor1-link=Jerry H. Bentley |editor2=Renate Bridenthal |editor3=Karen Wigen |editor3-link=Karen Wigen |title=Seascapes: Maritime Histories, Littoral Cultures, and Transoceanic Exchanges |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press |page=197 |isbn=978-0-8248-3027-4}}</ref> He returned to Bengal in 1925, having been exposed to trade unionism and politics in the US, and with first hand experience of the poor working conditions of Indian seamen.<ref name=adams/> This experience led to the foundations of his social work for the rights of South Asian lascars.<ref name=open/>

In 1925, Ali joined the Indian Seamen's Union in Calcutta and eventually rose to become the organisation's general secretary. In January 1937, Ali united all of the various unions (namely the Indian Quartermaster's Union, Bengal Mariner's Union, Seamen's Welfare League of India and Karachi Seamen's Union) under one large federation known as the All-India Seamen's Federation.<ref name=federation>{{cite web|title=All-India Seamen's Federation – Making Britain|url=http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/all-india-seamens-federation|publisher=[[Open University]]}}</ref> Ali also joined the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in that year, following the [[1937 Indian provincial elections]].

During a visit to London in 1933 for the [[Round Table Conference]], not only did he represent the interests of Indian seamen but also Indian labourers, film-extras and [[peddler]]s in the United Kingdom.<ref name=ansar>{{cite book |last1=Ullah |first1=Ansar Ahmed |last2=Eversley |first2=John |year=2010 |title=Bengalis in London's East End |url=https://www.swadhinata.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Bengalis-in-Londons-East-End-Book.pdf |publisher=Swadhinata Trust |isbn=978-0-9565745-0-3}}</ref> Ali arrived at the United Kingdom in July 1939, spending a month in the country. He attended [[Surat Alley]]'s ''Indian Workers' Conference'' in London. Ali appointed Alley as the London representative for his federation.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} Ali also had a good relationship with [[Krishna Menon]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Rehana |editor-last1=Ahmed |editor-first1=Rehana |editor-last2=Mukherjee |editor-first2=Sumita |chapter=Networks of Resistance: Krishna Menon and Working-Class South Asians in Inter-War Britain |title=South Asian Resistances in Britain, 1858 – 1947 |year=2012 |publisher=Continuum |page=74 |isbn=978-1-4411-9529-6}}</ref> and was invited by Menon to the Glasgow Trades Council meeting on 23 August.

He was also invited to another meeting by [[Benjamin Francis Bradley]] in Manchester with some Trade Union executives. Ali was also known to have visited [[Dundee]] before proceeding off to [[Switzerland]] with [[Faiz Ahmad Faiz]] and Abdul Mannan Chaudhury for the [[International Labour Conference]] in Geneva where he put forward the proposal for a 56-hour week at sea and a 48-hour week at port balance for Indian seamen.<ref name=bpedia/><ref>{{cite news|last=Balachandran|first=Gopalan |url= http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/p/2005/history_cooperative/www.historycooperative.org/proceedings/seascapes/balachandran.html#_ftn1|title=South Asian Seafarers and their Worlds: c. 1870-1930s|publisher=[[Göttingen State and University Library]]}}</ref> As [[World War II]] approached Britain, Ali, Alley and Tahsil Miya played crucial roles in breaking the deadlock between British ship-owners and Asian lascars. Rallies were organised with lascars striking against their unequal treatment in income and working conditions. Finally reaching an agreement with the British government, Ali called off the strikes. However, the federation continued to campaign in other fields such as the release and re-employment of imprisoned lascars. They lobbied the [[Home Secretary]], [[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Samuel Hoare]], and called on the [[Trades Union Congress]] in Glasgow for support.<ref>{{cite book|title=Subaltern Geographies|chapter=Reading Subaltern Studies Politically|page=111|date=2019|publisher=[[University of Georgia]] Press|last1=Jazeel|first1=Tariq|last2=Legg|first2=Stephen}}</ref>

On his return to [[Bengal]], Ali became the vice president of the [[All-India Trade Union Congress]] and continued his role in the Bengal Legislative Assembly. He managed to persuade [[Abdul Motaleb Malik]] to join the All-India Seamen's Federation in 1936.<ref name=bpedia/> In 1941, he left the All-India Trade Union Congress. The following year, the [[Royal Indian Navy]] appointed him as [[Lieutenant commander (Royal Navy)|honorary lieutenant commander]]. Ali had close connections with the Indian Seamen's Welfare League led by [[Shah Abdul Majid Qureshi]] and [[Ayub Ali Master]].{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

Following the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, Ali moved to [[East Bengal]] in Pakistan and became an independent Member of Parliament. He was not a supporter of partition.<ref name=adams/> His social work for British Asian lascars continued, and he encouraged lascars to remain and settle in the United Kingdom. In the 1950s, he founded the Overseas Seamen's Welfare Association,<ref name=adams/> which campaigned for distressed seamen and their families to be granted [[British passports]].{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Ali also played an instrumental role by opening a passport office in his house in Sylhet.<ref name=ansar/> He was a colleague of [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Glynn |first=Sarah |year=2015 |title=Class, Ethnicity and Religion in the Bengali East End: A Political History |publisher=Manchester University Press |page=54 |isbn=978-1-84779-958-6 |quote=Suhrawardy ... [was] a former trade unionist colleague of Aftab Ali.}}</ref>

He attended the International Labour Conference hosted in [[Geneva]] in 1951, and in [[Havana]] in 1953. Ali visited [[Soviet Georgia]] in 1957. The following year, he visited [[Ceylon]] where he was invited to the [[International Confederation of Free Trade Unions]] conference. The following year he was part of an Indian Labour delegation to [[Indonesia]]. He became the first Minister of Labour for East Pakistan{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} and member of the 3rd [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]. During this time, he lived in Mirboxtula.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/former-members/3rd%20National%20Assembly.pdf|page=2|title=List of Members of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan from 1962-1964}}</ref> As part of a Labour delegation, he visited China in 1964.

==Death and legacy== Ali died on 22 December 1972 while in London. He was buried in [[Brookwood Cemetery]].<ref name=ansar/> A housing estate was built in 1995 on Tent Street (off [[Brady Street]], East London) and named after him as Aftab Terrace.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ideastore.co.uk/assets/documents/bengali%20booklet%20FINALcropped1.pdf|title=The Bengali East End – Histories of life and work in Tower Hamlets|publisher=[[Tower Hamlets]]|access-date=11 January 2020|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509153116/https://www.ideastore.co.uk/assets/documents/bengali%20booklet%20FINALcropped1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also== * [[British Shipping (Assistance) Act 1935]] * [[I'tisam-ud-Din]] * [[All Pakistan Confederation of Labour]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== * {{cite book|title=Aftab Ali: The Hero of Indian Seamen|last=Ahmed|first=Giasuddin|publisher=Bookorebook|date=7 January 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Aftab}} [[Category:1907 births]] [[Category:1972 deaths]] [[Category:Bangladeshi emigrants to England]] [[Category:Politicians from East Pakistan]] [[Category:People from Sylhet]] [[Category:20th-century British politicians]] [[Category:English Muslims]] [[Category:20th-century Muslims]] [[Category:Burials at Brookwood Cemetery]] [[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1962–1965]] [[Category:20th-century Bengali people]] [[Category:Bengal MLAs 1937–1945]]