{{About| |the programming language|AMOS (programming language)|other uses|Amos (disambiguation)}} {{more citations needed|date=June 2011}} {{Infobox weapon | name = Patria AMOS | image = Patria AMV XA-361 AMOS Kokonaisturvallisuus 2015 02.JPG | image_size = 300 | caption = Finnish AMV with AMOS mortar turret | origin = Finland/Sweden | type = Twin-barrel, self-loading mortar system <!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = | is_bladed = | is_explosive = | is_artillery = yes | is_vehicle = | is_missile = | is_UK = <!-- Service history --> | service = 2007 | used_by = Finnish Army | wars = <!-- Production history --> | designer = 50 % Patria Vammas Oy <br> 50 % Alvis Hägglunds AB | design_date = 1994–2006 | manufacturer = Patria Hägglunds Oy | unit_cost = | production_date = | number = | variants = <!-- General specifications --> | spec_label = | weight = {{convert|4,445|kg|lb|abbr=on}}(turret only) | length = | part_length = {{convert|3,000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} L/25 | width = | height = | diameter = | crew = 1+3 (vehicle-fit, 2 in turret) <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge = Standard mortar smoothbore + stub case or smart guided ammunition. Typically HE | caliber = 2 × {{convert|120|mm|inch|sigfig=3}} smoothbore | barrels = 2 | action = 30 s (time to fire)<br>10 s (time to scoot) | rate = 16 rds/min maximum<br>12 rds/min sustained | velocity = | range = {{convert|6|–|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} (ammo dependent) | max_range = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} (indirect fire)<br>{{convert|150|–|1,550|m|mi|abbr=on}} (direct fire)<br><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amos.fi/ |title=Patria Hägglunds |access-date=2012-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120100633/http://www.amos.fi/ |archive-date=2012-11-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | feed = semi-automatic | sights = <!-- Artillery specifications --> | breech = yes <!-- breech-loading--> | recoil = hydro-pneumatic suspension | carriage = 48 rds | elevation = −3° to +85°, electrical/manual | traverse = ± 360°, electrical/manual <!-- Explosive specifications -->| filling = | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = }}
'''AMOS''' or '''Advanced Mortar System''' is a 120 mm semi-automatic twin barrelled, breech loaded mortar turret. AMOS has been fitted to a wide range of armoured vehicles, such as the Sisu Pasi, Patria AMV and Combat Vehicle 90. The Swedish Navy originally planned to fit AMOS to the CB90 assault craft, but found that it was too small to carry it. Instead, a project to develop the larger Combat Boat 2010 was launched specifically to carry AMOS. Sweden cancelled its acquisition of the AMOS in 2009<ref>{{Cite web |last=Häggblom |first=Robin |date=2023-05-23 |title=Swedish Marines get shipboard mortars |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/05/swedish-marines-get-shipboard-mortars/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref> due to budget regulations by recommendations from Genomförandegruppen. In 2016 a new self propelled mortar system called ''Mjölner'' based on a CV90 hull was ordered by the Swedish armed forces, it is based on the AMOS and has many visual similarities but is not as advanced.
== Design == thumb|AMOS ammunition storage compartment
When fitted to a vehicle, both GPS- and inertia positioning are used. The electronic fire-control system utilizes digital maps. The twin barreled AMOS is able to keep up rate of fire of 12 rounds per minute. Using its computer-controlled Multiple round simultaneous impact (MRSI) feature it is possible to set up a burst of up to 10 rounds that hit the target simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-03|title=BAE Systems Datasheet|url=http://www.baesystems.se/Hagglunds/Brochure/Amos.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061009212354/http://www.baesystems.se/Hagglunds/Brochure/Amos.pdf |archive-date=2006-10-09 }}</ref> The first rounds are fired at higher angles with more propellant so that the rounds fly in a high arc. The next rounds are shot later with a slightly smaller angle and less propellant so that they fly a lower arc to the same target. This can be done seven times in a row, always adjusting the angle and power. The adjustment between shots is done by a computer. The strike of one AMOS unit roughly equals one strike of an artillery battery.
An AMOS turret has a full 360-degree field of fire at elevations of −3 to +85 degrees. AMOS is capable of both conventional indirect fire and direct fire for self-protection. In a typical installation, mounted on a Patria AMV or a similar vehicle, the vehicle can dash to the next position roughly 30 seconds after initiating the 14-round salvo, leaving minimal time for detection and counter-attack by enemy; evasion is the primary means of self-protection.
AMOS is manufactured and marketed by Finnish/Swedish Patria Hägglunds, a joint venture between Finnish Patria and Swedish BAE Systems Hägglunds. The system was to be known as the '''SSG120''' in Swedish service. Ammunition for AMOS includes the Strix guided round and a modification of the Spanish Instalaza MAT-120 120 mm Mortar Cargo Round (although the latter is restricted from the Finnish inventory because of Finnish partnership in the Ottawa Treaty abolishing landmines). AMOS is capable of firing standard muzzle-loaded mortar rounds, but due to the breech-load design in the AMOS, the rounds have to be equipped with a short stub case at the base of the fins, similar to a sabot. When the round is fired, the case exits the breech system automatically.
==Operators== thumb|300px|Map of AMOS operators in blue
===Current operators===
* {{flag|Finland}} ** '''18 AMOS''' ordered in 2010, delivered from 2013, all in service <ref>{{Cite web |title=CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY BUILDING MEASURES - VIENNA DOCUMENT 2011 - ANNUAL EXCHANGE OF MILITARY INFORMATION - Finland |url=https://puolustusvoimat.fi/documents/1948673/2014902/CBMFI23.pdf |website=puolustusvoimat.fi}}</ref>
=== Potential orders ===
* {{flag|Czech Republic}} ** The Army is looking for '''62''' self-propelled mortars, capable of indirect, semi-direct and direct fire and most likely on the 8x8 Pandur II. The competitors are the Patria NEMO and the M120 Rak. The NEMO is the favorite. <ref>{{Cite web |last=CZDEFENCE |title=Self-propelled mortars for the Czech Armed Forces – single-barrel turrets on 8x8 wheeled chassis |url=https://www.czdefence.cz/clanek/samohybne-minomety-acr-jednohlavnove-veze-na-kolovem-podvozku-8x8 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.czdefence.cz |language=en}}</ref>
=== Cancelled orders ===
* {{flag|Finland}} ** '''6 AMOS''' were in the end not ordered as 24 were initially ordered, but only 18 were purchased and supplied.
* {{flag|Sweden}} ** {{army|Sweden}} '''40 AMOS''' was cancelled in 2009 due to financial reasons. It was expected to be installed on the CV90. In 2016, the Mjölner was selected to take over the role of the AMOS. 80 Mjölner turrets have been ordered so far. ** {{navy|Sweden}} The '''AMOS''' purchase was cancelled in 2009 after studies finding out that fitting it to the Combat Boat 2010 was too expensive. Initially, the CB90 was the platform planned, but it was discovered to be too small to carry the AMOS. In 2023, Sweden decided to manufacture such a ship, but with the Patria Nemo as a turret, 8 were ordered.<ref>{{Cite web |title=24 M FAST MORTAR - Swede Ship Marine AB - PDF Catalogs {{!}} Documentation {{!}} Boating Brochures |url=https://pdf.nauticexpo.com/pdf/swede-ship-marine-ab/24-m-fast-mortar/36943-106870.html |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=pdf.nauticexpo.com}}</ref>
==See also== * {{lwc|Patria NEMO}} * {{lwc|Light-weight combat vehicle }} * {{lwc|M120 Rak}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121120100633/http://www.amos.fi/ AMOS at Patria Hägglunds's website] Rev 7.3.2012 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120115094444/http://www.patria.fi/Patria_WWW_EN_Sisalto/Patria_WWW_EN/Products+and+services/Mortar+Systems+sitearea/AMOS+Advanced+Mortar+System/index.html AMOS Advanced Mortar System] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20120105114053/http://www.patria.fi/525f30004d9b1426af41af4b69f1ce94/Amos2008.pdf Amos Brochure 2008] at www.patria.fi. Rev. 7.3.2012 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720142313/http://www.instalaza.es/eng/noticias2.html Instalaza news web page]
{{Patria (company)}} {{Authority control}}
Category:120 mm artillery Category:Mortars of Finland Category:Mortars of Sweden Category:Gun-mortars Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s Category:Patria (company)