Admiral Clarey Bridge

{{Short description|Bridge connecting Ford Island to Oʻahu within Pearl Harbor}} {{Good article}} {{Use American English|date=January 2025}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}} {{Infobox Bridge |bridge_name = Admiral Clarey Bridge |image = USSArizona Bridge Bowfin Stadium.jpg |caption = Admiral Clarey Bridge with the [[USS Arizona Memorial|USS ''Arizona'' Memorial]], [[USS Bowfin (SS-287)|USS ''Bowfin'']], museums, naval yards, and [[Aloha Stadium]] visible |official_name = Admiral Bernard "Chick" Clarey Bridge |other_name = Ford Island Road |crosses = [[Pearl Harbor]] |locale = [[Aiea, Hawaii]] |maint = [[U.S. Navy]] |id = 1HI0320 |designer = [[Parsons Brinckerhoff]] Quade & Douglas, Inc |design = [[Pontoon bridge]] (Floating concrete [[bascule bridge|drawbridge]]) |material = [[Concrete]] |pierswater = |spans = 30 |length = {{convert|4,672|ft|m|abbr=on}} |width = {{convert|44|ft|m|abbr=on}} |height = |load = |clearance = |below = |traffic = 5500<ref name="NBI">{{NBI |structurenumber=1HI0320 |datakey=126398 |linkwork=yes |linkpub=no |access-date=11 February 2014}}</ref> |begin = 10 January 1996 |complete = |open = 15 April 1998 |heritage = |collapsed = |preceded = |followed = |closed = |toll = |map_cue = |map_image = |map_text = |map_width =  |coordinates = {{coord|21.3691|-157.9441|region:US-HI_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |extra = }} '''Admiral Clarey Bridge''', also known as the '''Ford Island Bridge''', is a {{convert|4,672|ft|m|abbr=on}} road bridge that connects [[Ford Island]] in [[Pearl Harbor]] to the mainland of [[Oahu]], the third-largest island of [[Hawaii]]. A {{convert|930|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} section of it is supported by [[pontoon bridge|pontoons]], and can be moved to allow vessels to pass through. This floating moveable span is the largest in the world.<ref name="ailcho" /><ref name="dedpam" />

The bridge is used by military families housed on Ford Island and by tour buses serving the island's historic sites. The bridge replaced an hourly [[ferry]] service operated by the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]. Its namesake, [[Admiral (United States)|Admiral]] [[Bernard A. Clarey]], was one of the Navy's most decorated officers.<ref name="johcla" />

==History== [[File:Waa Hele Honoa (YFB-83) and Moko Holo Hele (YFB-87).png|thumb|right| Ferryboats ''Moko Holo Hele'' (YFB-87, on left) and ''Waa Hele Honoa'' (YFB-83) provided access before the bridge was built.]] Before the bridge was built, access to Ford island was restricted to U.S. military personnel, their dependents, and invited guests.<ref name="Ferries" /> Passage to the island was provided by [[List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy#Yard and District Craft (Y)|ferryboats]]. For decades, two Navy diesel-powered ferries served the island: ''Waa Hele Honoa'' (YFB-83) and ''Moko Holo Hele'' (YFB-87). The ''Waa Hele Honoa'', translated as "Canoe go to land", was purchased in 1959 for $274,000 and pressed into service by the Navy on 3 March 1961. The 181-foot ship<ref name="Ferries" /> could carry 750 people and 33 vehicles.<ref name="Ferries" /> The ''Moko Holo Hele'', translated as "boat go back and forth", was purchased for $1.1 million on 25 May 1970.<ref name="Ferries" /> It is 162 feet long and can hold 750 people and 42 vehicles.<ref name="Ferries" /> Several smaller "foot ferries" carried pedestrians between Ford Island and several landings around Pearl Harbor.<ref name="Ferries" />

===Funding=== Proposals to connect the island had been around since 1967,<ref name="grekak2">{{cite news |last=Kakesako |first=Gregg K. |date=14 April 1998 |title=Bridge Opens Path to Ford Island Development |work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/98/04/14/news/story6.html |access-date=13 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129234824/http://archives.starbulletin.com/98/04/14/news/story6.html |archive-date=Nov 29, 2022}}</ref> when a study suggested that there were only three ways to connect the island: a bridge, a tunnel, or a rubble-filled causeway.<ref name="grekak2" /> In 1976, the military construction budget included a proposal for a $25 million causeway but it was removed as too expensive.<ref name="grekak2" /> Other proposals such as a steel bridge were considered but were never constructed because of the cost.<ref name="grekak2" />

A proposal finally came to fruition after Sen. [[Daniel Inouye]] introduced special legislation, {{UnitedStatesCode|10|2814}}, to authorize the Navy to sell land to fund the bridge.<ref name="grekak2" /> The bridge was primarily funded through the "Manana deal," where the Navy sold {{convert|109|acre}} in [[Pearl City, Hawaii|Pearl City]], called the Manana storage site, to the [[City and County of Honolulu]] for development for $94,000,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=City Wants Manana Developed|first=Gordon Y. K. |last= Pang|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2000/05/01/news/story3.html|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|date=1 May 2000|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref> The Navy was also able to lease and sell {{convert|34|acre}} of Ford Island as part of Inouye's renovation project to use private funds to redevelop the island.<ref name="hunflu" />

===Rebirth of Ford Island=== Initially called "the bridge to nowhere", the Admiral Clarey bridge was instrumental in Inouye's "rebirth" of Ford Island and enabled over $500,000,000 in development on the island.<ref name="grekak2" /><ref name="hunflu">{{cite news|author=|date=7 August 2003|title=Hunt-Fluor Partnership Awarded Contract For U.S. Navy's Ford Island Project|work=Pacific Business News|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2003/06/30/daily50.html|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2007/09/02/news/story05.html|title=A Reborn Ford Island Hosts Military Minds|first=Gregg K. |last= Kakesako|date=2 September 2007|work=Star-Bulletin|access-date=11 February 2014}}</ref> It connected 45 families and 3,000 civilian workers to [[Kamehameha Highway]].<ref name="Ferries" /> The completion of the bridge also enabled the Navy to further develop the island to include the $331,000,000 NOAA's Senator Daniel Inouye [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]].<ref>{{cite report|url=http://images.huntelp.com/html/files/ford_island_case_study.pdf |title=Ford Island Case Study WEB11.6.12-01 |first=David P. |last=Kunzelman |publisher=Hunt Companies |date=6 November 2012 |access-date=11 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222030747/http://images.huntelp.com/html/files/ford_island_case_study.pdf |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.staradvertiser.com/s?action=login&f=y&id=210738681&id=210738681|title=Group Questions Safety of New Tsunami Center|first=Gary T. |last=Kubota|work=Honolulu Star-Advertiser|date=9 June 2013|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref> In addition, visitor access to the island with the bridge enabled the construction of the $50,000,000 {{convert|16|acre|adj=on}} [[Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor|Pacific Aviation Museum]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/Dec/07/ln/ln10p.html|title=Ford Island Builds on Its History|first=Will|last= Hoover|work=Honolulu Star-Advertiser|date=7 December 2004|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref>

It was designed by [[Parsons Brinckerhoff]] Quade & Douglas, Inc and constructed by the joint venture of [[Dillingham Construction|Dillingham]]-Manson.<ref name="purdue">{{cite web|url=http://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/ect/links/technologies/civil/floating.aspx|title=Segmental Precast Floating Draw Span|publisher=Purdue University|access-date=29 January 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140129184926/http://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/ect/links/technologies/civil/floating.aspx|archive-date=29 January 2014}}</ref> Ground was broken on the causeway bridge on 10 January 1996 and was completed in 1998 and dedicated on 15 April of that year.<ref name="johcla">{{cite book|title=Hawai'i Place Names: Shores, Beaches, and Surf Sites|first=John R. K. |last=Clark|page=4|year=2002|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|isbn=0-8248-2451-2}}</ref><ref name="Ferries" /> The entire project cost $78,000,000 to complete.<ref name="Ferries" /> The design of the bridge earned the 1999 [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] Outstanding Projects and leaders award of merit and the [[United States Department of Transportation]] 2000 Honor Award for design excellence.<ref name="tradep" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.asce.org/handa/PastOCEAWinners.html#1999|title=Past OCEA Winners|publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers|access-date=17 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216215414/http://content.asce.org/handa/PastOCEAWinners.html#1999|archive-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> The project was completed ahead of time and under budget.<ref name="tradep" />

Future plans for the bridge include a plan by the city of [[Honolulu]] to build a second bridge from Ford Island to [['Ewa Beach, Hawaii|'Ewa Beach]] to reduce the stress on existing highways caused by high traffic and congestion.<ref name="crystal">{{cite news|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2005/09/03/news/index4.html|title=Bridge Plan Concerns Navy|first=Crystal |last= Kua |date=3 September 2005|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin}}</ref> Currently, [[Interstate H-1]] provides the only access from the west side of the island to Honolulu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Letters and Commentary|work=Honolulu Advertiser|date=29 September 2005|id={{ProQuest|414734783}}}}</ref> The plan would include a public use or toll roadway that would come near the Navy's West Loch Naval Magazine, which stores ammunition for the military; a concern for the Navy.<ref name="crystal" /> The Navy also expressed concerns about the infrastructure of Pearl Harbor and Ford Island's historical significance being affected by the project.<ref name="crystal" />

==Design== The bridge has a total length of {{convert|4,672|ft|m|abbr=on}}, including a {{convert|930|ft|m|abbr=on|adj =on }} pontoon section that can be retracted under the fixed bridge to allow the largest [[battleship]]s and [[aircraft carrier]]s to pass.<ref name="ailcho" /><ref name="Ferries">{{cite news| last=Kakesako| first=Gregg K.| title=Farewell to Ford Isle ferries| date=13 April 1998| newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin| url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/98/04/13/news/story2.html| access-date=19 April 2009}}</ref> The bridge consists of a {{convert|650|ft|m|abbr=on|adj = on}} wide channel as well as a {{convert|100|ft|m|abbr=on|adj = on}} wide {{convert|30|ft|m|abbr=on|adj = on}} high opening for smaller craft under an elevated span.<ref name="ailcho" /><ref name="micabr">{{cite conference |url=http://heavymovablestructures.org/assets/technical_papers/00636.pdf |title=Ford Island Bridge, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii |first=Michael J. |last=Abrahams |date=30 October – 1 November 1996 |conference=Heavy Movable Structures, Inc. Sixth Biennial Symposium |publisher=Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. |location=Clearwater Beach, Florida |access-date=10 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223003000/http://heavymovablestructures.org/assets/technical_papers/00636.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2014 }}</ref> The entry control point at the east end of the bridge provides room for two traffic lanes of entry, a single exit lane, and a guard tower with a turnaround.<ref name="micabr" />

===Design–build=== The project was developed using a [[design–build]], operate and maintain (DBOM) approach.<ref name="pcijour">{{cite journal|title=Precast Prestressed Segmental Floating Drawspan for Admiral Clarey Bridge|journal=PCI Journal|date=July–August 1998|volume=43|issue=4|pages=60–69|url=http://www.epoxyinterestgroup.org/cfcs/cmsIT/baseComponents/fileManagerProxy.cfc?method=GetFile&fileID=DAF7A23B-FA35-5A85-781EF5A83AB6DD72|access-date=16 February 2014|publisher=Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222003143/http://www.epoxyinterestgroup.org/cfcs/cmsIT/baseComponents/fileManagerProxy.cfc?method=GetFile&fileID=DAF7A23B-FA35-5A85-781EF5A83AB6DD72|archive-date=22 February 2014|doi=10.15554/pcij.07011998.60.79|last1=Abrahams|first1=Michael J.|last2=Wilson|first2=Gary|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The Navy did an environmental impact study, studied various bridge alternatives, and settled on a combination fixed and floating bridge.<ref name="pcijour" /> The Navy then awarded contracts of $350,000 to three major contractors to create candidate designs for the bridge.<ref name="pcijour" /> On 19 August 1994, the Navy awarded a design-build contract to Dillingham-Manson, JV.<ref name="pcijour" />

===Construction=== Some 350 to 400 24-inch prestressed concrete [[Deep foundation|piles]] were built on site to support the bridge.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ford Island Bridge Already Showing Cracks|first=Nelson |last= Daranciang|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2001/04/09/news/story4.html|date=9 April 2001|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref> The piles were driven at angles {{convert|137|ft|m|abbr=on}} into the seabed.<ref name="ailcho">{{cite journal|last=Cho|first=Aileen|title=A Buoyant Crossing|journal=Engineering News-Record|date=18 August 1997|volume=239|issue=7|pages=34, 35, 37 |publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|issn=0013-807X |oclc=761166077}}</ref> In 2001, three years after construction had completed, cracks were discovered in four pillars.<ref name="neldar">{{cite news|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2001/04/17/news/story8.html|title=Cracked Ford Island Bridge Pilings Warrant Repairs|first=Nelson |last= Daranciang|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|date=17 April 2001|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref> Under a maintenance contract, the cracks were repaired with concrete sleeves at no cost to the Navy.<ref name="neldar" />

Most of the pre-cast girders and deck panels were constructed in [[Tacoma, Washington]], and shipped by {{convert|300|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} barge.<ref name="ailcho" /> The three concrete pontoons for the floating moveable span were also constructed in Tacoma by Concrete Technology Corporation in a graving dock and floated to Ford Island by barge in three shipments.<ref name="ailcho" /><ref name="micabr" /> They are {{convert|310|ft|m|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|50|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide, and {{convert|17|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall, and are buoyed by 21 water-tight air-filled cells with leak detectors.<ref name="ailcho" /><ref name="micabr" /> The three sections were assembled at the site using large steel bolts.

Pontoon bridges, which rest on water, are designed to withstand stresses from nature as well as traffic.<ref name="ailcho" /> A similar bridge in [[Washington (state)|Washington]], the [[Hood Canal Bridge|Hood Canal bridge]], sank in 1979 after the pontoons flooded amid {{convert|80|mph|kph|abbr=on|adj = on}} winds.<ref name="micabr" /> Experience from the replacement for that bridge helped engineers better design the Admiral Clarey bridge's pontoons for [[Wave loading|wave load resistance]].<ref name="alicho2">{{cite journal|last=Cho|first=Aileen|title=Floating History|journal=Engineering News-Record|date=18 August 1997|volume=239|issue=7|pages=37|publisher=McGraw-Hill Companies|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii}}</ref> The Admiral Clarey bridge is designed to withstand winds as high as {{convert|100|mph|kph|abbr=on}} and waves as high as {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="ailcho" />

===Moveable span=== [[File:Admiral Clarey Bridge Open 2009-12-07.jpg|thumb|right|The Admiral Clarey Bridge with gateway open]] The bridge was designed with a movable floating pontoon. Steel transition spans connect the two ends of the fixed bridge to the pontoon. Two hydraulic rams, located on either side of the transition spans, lift the transition spans off the pontoon allowing the pontoon to retract under the fixed bridge.<ref name="ailcho" /> The transition spans accommodate {{convert|1|ft|m|abbr=on}} of tide movement and {{convert|4.6|ft|m|abbr=on}} of pontoon movement.<ref name="ailcho" /> In addition, the spans sit on a central pivot that assists with the movement caused by waves.<ref name="micabr" /> In the event that the transition spans are unable to bear the stress of movement of the pontoon, specifically in the case of seismic activity, the bridge has a breakaway feature that can be easily repaired.<ref name="micabr" />

The floating portion is then retracted under the O'ahu side of the fixed bridge at a rate of 14 inches per second to create a 650 ft navigation channel.<ref name="purdue" /><ref name="tradep">{{cite book|title=Design for Transportation National Awards 2000|url=https://archive.org/details/designfortranspo00unit|author=United States Department of Transportation|location=Washington, DC |publisher= U.S. Dept. of Transportation|year=2000}}</ref> The entire process takes 25 minutes to complete.<ref name="purdue" /> Retraction of the movable span is accomplished by two hydraulic winches located on the control pier on the southeast side of the bridge. Two-inch steel cables are used to connect each winch to the pontoon: one is connected to the far and the other to the near end of the pontoon.<ref name="micabr" /> The opening sequence consists of activating the warning lights and bells, lowering the warning gates and barriers, lifting the transition spans on both sides, and operating the winches. During the opening, the winch connected to the west end pulls while the winch on the east end pays out.<ref name="micabr" /> As the span nears fully open, the winch speeds are slowed to allow the pontoon to stop without snapping a cable.<ref name="micabr" /> This entire operation is operated from a control room on the east section of the bridge at the highest point and monitored from wireless cameras.<ref name="ailcho" /><ref name="micabr" /> 36 post-tensioned straddle bents span 60-ft under the elevated span to form a pocket for the movable span to rest while the bridge is open.<ref name="ailcho" />

==Public reception== [[File:Military and civilian runners crossing the Admiral Clarey Bridge during the 2006 Ford Island 10k Bridge Run at Pearl Harbor.jpg|thumb|right|More than 1,400 military and civilian runners make their way across the Adm. Bernard "Chick" Clarey Bridge during the 2006 Ford Island 10k Bridge Run at Pearl Harbor.]] Although access to the bridge is limited to those who hold a [[United States Uniformed Services Privilege and Identification Card|US military ID card]], several events are hosted annually that are open to the public. The bridge is the location of the annual Ford Island 10K Bridge run which has been one of the largest runs in [[O'ahu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatlifehawaii.com/index/bridge-run.html |title=17th Annual Ford Island 10K Bridge Run |publisher=Great Life Hawaii |date=22 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221151609/http://www.greatlifehawaii.com/index/bridge-run.html |archive-date=21 February 2014 }}</ref> Starting in 2012, the Tripler Fisher House started its "Boots on the Bridge" event which honors fallen military members by placing boots with photos across Ford Island and the Admiral Clarey Bridge.<ref name="tifdus">{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/85967/|title=Fisher House Holds 'Boots on the Bridge' Run to Remember Fallen|first= Tiffany |last= Dusterhoft|date=21 August 2012|access-date=9 February 2014|publisher=8th Theater Sustainment Command Public Affairs}}</ref> More than 6,000 boots line the route to remember each fallen soldier since the [[September 11 attacks|September 11]] terrorist attacks in New York City.<ref name="tifdus" /> In 2009, the [[American Cancer Society]] raised over $150,000 from 3,000 participating for breast cancer research through the Making Strides Against Breast Cancer walk over the bridge and in 2011 had over 8,000 participants and raised over $200,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=69977|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224123609/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=69977|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2014|title=Community Walks for Breast Cancer Awareness|website=America's Navy|date=4 October 2012|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref>

[[National Park Service]] officials criticized the construction of the Admiral Clarey bridge fearing that by connecting road traffic to the mainland, the increased flow of island visitors would raise the level of theft of historical artifacts from the [[USS Arizona (BB-39)|USS ''Arizona'']] and other memorials on or around Ford Island.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pearl Harbor|first=Tamara L. |last=Britton|publisher=ABDO Publishing Company|date=1 September 2010|page=36}}</ref>

The [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]], which has a facility on Ford Island, criticized the US Navy's [[hurricane]] and [[tsunami]] disaster plans which calls for closing the bridge to traffic and opening the channel to allow all ships to vacate the harbor.<ref name="YubaNet">{{cite web|url=http://yubanet.com/usa/NOAA-39-s-Big-Storm-Problem-in-Hawaii.php#.UvhdfLTLyjs|title=NOAA's Big Storm Problem in Hawaii|author=Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility|date=10 June 2013|publisher=YubaNet.com|access-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222233743/http://yubanet.com/usa/NOAA-39-s-Big-Storm-Problem-in-Hawaii.php#.UvhdfLTLyjs|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> The NOAA's concerns were that with the bridge outage, the tsunami warning center would not be able to operate effectively at a time when its need was greatest.<ref name="YubaNet" /> The Navy's plan calls for the use of the tour boats to act as ferries whenever the bridge would be unavailable for long periods of time and offered them as a solution to the NOAA's concerns.<ref name="YubaNet" /> However, an organization called Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER) believed that the boats would be unable to provide for a speedy evacuation in a tsunami.<ref name="YubaNet" /> In the event of a storm, PEER also noted that if the Navy was so concerned that they would evacuate their largest ships, that the small ferries would be unable to operate in those storm conditions.<ref name="YubaNet" /> If the ferries were unable to operate, NOAA employees could not rotate shifts with fresh staff to relieve stranded employees sheltering in place.<ref name="YubaNet" /> The NOAA assured its employees that a tsunami affecting Ford Island was unlikely despite that O'ahu is an area of high tsunami danger.<ref name="PEER">{{cite press release|url=http://www.peer.org/news/news-releases/2011/03/14/hawaii-tsunami-response-gets-mixed-federal-signals--/ |title=Hawaii Tsunami Response Gets Mixed Federal Signals |agency=Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility |date=14 March 2011 |access-date=9 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217002335/http://www.peer.org/news/news-releases/2011/03/14/hawaii-tsunami-response-gets-mixed-federal-signals--/ |archive-date=17 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Namesake== [[File:Chick Clarey (edit).jpg|thumb|right|upright|Admiral Bernard "Chick" Clarey]] {{main|Bernard A. Clarey}} The Admiral Clarey bridge was named after [[United States Navy]] [[Admiral]] [[Bernard A. Clarey]]. Admiral Clarey served as Commander [[United States Second Fleet|U.S. Second Fleet]] (COMSECONDFLT) and later was Commander [[United States Pacific Fleet|U.S. Pacific Fleet]].<ref name="wolsax">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/24/us/bernard-clarey-84-commander-of-pacific-fleet.html|title=Bernard Clarey, 84, Commander of Pacific Fleet|department=Obituaries|work=The New York Times|first=Wolfgang|last= Saxon|date=24 June 1996|access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> He was awarded three [[Navy Cross (United States)|Navy Cross]]es for valor.<ref name="wolsax" /> Admiral Clarey was a survivor of the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] while he was the executive officer of the submarine USS [[USS Dolphin (SS-169)|''Dolphin'']] (SS-169).<ref name="wolsax" /> After his service in the Navy, Clarey served as vice president for the [[Bank of Hawaii]].<ref name="wolsax" /> He died at [[Tripler Army Medical Center]] in [[Hawaii]] on 15 June 1996.<ref name="wolsax" />

==Memorials== The submarine {{USS|Bowfin|SS-287|2}} lies just south of the sentry tower. Visible from the Admiral Clarey bridge, also to the south but on the Ford Island side, are the [[USS Arizona Memorial|USS ''Arizona'' Memorial]] and {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}}. While ferry boats still provide access to the USS ''Arizona'' memorial, the bridge is the only access to the ''Missouri'' tour, the [[USS Oklahoma (BB-37)#Memorial|USS ''Oklahoma'' memorial]], the [[Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor]], and {{USS|Utah|BB-31|6}} for the public via [[Roberts Hawaii]] [[tour bus]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mighty Mo Gets Gussied Up Because Company's Coming / USS ''Missouri'' Will Be Opened Jan. 29 as Pearl Harbor Museum|first=Kris|last= Sherman|newspaper=The News Tribune|date=18 January 1999 |issn=1073-5860|id={{ProQuest|264780176}}}}</ref>

The Navy Facilities Engineering Command required that the bridge be low-profile to prevent any visual degradation to the USS ''Arizona'' memorial and to maintain Ford Island's historical and cultural value.<ref name="dedpam">{{cite book|title=Ford Island Bridge Dedication Ceremony Pamphlet|date=15 April 1998}}</ref>

==See also== {{Portal|Transport|Engineering|Hawaii}} *[[List of bridges in the United States#Hawaii|List of bridges in Hawaii]] *[[Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam]] *[[Transportation in Hawaii]] *[[Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Ford Island]]

==References== {{reflist|2}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline}} {{Ford Island}}

[[Category:Bridges completed in 1998]] [[Category:Road bridges in Hawaii]] [[Category:Pontoon bridges in the United States]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Honolulu County, Hawaii]] [[Category:Transportation in Honolulu County, Hawaii]] [[Category:1998 establishments in Hawaii]] [[Category:Concrete bridges in the United States]] [[Category:Girder bridges in the United States]] [[Category:Pedestrian bridges in the United States]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Hawaii]]