Adelaide-class frigate

{{Short description | Class of Australian guided missile frigates}} {{Use Australian English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image | image = HMAS Darwin F-04.jpg | image_caption = HMAS ''Darwin'', the fourth ship in the ''Adelaide'' class }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview | name = ''Adelaide'' class | builders = *Todd Pacific Shipyards, Seattle, Washington *Australian Marine Engineering Consolidated | operators = *{{navy|AUS}} (former) *{{navy|Chile}} | class_before = {{sclass|Daring|destroyer|1||1949}} | class_after = {{sclass|Hunter|frigate|1}} | subclasses = | cost = | built_range = 21 June 1978 – 21 February 1992 | in_service_range = 15 November 1980 – 27 September 2019 | in_commission_range = 15 November 1980 – 26 October 2019 | total_ships_completed = 6 | total_ships_active = 2 (Chile) | total_ships_laid_up = | total_ships_lost = | total_ships_retired = 4 | total_ships_preserved = }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics | class = Modified {{sclass|Oliver Hazard Perry|frigate|0}} guided missile frigate | displacement = 4,100 tons full load | length = *{{convert|408|ft|m|abbr=on}} at waterline *{{convert|455|ft|m|abbr=on}} overall | beam = {{convert|45|ft|m|abbr=on}} | draught = {{convert|22|ft|m|abbr=on}} | propulsion = {{OHP frigate propulsion}} | speed = Over {{convert|29|kn}} | range = {{cvt|4500|nmi}} at {{convert|20|kn}} | complement = 176–221 | sensors = *AN/SPS-49 radar *Mk 92 fire control system *AN/SPS-55 radar *FFG 01-04: AN/SQS-56 sonar *FFG 05-06: Mulloka sonar | armament = *8-cell Mk 41 VLS (32 quad-packed Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile) *Mk 13 missile launcher (40-missile magazine, Harpoon and SM-2MR missiles (replaced SM-1MR during refit)) *1 × OTO Melara 76 mm *1 × 20 mm Mk 15 Vulcan Phalanx *2 × triple 324 mm Mk 32 torpedo tubes | aircraft = 2 × S-70B Seahawk or 1 × Seahawk and 1 × AS350B Squirrel | notes = Mk 41 VLS, ESSM capability, and SM-2MR capability installed during the FFG Upgrade project }} }}

The '''''Adelaide'' class''' of six guided missile frigates was constructed in Australia and the United States for service in the Royal Australian Navy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McLaughlin |first=Andrew |title=Contract signed and work begins in Adelaide on first of navy's Hunter-class frigates |url=https://psnews.com.au/contract-signed-and-work-begins-in-adelaide-on-first-of-navys-hunter-class-frigates/137439/ |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=PS News |language=en}}</ref> Two were later sold to the Chilean Navy. The ''Adelaide'' class was based on the United States Navy's {{sclass|Oliver Hazard Perry|frigate|1}}s, but modified for Australian requirements. The first four vessels were built in the United States, and the final two were constructed in Australia. The first ship entered service in November 1980.

''Canberra'' and ''Adelaide'' were paid off in 2005 and 2008, respectively, and later sunk as dive wrecks. Their decommissioning offset the cost of a A$1 billion weapons and equipment upgrade to the remaining four ships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adelaide Class Frigate Models |url=https://sdmodelmakers.com/adelaide-class-frigate-12-inch-model.html#:~:text=Canberra%20and%20Adelaide%20were%20paid,as%20a%20moored%20training%20ship. |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=SD Model Makers |language=en}}</ref> As the {{sclass|Hobart|destroyer|0}} air-warfare destroyers entered service beginning in 2016, the remaining ''Adelaide''-class ships were progressively decommissioned beginning with ''Sydney'' in 2015. ''Darwin'' followed in 2017, and ''Newcastle'' and ''Melbourne'' went last in 2019. The final two were sold to Chile in 2020.

==Construction and acquisition== thumb|left|HMAS ''Adelaide'', the first ship of the class, in 1982 Following the cancellation of the Australian light destroyer project in 1973, the British Type 42 destroyer and the American {{sclass|Oliver Hazard Perry|frigate|1}} were identified as alternatives.<ref name=Jone220/> Although the Type 42 met the Royal Australian Navy (RAN)'s requirements as a replacement for the cancelled light destroyers and the {{sclass|Daring|destroyer|1||1949}}s, fitting the ship with the SM-1 missile would have been difficult.<ref name=Jone220/> On the other hand, the ''Oliver Hazard Perry'' class was still at the design stage; a design that was described by assessment project staff as "a second rate escort that falls short of the DDL [light destroyer] requirements on virtually every respect".<ref name=Jone220/><ref name=FramePP102.162>Frame, ''Pacific Partners'', pp. 102, 162</ref> Despite this, the Australian government approved the purchase of two US-built ''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class ships in 1974.<ref name=Jone220>Jones, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 220</ref>

The risk of acquiring an unproven design was seen as acceptable because of the success of the United States Navy (USN)'s {{sclass|Charles F. Adams|destroyer|1}} (of which the RAN operated three ships as the {{sclass|Perth|destroyer|4}}), when compared to the equivalent British ships the RAN would have purchased.<ref name=FramePP102.162/> Final government approval to order two ships was granted in 1976, with a third ship ordered in 1977.<ref name=FramePP162>Frame, ''Pacific Partners'', p. 162</ref> The order was expanded in April 1980 with the order of a fourth unit.<ref name=MacDougall345>MacDougall, ''Australians at war'', p. 345</ref> These four ships were built by Todd Pacific Shipyards of Seattle, Washington, as part of the USN's shipbuilding program, and were assigned USN hull numbers during construction, which were replaced with RAN pennant numbers upon entering service.<ref name=Hooton>Hooton, ''Perking-up the Perry class''</ref> The first, HMAS ''Adelaide'' (USN hull number FFG-17, RAN pennant number FFG 01) was built to the Flight I design, while ''Canberra'' (FFG-18/FFG 02) and ''Sydney'' (FFG-35/FFG 03) were the first and last ships of the Flight II design, respectively.<ref name=Hooton/> The final American-built ship was ''Darwin'' (FFG-44/FFG 04); constructed to the Flight III design.<ref name=Hooton/> In 1980, two more ships (''Melbourne'' and ''Newcastle'') were ordered, to be built in Australia by AMECON of Williamstown, Victoria. As they were built outside the US, they did not receive USN hull numbers.<ref name="MacDougall345" /><ref name="Hooton" /> Several improvements were made to ''Melbourne'' and ''Newcastle'' over their sister ships, receiving improved corrosion protection, updated versions of the Phalanx CIWS and fire control system, and the Australian-developed Mulloka sonar in use on the {{sclass|River|destroyer escort}}s in lieu of the American AN/SQS-56.<ref> name="ADFJ126"{{Cite journal |last=Earnshaw |first=Paul |title=The Australian Frigate Project |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/pdf/10.3316/informit.369339626104782 |journal=Australian Defence Force Journal |issue=126 |pages=14}}</ref>

==Armament== From the withdrawal of the ''Perth''-class destroyers in 2001 until the introduction of the {{sclass|Hobart|destroyer|4}} in 2017, these ships were the RAN's primary air defence vessels, armed with a Mark 13 missile launcher for SM-2MR missiles. They also have significant anti-surface capability, being armed with a {{convert|76|mm|in|adj=on}} Mk 75 gun and the Harpoon anti-ship missile (also fired by the Mark 13 launcher), and a pair of triple torpedo tubes for anti-submarine warfare (ASW). In addition, two S-70B Seahawk helicopters are carried.

thumb|left|HMAS ''Canberra'' firing a Harpoon anti-ship missile From 2005 onwards, all RAN frigates deploying to the Persian Gulf are fitted with two M2HB .50-calibre machine guns in Mini Typhoon mounts, installed on the aft corners of the hangar roof.<ref name=ScottEnhanced>Scott, ''Enhanced small-calibre systems offer shipborne stopping power''</ref> Two TopLite EO directors are used with the guns.<ref name=ScottEnhanced/>

The Australian frigates were originally fitted with American Mark 46 ASW torpedoes, but by 2008, they had been replaced with the European MU90 Impact torpedo in three of the four frigates as part of the FFG Upgrade, with the conversion of ''Newcastle'' underway at that point.<ref name=FishGrevatt>Fish & Grevatt, ''Australia's HMAS Toowoomba test fires MU90 torpedo''</ref>

==Upgrades== There have been two major upgrades distinguishing the ''Adelaide'' class from the American ''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigates.

===Lengthening=== The first three ships were constructed to the ''Oliver Hazard Perry'' class' 'short' hull design (Flight I and II), with an identical length for both the main deck and the keel.<ref name=Hooton/> Ships from FFG-36 onwards (including ''Darwin'') were built with an increase in overall length—achieved by angling the transom (the section between the fantail and the keel) to increase the area of the flight deck and allow the operation of Seahawk helicopters.<ref name=Hooton/> ''Adelaide'', ''Canberra'', and ''Sydney'' were later upgraded to match the slightly larger ships, and were fitted with the updated sonars and ESM systems of the Flight III design.<ref name=Hooton/>

===FFG Upgrade=== thumb|left|upright|HMAS ''Sydney''{{'}}s Mk&nbsp;41 VLS in 2007 In the mid-1990s, Paul Keating's Labor government decided to retain the ''Adelaide''-class frigates instead of replacing them with the more expensive and more labour-intensive, but much more capable {{sclass|Kidd|destroyer|1}}s, that the USN was selling off.<ref name=hazard(ous)/><ref name=cantgotowar>McPhedran, ''Frigates 'can't go to war' despite $1.4bn upgrade''</ref> Upgrades to the ''Oliver Hazard Perry'' class were problematic, due to "little reserved space for growth (39 tons in the original design), and the inflexible, proprietary electronics of the time", such that the "US Navy gave up on the idea of upgrades to face new communications realities and advanced missile threats". The USN had decommissioned 25 "FFG-7 Short" ships via "bargain basement sales to allies or outright retirement, after an average of only 18 years of service".<ref name="hazard(ous)" />

Keating's administration was succeeded by the Liberal government of John Howard, which commenced SEA 1390, also known as the FFG Upgrade Project.<ref name="hazard(ous)">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Australias Hazard(ous) Frigate Upgrades: Done at Last|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/australias-hazardous-frigate-upgrade-04586/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-05|website=Defense Industry Daily|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117182924/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com:80/australias-hazardous-frigate-upgrade-04586/ |archive-date=17 January 2008 }}</ref> Originally costing A$1 billion, which eventually increased to A$1.46 billion, the project included improvements to the combat and fire control system, the sonar suite, and the air defence missiles.<ref name=hazard(ous)/> The upgrade was for four ships, and intended to expand their service life to approximately 2020.<ref name=hazard(ous)/> The project cost was partly offset by the decommissioning of the two oldest units:<ref name="Saunders 2008 28">Saunders (ed.), ''Jane's Fighting Ships 2008–2009'', p. 28</ref> ''Canberra'' being decommissioned in 2005 and ''Adelaide'' in 2008. Modification of each ship took place at Garden Island Dockyard, with Australian Defence Industries (ADI, now Thales Australia) selected as project leader for the upgrade phase of the project.<ref name=hazard(ous)/>

By January 2008, the FFG Upgrade Project was running at least four years behind schedule.<ref name=ABCdud>Kirk & staff, ''Dud frigates an inherited nightmare''</ref> The frigates' anti-missile and anti-torpedo detection and defense systems could not be integrated as intended, leaving the ships vulnerable to attack.<ref name=ABCdud/> The first ship refitted, HMAS ''Sydney'', was initially not accepted back into service by the RAN because of the problems, these issues also prevented any refitted ship from serving in a combat zone.<ref name=cantgotowar/> Australian Defence Association executives and serving navy personnel have blamed both political parties for the problems: while the Howard Liberal government was responsible for the project, the preceding Labor government chose to maintain the frigates instead of replacing them with the ''Kidd''-class destroyers in the early 1990s.<ref name=hazard(ous)/><ref name=cantgotowar/>

thumb|''Sydney'' (foreground) and ''Darwin'' alongside at Fleet Base East in 2011 By November 2008, ''Darwin''{{'}}s upgrade had been completed, while the problems experienced with ''Sydney'' had been rectified in both ships.<ref name=worthwait>McPhedran, ''Australia's naval frigates 'worth the wait{{'}}''</ref> It was planned to start deploying these warships to the Gulf in 2009.<ref name=worthwait/> The RAN and Thales subsequently claimed that the two upgraded ships were the "most capable ships in the history of the RAN", and that once the other two ''Adelaide''s were upgraded, the navy would possess the "most lethal frigate fleet on earth".<ref name=worthwait/> It was reported at the same time that other nations operating guided missile frigates, including the United States, Canada, Greece, and Turkey were considering similar upgrades.<ref name=worthwait/>

After the four surviving ''Adelaide''-class ships were refitted, they were capable of firing SM-2MR and RGM-84 Harpoon missiles from the Mark 13 launcher.<ref name=hazard(ous)/> The replacement of the SM-1MR with the SM-2MR doubled the engagement range for air targets. An 8-cell Mark 41 Vertical Launch System for Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile had also been installed forward of the Mark 13 launcher. The Phalanx CIWS was upgraded to Block 1B, and the torpedoes, missiles, and other ship-mounted weapons were upgraded to the latest versions.<ref name=hazard(ous)/> All four ships had their hull sonars replaced with an improved version of the Spherion sets used on the {{sclass|Anzac|frigate}}s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cordner |first=Lee |date=March 2009 |title=Aussie Frigates Reborn |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2009/march/aussie-frigates-reborn |journal=U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings |location=Annapolis, Maryland |volume=135 |issue=3}}</ref>

==Fates== ''Canberra'' and ''Adelaide'' were decommissioned to offset the cost of upgrading the remaining four ships, with ''Canberra'' on 12 November 2005 and ''Adelaide'' on 19 January 2008.<ref name="Saunders 2008 28"/><ref name=Adelaidedecom>Australian Department of Defence, ''HMAS ''Adelaide'' Decommissions''</ref>

thumb|left|''Adelaide'' sinking off Avoca Beach on 13 April 2011 ''Canberra'' was subsequently sunk as a dive wreck on 4 October 2009, {{convert|2|nmi}} off Ocean Grove, Victoria, in {{convert|30|m|ft}} of water.<ref name=Draper>Draper, ''Old Warship sunk off Victoria's coast''</ref> ''Adelaide'' was converted into a dive wreck, but plans to scuttle her off Avoca Beach, New South Wales in April 2010 were postponed following protests by resident action groups and a tribunal hearing. The tribunal ordered the removal of wiring and paint from sections of the frigate before she was sunk on 13 April 2011.<ref>Harvey & West, ''Judge orders tough new rules for scuttling''</ref><ref>Fish, ''Australia's Adelaide ends 27 years of service''</ref><ref>Westbrook, ''Dolphins frolic, protesters sunk as frigate sent to the bottom''</ref>

''Sydney'' entered port for the final time in February 2015, but remained commissioned as an alongside training ship until 7 November.<ref name=DoDfinalentry>{{cite press release |title=Final entry into Sydney for city's namesake warship |url=http://news.defence.gov.au/2015/02/27/final-entry-into-sydney-for-citys-namesake-warship/ |publisher=Department of Defence |access-date=27 February 2015 |date=27 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227060815/http://news.defence.gov.au/2015/02/27/final-entry-into-sydney-for-citys-namesake-warship/ |archive-date=27 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=ABCdecom>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-07/hmas-sydney-retires-after-32-years-service/6921236 |title=HMAS Sydney decommissioned after 32 years of service |date=7 November 2015 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=7 November 2015}}</ref> In May 2017, having not received any offers to convert the hull for use as a dive wreck, ''Sydney'' was sold for scrap.<ref>{{cite press release|author=Minister for Defence Personnel|title=Ex-HMAS Sydney retires to Western Australia|url=http://news.navy.gov.au/en/May2017/Fleet/3744/Ex-HMAS-Sydney-retires-to-Western-Australia.htm#.WSgHs2iGOUk|website=Navy Daily|access-date=26 May 2017|date=18 May 2017|archive-date=21 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521002416/http://news.navy.gov.au/en/May2017/Fleet/3744/Ex-HMAS-Sydney-retires-to-Western-Australia.htm#.WSgHs2iGOUk|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''Darwin'' arrived in Sydney for the last time on 1 November 2017, prior to her decommissioning ceremony on 9 December.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radio/programs/pm/hmas-darwin/9109586 |title=HMAS Darwin sails into port for the last time ahead of decommissioning |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 November 2017 |website=PM with Dominique Schwarz |publisher=ABC |access-date=19 December 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.navy.gov.au/en/Dec2017/Fleet/4351/Navy-farewells-HMAS-Darwin-after-33-years-of-service.htm#.WjkY-tiyrmg |title=Navy farewells HMAS ''Darwin'' after 33 years of service |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=9 December 2017 |website=Navy News |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |access-date=19 December 2017 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222033719/http://news.navy.gov.au/en/Dec2017/Fleet/4351/Navy-farewells-HMAS-Darwin-after-33-years-of-service.htm#.WjkY-tiyrmg |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The upgraded ''Adelaide''-class frigates were replaced by three new ''Hobart''-class air warfare destroyers, equipped with the Aegis combat system, starting around 2016.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

In April 2017, the Polish government officially expressed interest in purchasing two of the remaining three frigates when they are retired from service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.australiandefence.com.au/news/ex-ran-ffgs-for-poland|title=Ex-RAN FFGs for Poland?|last=Kerr|first=Julian|date=30 March 2017|website=Australian Defence Magazine|publication-place=Sydney, Australia|access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/articles/poland-eyes-frigates-from-australia-submarines|title=Poland eyes frigates from Australia, new submarines|last=Adamowski|first=Jaroslaw|date=29 March 2017|website=Defense News|location=Warsaw, Poland|access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> Negotiations between the Australian and Polish Governments for the sale were unsuccessful. In January 2019 the Greek Government sent an expression of interest to the Department of Defence for ''Melbourne'' and ''Newcastle''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Levick |first1=Ewan |title=Greece shows interest in buying RAN FFGs |url=https://www.australiandefence.com.au/defence/sea/greece-shows-interest-in-buying-ran-ffgs |access-date=16 June 2019 |work=Australian Defence Magazine |date=24 January 2019}}</ref> In May 2019 it was reported that Chile had also shown interest in the two frigates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Australia preparing possible transfer of 2 Adelaide-class frigates to Chile |url=https://www.asiapacificdefensejournal.com/2019/05/australia-preparing-possible-transfer.html |access-date=29 September 2019 |work=Asia Pacific Defense Journal |date=30 May 2019}}</ref> On 27 December 2019, it was announced that ''Melbourne'' and ''Newcastle'' had been sold to Chile.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} {{Clear}} On 15 April 2020 the ships were handed over to the Chilean Navy and renamed ''Capitan Prat'' (FFG-11) (ex HMAS ''Newcastle'') and ''Almirante Latorre'' (FFG-14) (ex HMAS ''Melbourne'')<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gain |first1=Nathan |title=Ex-RAN Adelaide-Class Frigates Commissioned With The Chilean Navy |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2020/04/ex-ran-adelaide-class-frigates-commissioned-with-the-chilean-navy/ |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=Naval News |date=21 April 2020}}</ref>

==Ships== {|class="wikitable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! Name ! Pennant number ! Builder ! Laid down ! Launched ! Commissioned ! Paid off ! Status/fate |- !colspan=8 | {{navy|Australia}} |- |{{HMAS|Adelaide|FFG 01|2}} |FFG 01 |rowspan=4|Todd Pacific Shipyards, Seattle |29 July 1977 |21 June 1978 |15 November 1980 |19 January 2008 |Scuttled as dive wreck, 13 April 2011 |- |{{HMAS|Canberra|FFG 02|2}} |FFG 02 |1 March 1978 |1 December 1978 |21 March 1981 |12 November 2005 |Scuttled as dive wreck, 4 October 2009 |- |{{HMAS|Sydney|FFG 03|2}} |FFG 03 |16 January 1980 |26 September 1980 |29 January 1983 |7 November 2015 |Broken up at Henderson, Western Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=https://navaltoday.com/2017/05/18/retired-australian-frigate-leaves-sydney-for-scrapping/|title=Retired Australian frigate leaves Sydney for scrapping|website=Naval Today|date=18 May 2017 |access-date=29 May 2017}}</ref> |- |{{HMAS|Darwin|FFG 04|2}} |FFG 04 |3 July 1981 |26 March 1982 |21 July 1984 |9 December 2017 |Broken up at Henderson, Western Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cockburnexpress.online/ex-hmas-darwin-to-be-scrapped-at-henderson/|title=Ex-HMAS Darwin to be scrapped at Henderson|website=Cockburn Express|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=12 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012212709/https://cockburnexpress.online/ex-hmas-darwin-to-be-scrapped-at-henderson/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{HMAS|Melbourne|FFG 05|2}} |FFG 05 |rowspan=2|AMECON, Williamstown |12 July 1985 |5 May 1989 |15 February 1992 |26 October 2019 |Sold to Chile, as ''Almirante Latorre'' |- |{{HMAS|Newcastle|FFG 06|2}} |FFG 06 |21 July 1989 |21 February 1992 |11 December 1993 |30 June 2019 |Sold to Chile, as ''Capitan Prat'' |- ! colspan=8 | {{navy|Chile}} |- | ''Almirante Latorre'' | FFG 14 |rowspan=2|AMECON, Williamstown | 12 July 1985 | 5 May 1989 | 15 April 2020 | | In active service |- | ''Capitan Prat'' | FFG 11 | 21 July 1989 | 21 February 1992 | 15 April 2020 | | In active service |}

==See also== '''Equivalent frigates of the same era''' * {{sclass|Jacob van Heemskerck|frigate|4}} * {{sclass|Santa María|frigate|4}} * {{sclass|Godavari|frigate|4}} * {{sclass|Cheng Kung|frigate|4}} * {{sclass|Cassard|frigate|4}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Citation== ===Books=== *{{cite book |last=Frame |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Frame (bishop) |title=Pacific Partners: a history of Australian-American naval relations |year=1992 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |location=Rydalmere, NSW |isbn=0-340-56685-X |oclc=27433673}} *{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Peter |title=The Royal Australian Navy |editor=Stevens, David |series=The Australian Centenary History of Defence (vol III) |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=South Melbourne, VIC |isbn=0-19-555542-2 |oclc=50418095 |chapter=1972–1983: Towards Self-Reliance}} *{{cite book |last=MacDougall |first=Anthony Keith |title=Australians at war: a pictorial history |orig-year=1991 |edition=2nd (revised and expanded) |year=2002 |publisher=The Five Mile Press |location=Noble Park, Vic |isbn=1-86503-865-2 |oclc=260099887}} * {{cite journal|last1=N.A.|year=1990 |title=Australian Defence Boost|journal=Warship International|volume=XXVII |issue=2 |pages=192–194 |issn=0043-0374}} *{{cite book |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2008–2009 |editor=Saunders, Stephen |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Surrey |year=2008 |edition=111th |series=Jane's Fighting Ships |isbn=978-0-7106-2845-9 |oclc=225431774}}

===Journal articles=== *{{cite journal |last1=Fish |first1=Tim |last2=Grevatt |first2=Jon |date=24 June 2008 |title=Australia's HMAS Toowoomba test fires MU90 torpedo |journal=Jane's Navy International |publisher=Jane's Information Group}} *{{cite news |first=Tim |last=Fish |title=Australia's Adelaide ends 27 years of service |work=Jane's Navy International |publisher=Jane's Information Group |date=1 March 2008}} *{{cite journal |last=Hooton |first=E.R. |date=1 December 1996 |title=Perking-up the Perry class |journal=Jane's International Defence Review |publisher=Jane's Information Group |volume=9 |issue=9}} *{{cite journal |last=Scott |first=Richard |date=12 December 2007 |title=Enhanced small-calibre systems offer shipborne stopping power |journal=International Defence Review |publisher=Jane's Information Group}}

===News articles=== *{{cite news |url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/old-warship-sunk-off-victorias-coast-20091004-ghqq.html |title=Old Warship sunk off Victoria's coast |last=Draper |first=Michelle |date=4 October 2009 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=4 October 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091004121052/http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/old-warship-sunk-off-victorias-coast-20091004-ghqq.html| archive-date= 4 October 2009 | url-status= live}} *{{cite news |first=Alexandra |last=Kirk |author2=(and staff) |title=Dud frigates an inherited nightmare |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/01/02/2130610.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103064357/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/01/02/2130610.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2008 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=2 January 2008 |access-date=2008-04-22}} *{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/judge-orders-tough-new-rules-for-scuttling-20100915-15crw.html |title=Judge orders tough new rules for scuttling |last=Harvey |first=Ellie |author2=West, Andrew |date=16 September 2010 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=20 September 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100918103720/http://www.smh.com.au/environment/judge-orders-tough-new-rules-for-scuttling-20100915-15crw.html| archive-date= 18 September 2010 | url-status= live}} *{{cite news|first=Ian |last=McPhedran |author-link=Ian McPhedran |title=Frigates 'can't go to war' despite $1.4bn upgrade |url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22996234-2,00.html |url-status=dead |work=The Advertiser |publisher=News Limited |date=2 January 2008 |access-date=2008-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104091507/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C23599%2C22996234-2%2C00.html |archive-date=4 January 2008 }} *{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,24673269-5001021,00.html |title=Australia's naval frigates 'worth the wait' |last=McPhedran |first=Ian |date=19 November 2008 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=21 November 2008}} *{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/defence/dolphins-frolic-protesters-sunk-as-frigate-sent-to-the-bottom/story-e6frg8yo-1226038744242 |title=Dolphins frolic, protesters sunk as frigate sent to the bottom |last=Westbrook |first=Tom |date=13 April 2011 |work=The Australian |access-date=14 April 2011}}

===Websites and other media=== *{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/austra...-upgrade-04586/ |title=Australia's Hazard(ous) Frigate Upgrade |access-date=21 April 2008 |date=14 January 2008 |work=Defense Industry Daily |publisher=Watershed Publishing}} *{{cite press release |title=HMAS ''Adelaide'' Decommissions |publisher=Australian Department of Defence |date=20 January 2008 |url=http://www.defence.gov.au/media/DepartmentalTpl.cfm?CurrentId=7389 |access-date=2008-01-20 }}

==Further reading== *{{cite journal |url=http://www.defence.gov.au/publications/dfj/adfj126.pdf |title=The Australian Frigate Project |access-date=2009-04-24 |issue=127 |last=Earnshaw |first=Dr. Paul |date=September–October 1997 |journal=Australian Defence Force Journal |publisher=Department of Defence}}

==External links== {{Commons category}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121008043656/http://www.navy.gov.au/fleet/ships-boats-craft/ffg Guided Missile Frigate (FFG)], Royal Australian Navy webpage for the class *{{Cite web|url = http://www.navy.gov.au/fleet/ffgupgrade.html|title =FFG Ship Upgrade Project|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080715144629/http://www.navy.gov.au/fleet/ffgupgrade.html|archive-date = 15 July 2008|url-status = dead}}

{{Portal bar|Australia|Royal Australian Navy}} {{Royal Australian Navy}} {{Adelaide-class frigate}} {{Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate}} {{Chilean frigates (Modern Era)}}

Category:Frigate classes Category:Adelaide-class frigates