{{Short description|Species of bacterium}} {{Speciesbox | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Acinetobacter lwoffii | authority = (Audureau 1940) Brisou and Prévot 1954 (Approved Lists 1980) }}
'''''Acinetobacter lwoffii''''', formerly known as ''Mima polymorpha'' or ''Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. lwoffii'', is a non-fermentative Gram-negative bacillus bacterium that is a member of the genus ''Acinetobacter''. It is considered as normal skin flora and can also inhabit the human oropharynx and perineum of up to 25% of the population. In addition to that, it can cause infections in human hosts, particularly catheter-associated infections in immunocompromised patients.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ku|first1=SC|last2=Hsueh|first2=PR|last3=Yang|first3=PC|last4=Luh|first4=KT|title=Clinical and microbiological characteristics of bacteremia caused by Acinetobacter lwoffii.|journal=European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases|date=July 2000|volume=19|issue=7|pages=501–5|pmid=10968320|doi=10.1007/s100960000315|doi-access=free}}</ref> It has also been associated with at least one case of gastroenteritis.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Regalado|first1=NG|last2=Martin|first2=G|last3=Antony|first3=SJ|title=Acinetobacter lwoffii: bacteremia associated with acute gastroenteritis.|journal=Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease|date=September 2009|volume=7|issue=5|pages=316–7|pmid=19747669|doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2009.06.001}}</ref> Due to its ability to survive dry conditions, low pH, and a wide range of temperatures, ''A. lwoffii'', along with ''A. johnsonii'', has been found in frozen food, bacon, eggs, pasteurized milk, and fish. It is also resistant to many disinfectants, irradiation, and desiccation.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rathinavelu|first1=S|last2=Zavros|first2=Y|last3=Merchant|first3=JL|title=Acinetobacter lwoffii infection and gastritis.|journal=Microbes and Infection / Institut Pasteur|date=June 2003|volume=5|issue=7|pages=651–7|pmid=12787741|doi=10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00099-6|doi-access=free}}</ref> There are also many environmental ''A. lwoffii'' strains originating for instance from a permafrost or former gold mine.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Walter|first1=T|last2=Klim|first2=J|last3=Jurkiewicz|first3=M|title=Plasmidome of an environmental Acinetobacter lwoffii strain originating from a former gold and arsenic mine.|journal=Plasmid|date=May 2020|volume=110|article-number=102505|pmid=32380021|doi=10.1016/j.plasmid.2020.102505|doi-access=free}}</ref>
''Acinetobacter lwoffii'' has been reported as a pathogen in animals and humans and the presence of multidrug resistance in this species is of concern. ''A. lwoffii'' has been identified as a cause of neonatal sepsis, with isolates showing multidrug resistance but remaining sensitive to some antibiotics such as imipenem, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Mittal, S.|author2= Sharma, M.|author3= Yadav, A.|author4= Bala, K.|author5= Chaudhary, U.|year=2015|title=Acinetobacter lwoffii an emerging pathogen in neonatal ICU|journal=Infectious Disorders Drug Targets|volume=15|number=3|pages= 184–188 |doi=10.2174/1871526515666150826114745|pmid= 26307173}}</ref> Multidrug-resistant strains of ''A. lwoffii'' have been found in dairy cattle with mastitis in China, raising concerns about its role in livestock infections and possible risks for food safety and transmission to humans<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Chen, Q.|author2= Zhou, W.|author3= Cheng, Y.|author4= Wang, G.|author5= San, Z.|author6= Guo, L.|author7= Liu, L.|author8= Zhao, C.|author9= Sun, N.|year=2024|title=Four novel Acinetobacter lwoffii strains isolated from the milk of cows in China with subclinical mastitis|journal=BMC Veterinary Research|volume= 20|number=1 |article-number= 274|doi=10.1186/s12917-024-04119-3|pmid= 38918815|doi-access= free|pmc= 11201367}}</ref> ''A. lwoffii'' has been reported as a pathogen in Schizothorax fish in China, causing organ damage and showing resistance to several antibiotics.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Cao, S.|author2= Geng, Y.|author3= Yu, Z.|author4= Deng, L.|author5= Gan, W.|author6= Wang, K.|author7= Ou, Y.|author8= Chen, D.|author9= Huang, X.|author10= Zuo, Z.|author11= He, M.|author12= Lai, W.|year=2018|title=Acinetobacter lwoffii, an emerging pathogen for fish in Schizothorax genus in China|journal=Transboundary and Emerging Diseases|volume=65|number=6|pages= 1816–1822 |doi=10.1111/tbed.12957|pmid= 30239149}}</ref> More than 80% of isolates contain multiple plasmids, which contribute to antibiotic resistance, improving its ability to persist in diverse environments.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Rathinavelu, S.|author2= Zavros, Y.|author3= & Merchant, J. L.|year=2003|title=Acinetobacter lwoffii infection and gastritis|journal=Microbes and Infection|volume= 5|number=7|pages= 651–657 |doi=10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00099-6|pmid= 12787741}}</ref> Inhaling A. lwoffii has been shown to reduce asthma development in mice by changing lung immune cell activity and reducing type-2 responses.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Kang, H.|author2= Bang, J.|author3= Mo, Y.|author4= Shin, J. W.|author5= Bae, B.|author6= Cho, S.|author7= Kim, H. Y.|author8= Kang, H.|year=2021|title=Effect of acinetobacter lwoffii on the modulation of macrophage activation and asthmatic inflammation|journal=Clinical & Experimental Allergy|volume=52|number=4|pages=518–529 |doi=10.1111/cea.14077|pmid= 34874580}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=8058&submit=Search Type strain of ''Acinetobacter lwoffii'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase]
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Category:Moraxellaceae Category:Bacteria described in 1940 Category:Pathogenic bacteria
{{Pseudomonadales-stub}}