Achatinidae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Eocene|Recent}} | image = Achatina fulica Hawaii.jpg | image_caption = Giant African land snail, ''Lissachatina fulica'' | taxon = Achatinidae | authority = Swainson, 1840<ref>Swainson W. (1840). ''A treatise on malacology'''''161''': 334.</ref> }}

'''Achatinidae''' (New Latin, from Greek "''agate''") is a family of medium to large sized tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks from Africa.

Well known species include ''Achatina achatina'' the Giant African Snail, and ''Lissachatina fulica'' the Giant East African Snail.

As of 2022, there were 105 genera recognized within the family Achatinidae.

==Description== In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).<ref name="Barker">Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WlvX-9Wt0toC&hl The biology of terrestrial molluscs]''. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, {{ISBN|0-85199-318-4}}. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.</ref>

==Distribution== The native distribution of Achatinidae is Africa south of the Sahara.<ref name="AB">[http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/family?id=874 "Family summary for Achatinidae"]. AnimalBase, last change 24-11-2007, accessed 3 August 2010</ref>

==Taxonomy== As of 2022, the family Achatinidae contains the following subfamilies:<ref name="bank">{{WRMS source|278821|Bank, R. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017.|10 January 2019}}</ref> * Achatininae Swainson, 1840{{snd}}synonyms: Urceidae Chaper, 1884; Ampullidae Winckworth, 1945 * Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907 * Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916 * Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920 * Opeatinae Thiele, 1931 * Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999 * Pyrgininae Germain, 1916 * Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999 * Rumininae Wenz, 1923 * Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877 * Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877 * Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895

=== Genera === [[File:Burtoa nilotica (Pfeiffer, 1861) (4427629258).jpg|thumb|''Burtoa nilotica'' shell]] The following genera are recognised in the family Achatinidae:<ref>{{Cite web |title=WoRMS – World Register of Marine Species – Achatinidae Swainson, 1840 |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=816160 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.marinespecies.org}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=22em}} Achatininae * ''Achatina'' Lamarck, 1799{{snd}}type genus of the family Achatinidae<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref> * ''Archachatina'' Albers, 1850 * ''Atopocochlis'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888 * ''Bequaertina'' Mead, 1994 * ''Brownisca'' Mead, 2004 * ''Bruggenina'' Mead, 2004 * ''Burtoa'' Bourguignat, 1889 * ''Callistoplepa'' Ancey, 1888 * ''Cochlitoma'' Férussac, 1821 * ''Columna'' Perry, 1811 * ''Leptocala'' Ancey, 1888 * ''Leptocalina'' Bequaert, 1950 * ''Leptocallista'' Pilsbry, 1904 * ''Lignus'' Gray, 1834 * ''Limicolaria'' Schumacher, 1817 * ''Limicolariopsis'' d'Ailly, 1910 * ''Lissachatina'' Bequaert, 1950 * ''Metachatina'' Pilsbry, 1904 * ''Pseudachatina'' Albers, 1850

Coeliaxinae * ''Balfouria'' Crosse, 1884 * ''Coeliaxis'' H. Adams & Angas, 1865 * ''Ischnocion'' Pilsbry, 1907 * ''Nannobeliscus'' Weyrauch, 1967 * ''Neosubulina'' Smith, 1898 * ''Riebeckia'' von Martens, 1883

Cryptelasminae * ''Cryptelasmus'' Pilsbry, 1907 * ''Thomea'' Girard, 1893

Glessulinae * ''Glessula'' Martens, 1860

Opeatinae * ''Eremopeas'' Pilsbry, 1906 * ''Opeas'' Albers, 1850

Petriolinae * ''Aporachis'' D. T. Holyoak, 2020 * ''Bocageia'' Girard, 1893 * ''Ceras'' Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901 * ''Chilonopsis'' Fischer de Waldheim, 1848 * ''Cleostyla'' Dall, 1896 * ''Comoropeas'' Pilsbry, 1906 * ''Dictyoglessula'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''Homorus'' Albers, 1850 * ''Ischnoglessula'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''Itiopiana'' Preston, 1910 * ''Kempioconcha'' Preston, 1913 * ''Liobocageia'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''Mabilliella'' Ancey, 1886 * ''Nothapalinus'' Connolly, 1923 * ''Nothapalus'' von Martens, 1897 * ''Oleata'' Ortiz de Zarate, 1959 * ''Oreohomorus'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''Petriola'' Dall, 1905 * ''Subuliniscus'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''Subulona'' Martens, 1889

Pyrgininae * ''Pseudobalea'' Shuttleworth, 1854 * ''Pyrgina'' Greef, 1882

Rishetiinae * ''Bacillum'' Theobald, 1840 * ''Eutomopeas'' Pilsbry, 1946 * ''Rishetia'' Godwin-Austen, 1920 * ''Tortaxis'' Pilsbry, 1906

Rumininae * ''Krapfiella'' Preston, 1911 * ''Lubricetta'' Haas, 1928 * ''Namibiella'' Zilch, 1954 * ''Rumina'' Risso, 1826 * ''Xerocerastus'' Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902

Stenogyrinae * ''Chryserpes'' Pilsbry, 1906 * ''Cupulella'' Aguayo & Jaume, 1948 * †''Cylindrogyra'' Repelin, 1902 * ''Dolicholestes'' Pilsbry, 1906 * ''Lyobasis'' Pilsbry, 1903 * ''Neobeliscus'' Pilsbry, 1896 * †''Nisopsis'' Matheron, 1888 * ''Obeliscus'' Beck, 1837 * ''Ochroderma'' Ancey, 1885 * ''Ochrodermatina'' Thiele, 1931 * ''Ochrodermella'' Pilsbry, 1907 * ''Plicaxis'' Sykes, 1903 * ''Promoussonius'' Pilsbry, 1906 * ''Protobeliscus'' Pilsbry, 1906 * ''Rhodea'' Adams & Adams, 1855 * ''Stenogyra'' Shuttleworth, 1854 * ''Synapterpes'' Pilsbry, 1896 * ''Zoniferella'' Pilsbry, 1906

Subulininae * ''Allopeas'' H. B. Baker, 1935 * ''Beckianum'' Baker, 1961 * ''Curvella'' Chaper, 1885 * ''Dysopeas'' Baker, 1927 * ''Euonyma'' Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896 * ''Fortuna'' Schlickum & Strauch, 1972 * ''Hypolysia'' Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901 * ''Lamellaxis'' Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882 * ''Lavajatus'' Simone, 2018 * ''Leptinaria'' Beck, 1837 * ''Leptopeas'' Baker, 1927 * ''Micropeas'' Connolly, 1923 * ''Neoglessula'' Pilsbry, 1909 * †''Opetiopsis'' S.-Y. Guo, 1983 * ''Paropeas'' Pilsbry, 1906 * ''Pelatrinia'' Pilsbry, 1907 * ''Prosopeas'' Mörch, 1876 * ''Pseudoglessula'' Boettger, 1892 * ''Pseudopeas'' Putzeys, 1899 * ''Striosubulina'' Thiele, 1933 * ''Subulina'' Beck, 1837 * ''Vegrandinia'' Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013 * ''Zootecus'' Westerlund, 1887

Thyrophorellinae * ''Thyrophorella'' Greeff, 1882

Other subfamilies * †''Arabicolaria'' Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016 * †''Pacaudiella'' Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016 {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

== External links== * {{Wikispecies-inline}} * {{Commons category-inline}} * [http://home.global.co.za/~peabrain/achatina.htm Achatinidae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916020246/http://home.global.co.za/~peabrain/achatina.htm |date=2018-09-16 }} * [http://www.petsnails.co.uk/species/ Extensive information on ''Achatina'' and ''Archachatina'' in captivity with a helpful forum.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100615051116/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/gas/index.shtml US Dept of Agriculture]

Category:Achatinidae Category:Extant Pleistocene first appearances Category:Gastropod families