Acanthopagrus

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Acanthopagrus butcheri 01.jpg | image_caption = ''Acanthopagrus butcheri'' | taxon = Acanthopagrus | authority = [[Wilhelm Peters|W. K. H. Peters]], 1855 | type_species = ''Chrysophrys vagus'' | type_species_authority = W. K. H. Peters, 1852<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Sparidae|access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref> | synonyms = {{Genus list | Mylio | [[Ian Stafford Ross Munro|Munro]], 1949 | Neosparus | [[Masato Akazaki|Akazaki]] 1994 }} | synonyms_ref = <ref name = CofF/> }}

'''''Acanthopagrus''''' is a [[genus]] of marine [[ray-finned fish]]es belonging to the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Sparidae]], the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

==Taxonomy== ''Acanthopagrus'' was first proposed as a [[monospecific genus]] in 1855 by the German zoologist [[Wilhelm Peters]], with its only species, and [[type species]], being ''Chrysophrys vagus'' which Peters had [[Species description|described]] in 1852 from [[Vila de Sena|Sena]] on the [[Zambezi River]] in Mozambqiue.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Acanthopagrus|access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref> The genus ''Acanthopagrus'' is placed in the family Sparidae within the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Spariformes]] by the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]''.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=502–506 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae,<ref name = Parenti>{{cite journal |author= Parenti, P. |year=2019 |title=An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae |journal=FishTaxa |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=47–98 |url= https://fishtaxa.com/menuscript/index.php/ft/article/view/49/52}}</ref> but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.<ref name = Nelson5/>

==Etymology== ''Acanthopagrus'' is a compound of ''acanthus'', meaning "thorn" or "spine", this allusion was not explained by Peters but may be a reference to the robust spines on the [[dorsal fin]] and the enlarged second anal-fin spine of the type species, with ''pagrus'', which is derived from ''phagros'', an ancient Greek name for sea breams, used as far back as [[Aristotle]]'s life.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |title=Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |access-date=18 December 2023 |date=17 October 2022 |publisher=Christopher Scharpf |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030165034/https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Species== There are currently 22 recognized species in this genus:<ref name = CofF2/>

* ''[[Acanthopagrus akazakii]]'' [[Yukio Iwatsuki|Iwatsuki]], [[Seishi Kimura|Kimura]] & [[Tetsuo Yoshino|Yoshino]], 2006 (New Caledonian seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus arabicus]]'' Iwatsuki, 2013 (Arabian yellowfin seabream) <ref name=Iwatsuki2013>{{cite journal | last=Iwatsuki |first= Y. |year=2013|title= Review of the ''Acanthopagrus latus'' complex (Perciformes: Sparidae) with descriptions of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean | journal=Journal of Fish Biology| volume= 83| issue=1| pages= 64–95 | doi=10.1111/jfb.12151|pmid= 23808693 |bibcode= 2013JFBio..83...64I | doi-access=free}}</ref> * ''[[Acanthopagrus australis]]'' [[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1859 (Surf bream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus berda]]'' [[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1775 (Goldsilk seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus bifasciatus]]'' [[Peter Forsskål|Forsskål]], 1775 (Twobar seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus butcheri]]'' [[Ian Stafford Ross Munro|Munro]], 1949 (Southern black bream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus catenula]]'' [[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1801 (Bridled seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus chinshira]]'' [[Masayuki Kume|Kume]] & Yoshino, 2008 (Okinawan yellowfin seabream)

* ''[[Acanthopagrus oconnorae]]'' [[Lucía Pombo-Ayora|Pombo-Ayora]], Viktor N. Peinemann, Collin T. Williams, Song He, Yu Jia Lin, Yukio Iwatsuki, Donal D. C. Bradley and [[Michael L. Berumen|Berumen]], 2022<ref>Lucía Pombo-Ayora, Viktor N. Peinemann, Collin T. Williams, Song He, Yu Jia Lin, Yukio Iwatsuki, Donal D. C. Bradley and Michael L. Berumen. 2022. Acanthopagrus oconnorae, A New Species of Seabream (Sparidae) from the Red Sea. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15147</ref><ref>Researchgate.net/publication/361611221_Acanthopagrus_oconnorae_a_new_species_of_Sparidae_from_the_Red_Sea</ref>

* ''[[Acanthopagrus datnia]]'' [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|Hamilton]], 1822 (Bengal Yellowfin Seabream)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hasan|first=M. E. et al. (2020)|title=Acanthopagrus datnia (Hamilton, 1822), a senior synonym of Acanthopagrus longispinnis (Valenciennes, 1830) (Perciformes: Sparidae). Zootaxa 4750 (2): 131-151|journal=Zootaxa |date=11 March 2020 |volume=4750 |issue=2 |pages=151–181 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4750.2.1 |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4750.2.1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314073849/https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4750.2.1 |archive-date=2020-03-14 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> * ''[[Acanthopagrus estuarius]]'' ([[John Gilchrist (zoologist)|Gilchrist]] & [[William Wardlaw Thompson|W. W. Thompson]] 1908) * ''[[Acanthopagrus latus]]'' [[Martinus Houttuyn|Houttuyn]], 1782 (Yellowfin seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus morrisoni]]'' Iwatsuki, 2013 (Western yellowfin seabream) <ref name=Iwatsuki2013/> * ''[[Acanthopagrus oconnorae]]'' [[Pombo-Ayora & Peinemann]], 2022 (Red Sea Yellowfin Seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus omanensis]]'' Iwatsuki & [[Phillip C. Heemstra|Heemstra]], 2010 (Black margined seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus pacificus]]'' Iwatsuki, Kume & Yoshino, 2010 (Pacific seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus palmaris]]'' [[Gilbert Percy Whitley|Whiltey]], 1935 (North West black bream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus randalli]]'' Iwatsuki & [[Kent E. Carpenter|K. E. Carpenter]], 2009 (Middle East black seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus schlegelii]]'' [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1854 (Blackhead seabream) ** ''A. s. czerskii'' [[Lev Berg|L. S. Berg]], 1914 ** ''A. s. schlegelii'' Bleeker, 1854 * ''[[Acanthopagrus sheim]]'' Iwatsuki, 2013 (Spotted yellowfin seabream) <ref name=Iwatsuki2013/> * ''[[Acanthopagrus sivicolus]]'' [[Masato Akazaki|Akazaki]], 1962 (Okinawa seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus taiwanensis]]'' Iwatsuki & K. E. Carpenter, 2006 (Taiwan picnic seabream) * ''[[Acanthopagrus vagus]]'' W. K. H. Peters, 1852 (River bream)

==Characteristics== ''Acanthopagrus'' sea breams are characterised by the possessopn of a number of pairs of large, peg-shaped canines in the front of the jaw, an outer row of shorter canines along each side of the jaws and a few inner rows of rounded molar-like teeth at the rear of the jaws. The molar-like teeth become slightly larger towards the rear of each jaw. The dorsal fin is supported by between 12 and 15, infrequently 10 or 11, segmented rays and the [[anal fin]] is supported by 8 to 10 segmented rays. The second spine of the anal fin is very robust and is markedly longer than the third spines. Most of the scales are [[ctenoid]] but there are no scales on the space between the eyes.<ref name = FofA>{{cite web |author=Martin F. Gomon |author2=Dianne J. Bray |title=''Acanthopagrus'' |work=Fishes of Australia |access-date=19 December 2023 |url=https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/genus/12 |publisher=Museums Victoria}}</ref> They have moderately deep compressed bodies and moderately large eyes. Their overall colour is silvery with a darker back and paler belly.<ref name = Heemstra>{{cite book |author=Yukio Iwatsuki |author2=Phillip C Heemstra |name-list-style=and |chapter=Family Sparidae |pages=284–315 |title=Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean |volume=3 |editor1=[[Phil Heemstra|Phillip C Heemstra]] |editor2=Elaine Heemstra |editor3=David A Ebert |editor4=Wouter Holleman |editor5=[[John Ernest Randall|John E Randall]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-990951-32-9 |publisher=South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity |url=https://saiab.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1._wiof_volume_3_text.pdf}}</ref> The largest species in the genus is the goldsilk seabream (''A. berda'') with a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|90|cm}} while the smallest is ''A. akazakii''.<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Acanthopagrus|month=October|year=2023}}</ref>

==Distribution== ''Acanthopagrus'' sea breams are found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans from the eastern coast of Africa and the [[Red Sea]] as far east as [[New Caledonia]], south to Australia and north to Japan.<ref name = Heemstra/><ref name = Fishbase/>

==See also== *[[Sparus]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Sparidae]] [[Category:Acanthopagrus| ]] [[Category:Marine fish genera]] [[Category:Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters]] [[Category:Spariform fish genera]]