Abu Qir

{{redirect|Aboukir|ships of the British navy|HMS Aboukir{{!}}HMS ''Aboukir''|the sponge cake|Aboukir (cake)}} {{Infobox settlement   | name = Abu Qir | native_name = ابو قير | other_name = | settlement_type = | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo2a = AbuQir10RamadanMosque.jpg | photo2b = AbuQirSoldier.jpg | photo3a = | photo3b = AbuQirBeach.jpg | size = 240 | spacing = 2 | color = transparent | border = 0 | text = ''Top left'': 10th of Ramadan Mosque<br> ''Top right'': memorial statue of a muslim warrior<br> ''Bottom'': beach at the north of the town | text_background = #FFDEAD }} | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | nickname = | motto =  | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Egypt | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Egypt  | coordinates = {{coord|31|19|N|30|04|E|region:EG|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Egypt}} | subdivision_type1 = Governorate | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name1 = Alexandria Governorate | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title =  | established_date =  | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 =  | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = Imperial  | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 =  | area_land_km2 =   | elevation_footnotes =  | elevation_m = | elevation_ft =  | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities | population_blank1 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi=  | population_note = | postal_code_type =  | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = }} '''Abu Qir''' ({{langx|ar|ابو قير|Abu Qīr}}, {{IPA|arz|æbuˈ|}} or {{IPA|arz|æbo ʔiːɾ|}}; {{Langx|cop|ⲁⲡⲁⲕⲩⲣⲓ}} {{Transliteration|cop|Apakyri}}), formerly also spelled '''Abukir''' or '''Aboukir''',{{sfnp|Griffith|1911}} is a town on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, near the ruins of ancient Canopus and {{convert|23|km|mi|sp=us|0}} northeast of Alexandria by rail. It is located on Abu Qir Peninsula, with Abu Qir Bay to the east.

==Name== The town's present name is Arabic for "Father Cyrus", one of a pair of fourth century Christian martyrs venerated as Saints Cyrus and John by the Coptic Church.{{sfnp|Griffith|1911}}

==History== {{Main|Canopus, Egypt|Battle of the Nile}} [[File:Bataille d'Aboukir, 25 juillet 1799.jpg|thumb|''The Battle of Aboukir'' by Louis-François Lejeune]] The remains of many ancient buildings from the Egyptian, Greek and Roman periods can be found near the town. About {{convert|3|km|sp=us|0}} southeast of the town are the ruins of the Ancient Egyptian coastal town of Canopus. A little farther east, the now-dry Canopic branch of the Nile once entered the Mediterranean.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911}}

The wide Abu Qir Bay (Khalīj Abū Qīr) stretches eastward from the town as far as the Rosetta mouth of the Nile. On 1 August 1798 the bay was the location of the Battle of the Nile, fought by the British Admiral Horatio Nelson. The battle is often referred to as the "Battle of Aboukir Bay", though this title is more properly applied to Battle of Abukir of 1799, an engagement between the French expeditionary army and the Turks under Mustapha Pasha fought on 25 July the following year.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Connelly |first=Owen |year=2006 |title=Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns |edition=third |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |pages=55–56 |isbn=978-0-7425-5317-0 }}</ref> Later in the war, on 8 March 1801 at the beginning of the Battle of Alexandria, units of the British army commanded by Sir Ralph Abercromby landed from their transports near the town, and faced strenuous opposition from General Louis Friant's French forces entrenched on the beach.<ref name="Farwell">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Aboukir / Abukir |last=Farwell |first=Byron |year=2001 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=m-XpP_pdANcC&pg=PA3 3] |isbn=978-0-393-04770-7 }}</ref> The battle continued further down the peninsula toward Alexandria and did not end until 22 March.<ref name="Farwell" />

The town contains a castle that was used as a state prison by Muhammad Ali in the early 19th century.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911}} The prison was known as Liman Abu Qir.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fahmy |first=Khaled |year=2004 |chapter=Chapter 15: Towards a Social History of Modern Alexandria |editor-last1=Hirst |editor-first1=Anthony |editor-last2=Silk |editor-first2=Michael |title=Alexandria, Real and Imagined |location=Aldershot, England |publisher=Ashgate |pages=281–306, page 285 |url=https://www.academia.edu/30316699 |url-access=subscription |isbn=978-0-7546-3890-2 }}</ref>

In 2000, an Italian archaeological team discovered the remains of British officers, sailors, marines, women, and children on Nelson's Island, which lies in the bay.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Slope |first=Nick |date=17 February 2011 |title=Women in Nelson's Navy: Burials on Nelson's Island |newspaper=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/women_nelson_navy_01.shtml#five }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Reburial for Nelson's comrades |date=18 April 2005 |newspaper=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4455033.stm }}</ref>

==Climate== Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), but it lies at the northern coast of Egypt, moderating its temperatures. Due to its proximity to Alexandria, it has a very similar climate. The wettest places in Egypt are Rafah, Alexandria, Abu Qir, Rosetta, Baltim, Kafr El Dawwar, Mersa Matruh.

{{Weather box |metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Abu Qir |Jan high C=17.8 |Feb high C=18.4 |Mar high C=20.6 |Apr high C=23.5 |May high C=26.6 |Jun high C=29 |Jul high C=29.7 |Aug high C=30.6 |Sep high C=29.7 |Oct high C=28.2 |Nov high C=24.5 |Dec high C=20.1

|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org''<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate: Abu Qir - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/32439/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|access-date=17 August 2013}}</ref>

}}

==Notes== {{reflist|30em}}

==References== * {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Canopus |ref=none |volume=5 |page=23 }} * {{Cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |last=Griffith |first=Francis Llewellyn |authorlink=Francis Llewellyn Griffith |wstitle=Canopus |volume=5 |page=203 }}

'''Attribution:''' * {{EB1911 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Aboukir |volume=1 |page=69 }}

==External links== *{{Wikisource inline |list= ** {{cite CE1913 |first=Siméon |last=Vailhé |wstitle=Canopus |volume=3 |noicon=x |short=x}} ** {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Aboukir |noicon=x |short=x}} }} {{Neighborhoods in Alexandria}} {{Authority control}}

Category:Populated places in Alexandria Governorate