{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Abiotrophia | authority = Y. Kawamura ''et al.'' 1995<ref name=moved/> | type_species = ''Abiotrophia defectiva'' | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text }}
'''''Abiotrophia''''' is a genus of lactic acid bacteria, a family in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).
==Species== The genus contains 4 species of coccus shaped species,<ref name=main/> 2 are former members of the genus ''Streptococcus'', which were transferred in 1995 to the newly coined genus ''Abiotrophia'':<ref name=moved>{{Cite web |url=http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/4/798 |title=KAWAMURA (Y.), HOU (X.G.), SULTANA (F.), LIU (S.), YAMAMOTO (H.) and EZAKI (T.): Transfer of ''Streptococcus'' ''adjacens'' and ''Streptococcus'' ''defectivus'' to ''Abiotrophia'' gen. nov. as ''Abiotrophia'' ''adiacens'' comb. nov. and ''Abiotrophia'' ''defectiva'' comb. nov., respectively. ''Int''. ''J''. ''Syst''. ''Bacteriol''., 1995, '''45''', 798-803. |access-date=2011-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717000215/http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/4/798 |archive-date=2010-07-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''A. adiacens'' ( (Bouvet ''et'' ''al''. 1989) Kawamura ''et'' ''al''. 1995; Latin feminine gender adjective ''adiacens'', adjacent, indicating that this organism can grow as satellite colonies adjacent to other bacterial growth.) * ''A. defectiva'' ( (Bouvet ''et'' ''al''. 1989) Kawamura ''et'' ''al''. 1995, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus).; Latin feminine gender adjective ''defectiva'', deficient.)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030915225839/http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/4/798 KAWAMURA (Y.), HOU (X.G.), SULTANA (F.), LIU (S.), YAMAMOTO (H.) and EZAKI (T.): Transfer of ''Streptococcus'' ''adiacens'' and ''Streptococcus'' ''defectivus'' to ''Abiotrophia'' genitive case nov. as ''Abiotrophia'' ''adiacens'' comb. nov. and ''Abiotrophia'' ''defectiva'' comb. nov., respectively. ''Int''. ''J''. ''Syst''. ''Bacteriol''., 1995, '''45''', 798-803.]</ref> Other 2 are latter additions: * ''A. balaenopterae'' ( Lawson ''et'' ''al''. 1999; Neo-Latin genitive case noun ''balaenopterae'', pertaining to the minke whale, ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'', from which the organism was isolated.)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/2/503 |title=Abiotrophia balaenopterae sp. nov., isolated from the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) |access-date=2011-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717022514/http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/2/503 |archive-date=2010-07-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''A. elegans'' ( Roggenkamp ''et'' ''al''. 1999; Latin feminine gender adjective ''elegans'', choice, nice, elegant.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/49/1/1 |title=Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB -- 49 (1): 1 -- International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology |access-date=2011-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307074508/http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/49/1/1 |archive-date=2011-03-07 }}</ref> ''Abiotrophia elegans'' was reclassified to ''Granulicatella elegans''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Christensen |first1=J. J. |last2=Facklam |first2=R. R. |title=Granulicatella and Abiotrophia Species from Human Clinical Specimens |journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology |date=1 October 2001 |volume=39 |issue=10 |pages=3520–3523 |doi=10.1128/JCM.39.10.3520-3523.2001|pmid=11574566 |pmc=88382 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
In 2000, Collins and Lawsons further differentiated ''A. adiacens'', ''A. balaenopterae'' and ''A. elegans'' from ''A. defectiva'' by placing them into the new genus ''Granulicatella''.<ref>Collins M, Lawson P. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50(1):365-369 doi:10.1099/00207713-50-1-365 </ref>
==Etymology== {{see also|Bacterial taxonomy}} The name Abiotrophia derives from: Greek prefix ''ἄ (a)''-, negative (un-); Greek noun ''βιος (bios)'', life; Greek noun ''τροφιά (trophia)'', nutrition; Neo-Latin feminine gender noun ''Abiotrophia'', life-nutrition-deficiency.<ref name=main>{{lpsn|a/abiotrophia.html|Abiotrophia}}</ref>
==Genome Sequence== For the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), the genome of ''Abiotrophia defectiva'' ATCC 49176 has been sequenced (assembly) as it is a resident of human oral cavity and urogenital and intestinal tracts and is a cause of infective endocarditis, showing it to have 3291 protein encoded in a 3.4774 Mbp genome with a GC content of 37.0% <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/33011 |title = Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176 (ID 33011) - BioProject - NCBI}}</ref>
==Disease== Formerly classified as nutritionally variant streptococci, ''A. elegans'' had been identified as a cause of 1 to 2% of blood culture negative bacterial infective endocarditis.<ref name=Sharaf>{{cite journal |author = Sharaf MA, Shaikh N.| title = Abiotrophia endocarditis: case report and review of the literature. |journal = Can J Cardiol |volume = 21 | issue = 14 |pages = 1309–11 |date= Dec 2005 | pmid = 16341303 }}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== *https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235439/http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/bacterial_nomenclature_info.php?genus=ABIOTROPHIA *https://web.archive.org/web/20070608035407/http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/a/abiotrophia.html *{{in lang|fr}} https://web.archive.org/web/20070608043826/http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/bacdico/aa/abiotrophia.html
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Category:Lactobacillales Category:Bacteria genera
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