{{Short description|Nabataean Arab dynasty ruling Edessa and Osroene (134 BC - 242 AD)}} {{Infobox family| |surname=Abgarid |estate= |coat of arms= |caption= |parent house= |country = Kingdom of Osroene, with the capital most of the time at Edessa |titles= |founder= |final ruler = Abgar X Frahad |current head = Extinct |founding year = 134 BC |dissolution = AD 242 (?) |cadet branches= }} {{main|Osroene}}
The '''Abgarid dynasty''' was a dynasty of Nabataean Arab origin.{{sfn|Ramelli|2018}}{{sfn|Sartre|2005|page=500}} Members of the dynasty, the Abgarids, reigned between 134 BC and AD 242 over the city of Edessa and the Kingdom of Osroene in Upper Mesopotamia.{{sfn|Ramelli|2018}} Some members of the dynasty bore Iranian names, while others had Arabic names, including Abgar itself.{{sfn|Segal|1982|pages=210-213|ignore-err=yes}} J.B. Segal notes that the names ending in "-u" are "undoubtedly Nabatean".{{sfn|Segal|1982|pages=210-213|ignore-err=yes}} The Abgarid dynasts spoke "a form of Aramaic".{{sfn|Segal|1982|pages=210-213|ignore-err=yes}}
Following the Battle of Carrhae (53 BC), members of the dynasty pursued a broadly pro-Parthian policy for about two centuries.{{sfn|Segal|1982|pages=210-213|ignore-err=yes}} At the turn of the 2nd century AD, the Romans turned Osroene into a Roman client state.{{sfn|Segal|1982|pages=210-213|ignore-err=yes}} During Caracalla's reign ({{reign}}198–217), most likely in 214, Abgar IX Severus was deposed and Osroene was incorporated as a Roman province (''colonia'').{{sfn|Segal|1982|pages=210-213|ignore-err=yes}} Thereafter, Abgarid dynasts ruled either only in name{{sfn|Segal|1982|pages=210–213|ignore-err=yes}} or over a limited territory of their former kingdom.{{sfn|Mosig-Walburg|2018|pp=384-386}}
==Kings== {| class="wikitable" align="center" | style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width: 75%" |+'''Kings of Edessa/Osroene''' !width="220px"|King !! align="center" width="120px"|Reign !! |Comments |- |Aryu||132–127 BC || |- |Abdu, son of Maz'ur || 127–120 BC|| |- |Fradasht, son of Gebar'u || 120–115 BC|| |- |Bakru I, son of Fradasht|| 115–112 BC|| |- |Bakru II, son of Bakru|| 112–94 BC|| Ruled alone |- |Bakru II and Ma'nu I||94 BC|| Ruled together |- |Bakru II and Abgar I Piqa|| 94–92 BC|| Ruled together |- |Abgar I|| 92–68 BC||Ruled alone |- |Abgar II, son of Abgar I || 68–53 BC|| |- |'''Interregnum'''|| 53–52 BC || |- |Ma'nu II || 52–34 BC|| |- |Paqor|| 34–29 BC || |- |Abgar III || 29–26 BC|| |- |Abgar IV Sumaqa|| 26–23 BC || |- |Ma'nu III Saflul|| 23–4 BC || |- |Abgar V Ukkama, son of Ma'nu || 4 BC–7 AD|| 1st tenure |- |Ma'nu IV, son of Ma'nu|| 7–13 AD || |- |Abgar V Ukkama || 13–50 AD|| 2nd tenure |- |Ma'nu V, son of Abgar|| 50–57 AD || |- |Ma'nu VI, son of Abgar|| 57–71 AD || |- |Abgar VI, son of Ma'nu || 71–91 AD|| |- |'''Interregnum'''|| 91–109 AD || |- |Abgar VII, son of Ezad || 109–116 AD|| |- |'''Interregnum'''|| 116–118 AD || |- |Yalur (Yalud) and Parthamaspates|| 118–122 AD || Ruled together |- |Parthamaspates|| 122–123 AD || Ruled alone |- |Ma'nu VII, son of Ezad || 123–139 AD|| |- |Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu|| 139–163 AD || First tenure |- |Wa'el, son of Sahru|| 163–165 AD || Installed by the Parthians |- |Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu|| 165–177 AD|| Second tenure |- |Abgar VIII the Great, son of Ma'nu|| 177–212 AD || |- |Abgar IX Severus, son of Abgar|| 212–214 AD || Deposed by the Romans; Osroene incorporated as a Roman province (''colonia''){{sfn|Sartre|2005|page=508}}{{sfn|Segal|1982|pages=210-213|ignore-err=yes}} |- |Ma'nu IX, son of Abgar (?)|| 214–240 AD|| Maybe ruled only in name{{sfn|Mosig-Walburg|2018|pp=384-386}} |- |Abgar X Frahad, son of Ma'nu|| 240–242 AD|| Maybe ruled only in name{{sfn|Mosig-Walburg|2018}} |}
==References== {{reflist|30em}}
==Sources== * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Abgarids |last1=Ramelli|first1=Ilaria L.E.|authorlink1=Ilaria Ramelli|editor-last1=Hunter|editor-first1=David G. |editor-last2 = van Geest | editor-first2 = Paul J.J.| editor-first3 = Bert Jan Lietaert | editor-last3 = Peerbolte | encyclopedia = Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2018 | isbn = |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-encyclopedia-of-early-christianity-online/*-SIM_00000012}} * {{Cite book|last=Mosig-Walburg|first=Karin|chapter=Ma'nu paṣgribā, Vater des Königs Aelius Septimius Abgar X. Ein ,king in waiting'?|trans-chapter=Ma'nu paṣgribā, father of King Aelius Septimius Abgar X. A 'king in waiting'?|editor-last1=Ruffing|editor-first1=Kai|editor-last2=Droß-Krüpe|editor-first2=Kerstin|pages=371–387|title=Emas non quod opus est, sed quod necesse est. Beiträge zur Wirtschafts-, Sozial-, Rezeptions- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Antike. Festschrift für Hans-Joachim Drexhage zum 70. Geburtstag|publisher=Harrassowitz|location=Wiesbaden|year=2018|isbn=978-3-447-11087-7}} * {{cite book |last1=Sartre |first1=Maurice |authorlink1=Maurice Sartre|editor1-last=Bowman |editor1-first=Alan K. |editor-link1=Alan Bowman (classicist)|editor-last2=Garnsey |editor2-first=Peter |editor-link2=Peter Garnsey|editor3-last=Cameron |editor3-first=Averil |editor-link3=Averil Cameron|title=The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337 |date=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521301992 |chapter=The Arabs and the desert peoples}} * {{Encyclopædia Iranica| title = ABGAR | last = Segal | first = J.B. | author-link = Judah Segal | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abgar-dynasty-of-edessa-2nd-century-bc-to-3rd-century-ad | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | volume = 1 | fascicle = 2 | pages = 210–213 }}
{{Nabataean Arabs topics}}
Category:Abgarid dynasty Category:Edessa Category:Arab dynasties