{{Short description|Brightest cluster galaxy in the constellation Boötes}} {{Infobox galaxy|name=[[Abell catalogue|Abell]] 2009 BCG|epoch=[[J2000.0]]|constellation name=[[Boötes]]|ra={{RA|15|00|19.52}}<ref name="ned" />|dec={{DEC|+21|22|09.87}}<ref name="ned" />|z=0.151928<ref name="ned" />|h_radial_v=45,547 ± 22 [[kilometer per second|km/s]]<ref name="ned" />|dist_ly={{convert|678.70 ± 47.51|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}<ref name="ned" />|group_cluster=Abell 2009|mag_j=13.89<ref name="ned" />|mag_h=12.74<ref name="ned" />|type=BrCIG<ref name="ned" />|size=~{{convert|181.3|kpc|ly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}} (estimated){{r|ned}}|names=[[2MASX]] J15001950+2122108, [[Abell catalogue|Abell]] 2009:[CAC2009] BCM, [[Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database|LEDA]] 140447, OGC 0698, MaxBCG J225.08133+21.36941 BCG, [[ROSAT|RX]] J1500.3+2122:[BEV98] 010<ref name="ned" />|image=File:Image of Abell 2009 BCG.png|caption=[[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]] image of Abell 2009 BCG}}
'''Abell 2009 BCG''' (short for '''Abell 2009 Brightest Cluster Galaxy''') is a massive [[elliptical galaxy]] residing as the [[brightest cluster galaxy]] (BCG) of the [[galaxy cluster]], Abell 2009.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Fornasiero |first1=I. |last2=Ubertosi |first2=F. |last3=Gitti |first3=M. |date=March 2025 |title=Investigating AGN feedback in H''α''-luminous galaxy clusters: First ''Chandra'' X-ray analysis of Abell 2009 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=695 |pages=A265 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202453315 |arxiv=2503.07781 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref> The [[redshift]] of the galaxy is (z) 0.151<ref name="ned">{{Cite web |title=NED Search results for Abell 2009 BCG (LEDA 140447) |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=LEDA+140447&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1 |access-date=2026-05-13 |website=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database}}</ref> and it was first discovered by [[Astronomer|astronomers]] in July 1999, who observed [[Spectral line|emission lines]] in its [[Visible spectrum|optical spectrum]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Crawford |first1=C. S. |last2=Allen |first2=S. W. |last3=Ebeling |first3=H. |last4=Edge |first4=A. C. |last5=Fabian |first5=A. C. |date=1999-07-11 |title=The ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample -- III. Optical spectra of the central cluster galaxies |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=306 |issue=4 |pages=857–896 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02583.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=astro-ph/9903057 |issn=0035-8711}}</ref>
== Description == Abell 2009 BCG is the dominant galaxy of Abell 2009.<ref name=":1" /> The central nucleus of the BCG is found to be [[Active galactic nucleus|active]] and it has been classified as a [[Fanaroff–Riley classification|Fanaroff-Riley]] Class Type I [[radio galaxy]] based on radio imaging made with the [[Very Large Array]] (VLA) at 1.5 [[Hertz|GHz]] [[Frequency|frequencies]]. It has a resolved radio core and a pair of butterfly-shaped [[Radio galaxy|radio lobes]] 17 kiloparsecs in length. Both of the lobes are orientated from the northwest direction towards the southeast direction.<ref name=":0" />
The total radio [[flux]] [[density]] of the BCG is estimated to be 23 ± 1.0 [[Jansky|mJy]] with radio power being calculated as 1.45 ± 0.06 × 10<sup>24</sup> W Hz<sup>-1</sup>.<ref name=":0" /> The radio core flux density at 10 GHz frequencies is 3.3 ± 1.4 mJy, with the steep index [[spectrum]] being 1.81 ± 0.05.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hogan |first1=M. T. |last2=Edge |first2=A. C. |last3=Hlavacek-Larrondo |first3=J. |last4=Grainge |first4=K. J. B. |last5=Hamer |first5=S. L. |last6=Mahony |first6=E. K. |last7=Russell |first7=H. R. |last8=Fabian |first8=A. C. |last9=McNamara |first9=B. R. |last10=Wilman |first10=R. J. |date=2015-10-21 |title=A Comprehensive Study of the Radio Properties of Brightest Cluster Galaxies |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=453 |issue=2 |pages=1201–1222 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stv1517 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1507.03019 |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> The emission is associated with another radio galaxy in the cluster, located 50 arcseconds away from the BCG.<ref name=":0" />
The BCG has an elliptical appearance according to [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) imaging data.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Graham P. |last2=Khosroshahi |first2=Habib G. |last3=Dariush |first3=A. |last4=Sanderson |first4=A. J. R. |last5=Ponman |first5=T. J. |last6=Stott |first6=J. P. |last7=Haines |first7=C. P. |last8=Egami |first8=E. |last9=Stark |first9=D. P. |date=2010-10-06 |title=LoCuSS: connecting the dominance and shape of brightest cluster galaxies with the assembly history of massive clusters |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=409 |issue=1 |pages=169–183 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17311.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=1007.2196 |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> The [[supermassive black hole]] lying in the center of the BCG is estimated to be 9.74 ± 0.08 [[Solar mass|M<sub>ʘ</sub>]] based on a calculation of the [[Fundamental plane (elliptical galaxies)|fundamental plane]] relation with the total [[stellar mass]] of 12.17 ± 0.04 M<sub>ʘ</sub>.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Phipps |first1=Frederika |last2=Bogdán |first2=Ákos |last3=Lovisari |first3=Lorenzo |last4=Kovács |first4=Orsolya E. |last5=Volonteri |first5=Marta |last6=Dubois |first6=Yohan |date=2019-04-20 |title=Expanding the Sample: The Relationship between the Black Hole Mass of BCGs and the Total Mass of Galaxy Clusters |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=875 |issue=2 |pages=141 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ab107c |doi-access=free |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> The [[infrared]] [[luminosity]] of the BCG has been calculated as less than 1.0 × 10<sup>44</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>, making it somehow less luminous compared to others.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=O’Dea |first1=Christopher P. |last2=Baum |first2=Stefi A. |last3=Privon |first3=George |last4=Noel-Storr |first4=Jacob |last5=Quillen |first5=Alice C. |last6=Zufelt |first6=Nicholas |last7=Park |first7=Jaehong |last8=Edge |first8=Alastair |last9=Russell |first9=Helen |last10=Fabian |first10=Andrew C. |last11=Donahue |first11=Megan |last12=Sarazin |first12=Craig L. |last13=McNamara |first13=Brian |last14=Bregman |first14=Joel N. |last15=Egami |first15=Eiichi |date=May 2008 |title=An Infrared Survey of Brightest Cluster Galaxies. I. |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=681 |issue=2 |pages=1035–1045 |doi=10.1086/588212 |arxiv=0711.1118 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> A study published in 2024, has found the BCG is offset from the X-ray center by about 7 kiloparsecs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cross |first1=D. |last2=Thoron |first2=G. |last3=Jeltema |first3=T. E. |last4=Swart |first4=A. |date=February 2024 |title=Examining the self-interaction of dark matter through central cluster galaxy offsets. |url=https://watermark02.silverchair.com/stae442.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA08wggNLBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggM8MIIDOAIBADCCAzEGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMJI_11ztfdzP2NbHgAgEQgIIDAsIsfYz20Hsv92KStglCIDOeXItrHBg70-Q2eubxN9hGZGfbEmFvU4FrseB1GnnG5lIWanR_mTZAg2wxdTVxm5fQv9_9V1Z-fEqe2zyRtlAqnN8lhESYwbs4Bsm16LA8GPO73SDbcAbKKlnb3a75cvZyKDKvkhuCuVa8gMliZfw3SQBFnVRxbNCuV4l-DjNYe0uHpy7hd4jq7d4joJYg5hQlV8ug_qCNFPhczV-sGWDBRTo5TT9EUtL1ElatYnO9z_dj_5LNrgiLS_KfMfd0vot5IVx3qy0ZQzsb_KgnDP3uNPrugZvJSG3pn9Ie1bdR5cNjtyVYJfX_s2ad4-f30yGeqZbf66FVHd90JnUwK5LH4yiGdh7dxNNJ-nzCy3w5T-lB3F_a0_GfuWt2Xpa_kXmnPIfGpmyhP5S8m8cbk1XmHQ03nQ5AF-_tE-xuIzfG9XfglDomwlEsSX-ac56VelHf4qd_SvcePjRwvFJArXePk3CgMIlGwKYkM1UEYayf1LFBlrDnl-Cp9tbbB3FnZb3nCdrgrDDWkca8YjxI_h_xhAcCGoA1qa2THSRhOszvFs9AmheuxHyz6Bu6btgIQNB7JUEWwyt-mw85CL7dV4Hn7igSHoo2f6Xu7aGx2Eehz3PDvsci9GYxqHzDb7FHnb-H8tSUdDR80VHs5l9a_HZpzG32xRx8Blq1qMkz1V6vdi42kHWrx7ggXxORF6857LfXO0WF2iUswPuehEml8pJm0-RFbGQW6zTGj85oM-j0pXXjBu5BRPvWCdcYmTF3jcjMGyvUFv-qadGtg-ieBaZJzGKvLmawACQU7oaB2zl74VV3qNqubRYVaErgWJUVtMYjn4Or5GYMG090tz9nuszq1W1hCVhJCBxY3dUGfXFHoKYjMfzY0Lj7b2HXe4LU1lVxs5rHameNz521JOg9StOGWXopAJij4DZK7Fb4VSzl2rnUUX0lLKjNfQ1TG_ZZmhucGtsKgRNiiHh--NJnTXSxmBrigjqDO7eZtYuE0TMjiWcD |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=529 |doi=10.33232/001c.122309 |issn=2565-6120|issue=1}}</ref>
== References == <references />
== External links == {{WikiSky}}
{{Boötes}} [[Category:Elliptical galaxies]] [[Category:Boötes]] [[Category:Radio galaxies]] [[Category:Active galaxies]] [[Category:LEDA objects|140447]] [[Category:ROSAT objects]] [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1999]]