A Bullet for the General

{{Short description|1966 Italian film directed by Damiano Damiani}} {{Infobox film | name = A Bullet for the General | image = QuienSabe DatabasePage.jpg | alt = | caption = Italian [[film poster]] | native_name =  | director = [[Damiano Damiani]] | producer = Bianco Manini{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=94}} | writer = Salvatore Laurani{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=94}}{{Infobox|decat=yes|child=yes|label1=Adaptation by|data1={{Ubl|[[Franco Solinas]]{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=95}}}}}} | based_on =  | starring = {{plainlist|* [[Gian Maria Volonté]] * [[Klaus Kinski]] * [[Martine Beswick]] * [[Lou Castel]] * [[Jaime Fernández (actor)|Jaime Fernández]]}} | narrator = | music = [[Luis Bacalov]]{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=94}} | cinematography = Antonio Secchi{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=94}} | editing = [[Renato Cinquini]]{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=94}} | studio = MCM{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=94}} | distributor =  | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1966|12|2|Italy}} | runtime = 115 minutes | country = Italy{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=94}} | language = | budget = | gross = [[Italian lira|£]]687.1 million{{sfn|Fisher|2014|p=221}} }} '''''A Bullet for the General''''' (original Italian title: '''Quién sabe?''', which means "Who knows?" in the [[Spanish language]]), also known as '''''El Chucho Quién Sabe?''''', is a 1966 [[Italy|Italian]] [[Zapata Western]] film directed by [[Damiano Damiani]] and starring [[Gian Maria Volonté]], [[Lou Castel]], [[Klaus Kinski]] and [[Martine Beswick]]. It tells the story of El Chuncho, a [[bandit]] and [[guerrilla]] leader during the [[Mexican Revolution]], and Bill Tate/El Niño (The Kid), a counter-revolutionary [[contract killer]] who infiltrates his gang and befriends Chuncho. The story centers on the way this relationship changes everything for Chuncho, who discovers the hard way that a social revolution is more important than mere money.

==Plot== During the [[Mexican Revolution]], a [[Durango]]-bound government [[munitions]] train is forced to stop due to the presence of a [[crucifixion|crucified]] [[Federales|federal]] army officer on the tracks. El Chuncho Muños, an arrogant [[gun runner]] and [[guerrilla]] figure who is loyal to the [[Zapatismo|Zapatist revolutionary leader]] General Elías, leads his gang in an assault on the train. Lieutenant Alvaro Ferreira, who is commanding the [[rurales]]' escort of the train, attempts to save the officer, but after being fatally wounded by Chuncho he orders the train to run the captain and him over to escape the bandits. Bill Tate, a quiet and mysterious American passenger on the train, kills the [[train driver|engineer]] and stops the train again, allowing Chuncho and his gang to kill the remaining rurales and take their weapons. Posing as a former prisoner of the army, Tate joins the gang and is quickly befriended by Chuncho, who nicknames him "Niño".

After several heists, the gang travels to the town of San Miguel, where Chuncho meets with his old friend Raimundo to overthrow the weakhearted town boss, Don Felipe. Rosaria, Felipe's spirited wife, attempts to defend him; when Chuncho's men assault her, Tate angrily berates them for their behavior. Chuncho shoots Guapo, a gang member, for attempting to kill Tate during the discussion. Don Felipe is made to drive Chuncho and his gang back to San Miguel, and he is eventually executed.

Chuncho prepares to stay in San Miguel, drilling the villagers in the hopes of becoming a General himself; Tate convinces much of the gang to leave San Miguel so they can sell their weapons to Elías. Eventually missing his bandit lifestyle, Chuncho leaves San Miguel under the care of El Santo, his priestly half-brother, on the pretext of recovering a gold-plated [[Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun]] from his former gang. After killing one of them, Picaro, Chuncho resumes leadership of the others, hoping to sell the weapons to Elías before returning to San Miguel.

Elías' emissary arrives but is pursued by the [[Federal Army|Mexican army]] troops. Tate and Chuncho use the machine gun to decimate the troops, but nearly all of Chuncho's remaining gang is killed in the firefight. Unseen by the others, Tate also kills the emissary. Adelita, Chuncho's last surviving loyal gang member, abandons the pair after her lover, Pepito, is killed in the battle. During the ride to Elías' camp, Tate falls victim to a [[malaria]] attack. While getting [[quinine]] pills for Tate, Chuncho finds a golden bullet among his possessions; Tate later claims that the bullet is a [[good luck charm]].

Chuncho and Tate arrive at Elías' camp after two days, where they encounter several starving revolutionaries. Chuncho sells the guns and is paid five thousand [[Mexican peso|pesos]] before learning from Elías that the people of San Miguel were massacred by the army while he was away. Realizing his irresponsibility, Chuncho allows himself to be taken away to be executed by Santo, the sole survivor of the attack. Meanwhile, Tate, from a high vantage point, shoots Elías first and then quickly kills El Santo before Chuncho's sentence can be carried out. Tate escapes as Elías' doctors pronounce his death: shot in the head with a golden bullet.

Weeks later, Chuncho, now an impoverished beggar, tracks Tate to a hotel in [[Ciudad Juarez]] and tries to shoot him. Tate, insisting that he has been waiting for him, gives him a half-share of the reward he received from the [[Mexican Government]] for assassinating Elías: 100,000 pesos in gold. Chuncho, astonished by Tate's apparent loyalty and friendship, visits a barber, a tailor and a [[brothel]].

The next morning the pair prepare to leave for a new life in the [[United States]]. However, when Chuncho watches as Tate cuts through a line to buy their train tickets, he begins to reconsider their relationship and his responsibilities. Learning that he had been further manipulated by Tate through his pretending to be an army prisoner, Chuncho suddenly declares that, although they are friends, he must kill him. Tate asks why, to which Chuncho replies "¿Quién sabe?",<ref group="Note">''"¿Quién sabe?"'' means "Who knows?" in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. In the American version, this line is translated as "I don't know".</ref> before shooting Tate dead while he is boarding the slowly moving train. The police arrive at the station and Tate's body begins its return to the United States while Chuncho, laughing maniacally, tosses his bag of money to a group of peasants near him and flees from the authorities down an external corridor of carriages, happily shouting and exhorting the poor to buy [[dynamite]] instead of bread.

==Cast== {{div col}} * [[Gian Maria Volonté]] as Chucho/El Chucho/El Chuncho/Chuncho Muños * [[Lou Castel]] as Bill "Niño" Tate/El Niño/Taylor * [[Klaus Kinski]] as El Santo/Santo * [[Martine Beswick]] as Adelita * [[Jaime Fernández (actor)|Jaime Fernández]] as General Elías * [[Andrea Checchi]] as Don Felipe * Spartaco Conversi as Eufemio * [[Joaquín Parra (actor)|Joaquín Parra]] as Picaro * [[Aldo Sambrell]] as Lieutenant Alvaro Ferreira * [[José Manuel Martín]] as Raimundo * Santiago Santos as Guapo * [[Valentino Macchi]] as Train Engineer {{div col end}}

==Production== The screenplay and story for ''A Bullet for the General'' is credited to Salvatore Laurani while [[Franco Solinas]] is credited with the adaptation and dialogue.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=95}} Film historian Howard Hughes noted that ''A Bullet for the General'' was the first Italian Western to seriously deal with the Mexican revolution and credited Solinas with the political aspects on the film.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=95}} Solinas was a Marxist writer best known in film for his screenplays for ''[[Salvatore Giuliano (film)|Salvatore Giuliano]]'' and ''[[The Battle of Algiers]]''.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=95}}{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=96}}

''A Bullet for the General'' was directed by [[Damiano Damiani]] and shot in [[Province of Almería|Almería]] between July and August 1966.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=95}}{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=97}} Damiani had originally wanted to shoot the film in Mexico which proved to be impossible.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=97}}

==Release== ''A Bullet for the General'' was released in Italy on December 2, 1966.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=104}}{{sfn|Fisher|2014|p=221}}

==Reception== In a contemporary review, the ''[[Monthly Film Bulletin]]'' declared the film to be "a lively sortie into the Mexican Revolution with a good deal of boisterous action and a spirited performance from Gian Maria Volonte".<ref name="mfb">{{cite magazine|title=Quien Sabe? (A Bullet for the General)|magazine=[[Monthly Film Bulletin]]|page=128|volume=36|issue=424|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|date=June 1969}}</ref> The review noted the running time cut from 135 minutes to 77 minutes, stating "substantial pruning unfortunately plays havoc with the continuity (a character who was clearly of some importance in the original is here reduced to a few marginal references)."<ref name="mfb" />

Damiano's film has been called a "serious statement about the Mexican Revolution" and has been recognised as an accomplished blend of "tension, action, politics and history".{{sfn|Hughes|2010|p=66}}

== References == ===Footnotes=== {{reflist}}

===Notes=== {{reflist|group=Note}}

===Sources=== {{Refbegin}} *{{cite book |last=Fisher|first=Austin|date= 2014|title=Radical Frontiers in the Spaghetti Western: Politics, Violence and Popular Italian Cinema |publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781780767116}} * {{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Howard |title=Once Upon a Time in the Italian West |publisher=[[I. B. Tauris]] |isbn=1-85043-430-1 |year=2004 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781850434306 }} *{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Howard|title=Spaghetti Westerns|publisher=Kamera Books|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84243-303-4 |location=Harpenden}}

==External links== *{{IMDb title|0061429}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bullet For The General}} [[Category:1966 films]] [[Category:1966 Italian-language films]] [[Category:Spaghetti Western films]] [[Category:Films directed by Damiano Damiani]] [[Category:1966 Western (genre) films]] [[Category:Mexican Revolution films]] [[Category:Films scored by Luis Bacalov]] [[Category:Films shot in Almería]] [[Category:1966 Italian films]]