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'''Adenosine thiamine triphosphate''' ('''AThTP'''), or '''thiaminylated adenosine triphosphate''', is a natural thiamine adenine nucleotide.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors =Bettendorff L, Wirtzfeld B, Makarchikov AF |title=Discovery of a natural thiamine adenine nucleotide |journal=Nat. Chem. Biol. |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=211–2 |year=2007 |pmid=17334376 |doi=10.1038/nchembio867|hdl=2268/518 |s2cid=28498198 |display-authors=etal|hdl-access=free }}</ref> It was discovered in ''Escherichia coli'' where it may account for up to 15 - 20% of total thiamine under carbon starvation. AThTP also exists in eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, roots of higher plants and animal tissues, albeit at a much lower concentration. It was found to exist in small amounts in the muscle, heart, brain, kidneys and liver of mice.<ref name="Tanaka 2011"/>
In ''E. coli'' AThTP is synthesized from thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) according to the following reaction catalyzed by thiamine diphosphate adenylyl transferase:<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors =Makarchikov AF, Brans A, Bettendorff L |name-list-style =amp |title=Thiamine diphosphate adenylyl transferase from E. coli: functional characterization of the enzyme synthesizing adenosine thiamine triphosphate |journal=BMC Biochem. |volume=8 |year=2007 |pmid=17705845 |doi=10.1186/1471-2091-8-17 |pages=17 |pmc=1976097 |doi-access =free }}</ref>
:ThDP + ATP (ADP) ↔ AThTP + PP<sub>i</sub> (P<sub>i</sub>)
==Structure and function==
The molecule is made up of thiamine and adenosine joined together with phosphate groups. It is similar in structure to NAD+. The function of AThTP is not currently known but it has been shown to inhibit the activity of PARP-1.<ref name="Tanaka 2011">{{cite journal|title=Adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP) inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP-1) activity|vauthors =Tanaka T, Yamamoto D, Sato T, Tanaka S, Usui K, Manabe M, Aoki Y, Iwashima Y, Saito Y, Mino Y, Deguchi H|journal=J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)|year=2011|volume=57|issue=2|pages=192–6|pmid= 21697640|doi =10.3177/jnsv.57.192|doi-access=free}}</ref>
== References== {{reflist}}
== External links == * {{cite journal |title=A first for vitamins |journal=Nature |volume=446 |issue=7132 |pages=112–113 |year=2007 |doi=10.1038/446112a |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |author =Jordan F |title=Adenosine triphosphate and thiamine cross paths |journal=Nat. Chem. Biol. |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=202–3 |year=2007 |pmid=17372602 |doi=10.1038/nchembio0407-202 }}
Category:Nucleotides Category:Thiamine Category:Purines Category:Thiazoles Category:Pyrimidines Category:Triphosphate esters