ANEC I

{{Short description|Type of aircraft}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} {{Use British English|date=January 2018}} {{Infobox aircraft |name = ANEC I / II |image =ANEC II.jpg |caption = ANEC II, ''G-EBJO'', at the Shuttleworth Collection |type = ultralight aircraft |manufacturer = Air Navigation and Engineering Company Limited |designer = W.S. Shackleton |first_flight = 1923 |introduction = |retired = |status = |primary_user = |more_users = |produced = |number_built = 3 (ANEC I), 1 (ANEC II) |unit cost = |variants = }}

The '''ANEC I''' and '''ANEC II''' were 1920s British single-engine ultralight aircraft designed and built by Air Navigation and Engineering Company Limited at Addlestone Surrey.<ref name="Jackson"/> One was privately constructed in Brisbane, Australia.<ref name="Meggs"/>

One example was flown in France under the designation '''Blériot 102'''.<ref name="IEA"/>

==History== The ANEC I and II, designed by W.S Shackleton, were amongst the earliest ultralight aircraft; they were very small, wooden, strut braced high-wing monoplanes.<ref name="Jackson"/> The first '''ANEC I''', registered ''G-EBHR'', first flew at Brooklands on 21 August 1923. It was the first aircraft with an inverted engine, a 696 cc Blackburne Tomtit, to fly in the United Kingdom. The ANEC I was designed to the rules of the 1923 Lympne light aircraft trials, principally an engine capacity limit of 750 cc, and the two aircraft completed that August took part. The main prizes were for fuel economy and the second ANEC I ''G-EBIL'', flown by Jimmy James, shared half of the £1,500 prize with an English Electric Wren for flights of 87.5 miles (141 km) on one gallon (4.54 L) of petrol. He later reached an altitude of 14,000 ft (4,267 m) in it.<ref name="Jackson"/> ''G-EBIL'' was evaluated by the Air Ministry in 1924, briefly carrying the RAF serial ''J7506''.<ref name=Sanger/> Afterwards it was modified with a wingspan greatly reduced from 32 ft to 18 ft 4 in (9.75 m to 5.59 m) and re-engined with a 1,000 cc Anzani engine for entry in the 1925 Lympne August Bank Holiday Races, designated the '''ANEC IA'''.<ref name="Jackson"/>

Only one more ANEC I was constructed.<ref name="Jackson"/> It was built in Australia by George Beohm, who went on to design the Genairco Biplane, and Horrie Miller.<ref name="Meggs"/> E. W. Beckman, the owner of the aircraft, intended to enter it in the Low-Powered Aeroplane Competition held at Richmond in December 1924, but it was not completed until the following year.<ref name="Meggs"/> The first of the two built in the United Kingdom in 1923, ''G-EBHR'', was exported to Australia in the second half of 1924.<ref name="Meggs"/>

The Blériot firm imported a single example to France to compete in the {{langx|fr|Tour de France Des Avionettes }} competition in 1924.<ref name="IEA"/> After placing second, it was returned to ANEC.<ref name="IEA"/>

The '''ANEC II''' was an enlarged version of the ANEC I built for the 1924 Lympne light aircraft trials competition. Following the revised competition rules, it was a two-seater and its more powerful 1,100 cc Anzani inverted V twin-cylinder had the greatest capacity allowed. The wing area was increased by 28% to accommodate the extra weight by a 5 ft 2 in (1.57 m) span extension. It was also longer by almost the same amount.<ref name=OH/> Engine problems kept it from flying in the competition and out of the Grosvenor Trophy race that immediately followed.<ref name=Sanger/>

In 1927 a new owner refitted it with a 32 hp (24 kW) Bristol Cherub III flat twin engine, a larger rudder, and a more conventional undercarriage with larger wheels mounted on a cross axle attached to the lower fuselage with a pair of V-struts. In 1931 another new owner fitted a heavier 30 hp (22 kW) ABC Scorpion engine, another flat twin and, to keep the weight down, reworked it as a single seater. It was in this condition when it was acquired by Richard Shuttleworth in about 1937.<ref name=Sanger/> thumb|Shuttleworth's ANEC II

==Variants== * '''ANEC I''' – three built * '''ANEC IA''' – ANEC I with reduced wingspan, one modified. * '''ANEC II''' – two-seat version, one built

==Survivors== The 1924 ANEC II ''G-EBJO'' is owned and operated by The Shuttleworth Collection in the UK and is maintained to an airworthy condition. It underwent restoration to post-Lympne configuration, being completed in 2004, with a single seat, revised undercarriage and fitted with an ABC Scorpion II 30 HP engine. It can be seen flown at Shuttleworth airshows in the summer months, as well as on static display as part of the Collection all year round.<ref>[http://www.shuttleworth.org/collection/anec/ The Shuttleworth Collection – ANEC II] Retrieved: 8 September 2017</ref>

==Operators== *{{AUS}}: 2 ANEC I aircraft *{{UK}}: 1 ANEC I, 1 ANEC II

==Specifications (ANEC I)== thumb|ANEC II 3-view drawing from NACA-TM-289 {{Aircraft specs |ref=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1924,<ref name="JAWA1924">{{cite book|last1=Grey|first1=C.G.|title=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1924|date=1924|publisher=Sampson, Low, Marston & co Ltd.|location=London |page=6b}}</ref> British Civil Aviation since 1919 Volume 1<ref name=Jackson>{{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=A. J. |title=British Civil Aviation since 1919 Volume 1 |date=1973 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=978-0-370-10006-7 |edition=2nd |pages=34–37}}</ref> |prime units?=imp  |crew=1 |length ft=15 |length in=7 |span ft=32 |span in=10 |height ft=3 |wing area sqft=145 |aspect ratio= |airfoil= |empty weight lb=290 |gross weight lb=470 |max takeoff weight kg= |max takeoff weight lb= |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity= |more general=  |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=Blackburne Tomtit |eng1 type=2-cylinder air-cooled inverted V piston engine |eng1 hp=16

|prop blade number=2 |prop name=fixed pitch propeller |prop dia m= |prop dia ft= |prop dia in= |prop dia note=  |max speed mph=74 |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed mph=32 |never exceed speed kmh= |never exceed speed mph= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |range km= |range miles= |range nmi= |range note= |ferry range km= |ferry range miles= |ferry range nmi= |ferry range note= |endurance= |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |ceiling note= |g limits= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |climb rate note= |time to altitude={{cvt|3000|ft}} in 8minutes |wing loading lb/sqft=3.21 |fuel consumption kg/km= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |power/mass={{cvt|23.2|hp/lb}} |more performance=<br> *'''Fuel consumption:''' {{cvt|60|mpgimp|km/L}} }}

==See also== {{Aircontent |similar aircraft= *English Electric Wren }}

==References== {{reflist|refs <ref name="IEA">{{cite book |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft |publisher=Aerospace Publishing|location=London |page=700 }}</ref> <ref name="Meggs">{{cite book |last= Meggs |first= Keith Raymond|title= Australian-built Aircraft and the Industry Volume 1 |year= 2009 |publisher= Finger-Four Publishing |location= Seymour, Victoria |isbn=978-1-920892-77-7 |page=323}}</ref> <ref name=OH>{{cite book |title= British Light Aeroplanes|last=Ord-Hume|first=Arthur W.J.G.| year=2000|publisher=GMS Enterprises |location=Peterborough |isbn=978-1-870384-76-6 |pages=226–227}}</ref> <ref name=Sanger>{{cite book |title= Bleriot in Britain 1899-1927|last=Sanger|first=Ray| year=2008|publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd|location=Tonbridge, Kent |isbn=978-0-85130-399-4 |page=159}}</ref> }}

==External links== {{commons category}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070210110913/http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=715 British Aircraft Directory ANEC I] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070210110923/http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=716 British Aircraft Directory ANEC II]

Category:1920s British civil utility aircraft Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft 1 102 Category:High-wing aircraft Category:Aircraft first flown in 1923