AKAP12

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''A-kinase anchor protein 12, aka AKAP250,''' is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''AKAP12'' gene.<ref name="pmid9000000">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nauert JB, Klauck TM, Langeberg LK, Scott JD | title = Gravin, an autoantigen recognized by serum from myasthenia gravis patients, is a kinase scaffold protein | journal = Curr. Biol. | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 52–62 | date = Mar 1997 | pmid = 9000000 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00027-3 | s2cid = 18843778 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 1997CBio....7...52N }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AKAP12 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9590}}</ref>

== Function ==

The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is expressed in endothelial cells, cultured fibroblasts, and osteosarcoma cells. It associates with protein kinase A and C and phosphatase, and serves as a scaffold protein in signal transduction. This protein and RII PKA colocalize at the cell periphery. This protein is a cell growth-related protein. Antibodies to this protein can be produced by patients with myasthenia gravis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.<ref name="entrez"/>

== Interactions ==

AKAP12 has been shown to interact with Beta-2 adrenergic receptor.<ref name = pmid11309381>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fan G, Shumay E, Wang H, Malbon CC | title = The scaffold protein gravin (cAMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein 250) binds the beta 2-adrenergic receptor via the receptor cytoplasmic Arg-329 to Leu-413 domain and provides a mobile scaffold during desensitization | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 26 | pages = 24005–14 | date = Jun 2001 | pmid = 11309381 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M011199200 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name = pmid9880537>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shih M, Lin F, Scott JD, Wang HY, Malbon CC | title = Dynamic complexes of beta2-adrenergic receptors with protein kinases and phosphatases and the role of gravin | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 3 | pages = 1588–95 | date = Jan 1999 | pmid = 9880537 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.3.1588 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}}

==External links== * {{UCSC gene info|AKAP12}}

== Further reading == {{Refbegin | 2}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Lester LB, Scott JD | title = Anchoring and scaffold proteins for kinases and phosphatases | journal = Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | volume = 52 | pages = 409–29; discussion 429–30 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9238861 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Michel JJ, Scott JD | title = AKAP mediated signal transduction | journal = Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. | volume = 42 | pages = 235–57 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11807172 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.083101.135801 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Yildirim M, Paydas S, Tanriverdi K, Seydaoglu G, Disel U, Yavuz S | title = Gravin gene expression in acute leukaemias: clinical importance and review of the literature | journal = Leuk. Lymphoma | volume = 48 | issue = 6 | pages = 1167–72 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17577780 | doi = 10.1080/10428190701377055 | s2cid = 35975874 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Gordon T, Grove B, Loftus JC, O'Toole T, McMillan R, Lindstrom J, Ginsberg MH | title = Molecular cloning and preliminary characterization of a novel cytoplasmic antigen recognized by myasthenia gravis sera | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 90 | issue = 3 | pages = 992–9 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1522245 | pmc = 329955 | doi = 10.1172/JCI115976 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Sato N, Kokame K, Shimokado K, Kato H, Miyata T | title = Changes of gene expression by lysophosphatidylcholine in vascular endothelial cells: 12 up-regulated distinct genes including 5 cell growth-related, 3 thrombosis-related, and 4 others | journal = J. Biochem. | volume = 123 | issue = 6 | pages = 1119–26 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9604001 | doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022051 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Shih M, Lin F, Scott JD, Wang HY, Malbon CC | title = Dynamic complexes of beta2-adrenergic receptors with protein kinases and phosphatases and the role of gravin | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 3 | pages = 1588–95 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9880537 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.3.1588 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Lin F, ((Wang Hy)), Malbon CC | title = Gravin-mediated formation of signaling complexes in beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization and resensitization | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 25 | pages = 19025–34 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10858453 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.275.25.19025 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Fan G, Shumay E, Wang H, Malbon CC | title = The scaffold protein gravin (cAMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein 250) binds the beta 2-adrenergic receptor via the receptor cytoplasmic Arg-329 to Leu-413 domain and provides a mobile scaffold during desensitization | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 26 | pages = 24005–14 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11309381 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M011199200 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Grove BD, Bruchey AK | title = Intracellular distribution of gravin, a PKA and PKC binding protein, in vascular endothelial cells | journal = J. Vasc. Res. | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 163–75 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11316952 | doi = 10.1159/000051043 | s2cid = 6002979 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Sasaki H, Kunimatsu M, Fujii Y, Yamakawa Y, Fukai I, Kiriyama M, Nonaka M, Sasaki M | title = Autoantibody to gravin is expressed more strongly in younger and nonthymomatous patients with myasthenia gravis | journal = Surg. Today | volume = 31 | issue = 11 | pages = 1036–7 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11766078 | doi = 10.1007/s005950170020 | s2cid = 22167880 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Piontek J, Brandt R | title = Differential and regulated binding of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C isoenzymes to gravin in human model neurons: Evidence that gravin provides a dynamic platform for the localization for kinases during neuronal development | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 278 | issue = 40 | pages = 38970–9 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12857743 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M306749200 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Tao J, Wang HY, Malbon CC | title = Protein kinase A regulates AKAP250 (gravin) scaffold binding to the beta2-adrenergic receptor | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 22 | issue = 24 | pages = 6419–29 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14657015 | pmc = 291823 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/cdg628 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Choi MC, Jong HS, Kim TY, Song SH, Lee DS, Lee JW, Kim TY, Kim NK, Bang YJ | title = AKAP12/Gravin is inactivated by epigenetic mechanism in human gastric carcinoma and shows growth suppressor activity | journal = Oncogene | volume = 23 | issue = 42 | pages = 7095–103 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15258566 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1207932 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA, Schwartz D, Gygi SP | title = Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain | journal = Mol. Cell. Proteomics | volume = 3 | issue = 11 | pages = 1093–101 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15345747 | doi = 10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Streb JW, Miano JM | title = AKAP12alpha, an atypical serum response factor-dependent target gene | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 280 | issue = 6 | pages = 4125–34 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15590635 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M412466200 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Streb JW, Miano JM | title = Cross-species sequence analysis reveals multiple charged residue-rich domains that regulate nuclear/cytoplasmic partitioning and membrane localization of a kinase anchoring protein 12 (SSeCKS/Gravin) | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 280 | issue = 30 | pages = 28007–14 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15923193 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M414017200 | doi-access = free }} {{Refend}}

Category:A-kinase-anchoring proteins