{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in humans}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1''' is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADARB1'' gene.<ref name="pmid9143496">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mittaz L, Scott HS, Rossier C, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M, Antonarakis SE | title = Cloning of a human RNA editing deaminase (ADARB1) of glutamate receptors that maps to chromosome 21q22.3 | journal = Genomics | volume = 41 | issue = 2 | pages = 210–7 | date = April 1997 | pmid = 9143496 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1997.4655 }}</ref><ref name="pmid14759252">{{cite journal | vauthors = Keegan LP, Leroy A, Sproul D, O'Connell MA | title = Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs): RNA-editing enzymes | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 209 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14759252 | pmc = 395743 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-209 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ADARB1 adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1 (RED1 homolog rat)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=104}}</ref> The enzyme is a member of ADAR family.
== Function ==
This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rats found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an Alu cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region.<ref name="entrez"/>
ADARB1 requires the small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP<sub>6</sub>) for proper function.<!-- former name ADAR2 is used in ref --><ref name="pmid16141067">{{cite journal | vauthors = Macbeth MR, Schubert HL, Vandemark AP, Lingam AT, Hill CP, Bass BL | title = Inositol hexakisphosphate is bound in the ADAR2 core and required for RNA editing | journal = Science | volume = 309 | issue = 5740 | pages = 1534–9 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16141067 | pmc = 1850959 | doi = 10.1126/science.1113150 | bibcode = 2005Sci...309.1534M }}</ref> ADARB1 is an A-to-I RNA-editing enzyme that mostly acts on protein-coding substrates.<!-- former name ADAR2 is used in ref --><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Licht K, Jantsch MF | title = Rapid and dynamic transcriptome regulation by RNA editing and RNA modifications | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 213 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–22 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 27044895 | pmc = 4828693 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.201511041 }}</ref>
== See also == * Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme acting on isolated adenosine
== References == {{reflist}}
== Further reading == {{refbegin | 2}} * {{cite book | vauthors = Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R | chapter = HIV-1 Envelope gp120 and Viral Particles Block Adenosine Deaminase Binding to Human CD26 | series = Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology | title = Cellular Peptidases in Immune Functions and Diseases | volume = 421 | pages = 185–92 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9330696 | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_24 | isbn = 978-1-4757-9615-5 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Melcher T, Maas S, Herb A, Sprengel R, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M | title = A mammalian RNA editing enzyme | journal = Nature | volume = 379 | issue = 6564 | pages = 460–4 | date = February 1996 | pmid = 8559253 | doi = 10.1038/379460a0 | bibcode = 1996Natur.379..460M | s2cid = 4326456 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = O'Connell MA, Gerber A, Keller W | title = Purification of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) involved in editing of brain glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 1 | pages = 473–8 | date = January 1997 | pmid = 8995285 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.1.473 | doi-access = free | url = http://edoc.unibas.ch/2495/1/J.%20Biol.%20Chem.-1997-O%27Connell-473-8.pdf }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R | title = Adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 is inhibited by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and viral particles | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 158 | issue = 8 | pages = 3721–9 | date = April 1997 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3721 | pmid = 9103436 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Lai F, Chen CX, Carter KC, Nishikura K | title = Editing of glutamate receptor B subunit ion channel RNAs by four alternatively spliced DRADA2 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | pages = 2413–24 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9111310 | pmc = 232090 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.17.5.2413}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang JH, Sklar P, Axel R, Maniatis T | title = Purification and characterization of a human RNA adenosine deaminase for glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA editing | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 94 | issue = 9 | pages = 4354–9 | date = April 1997 | pmid = 9113993 | pmc = 20726 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4354 | bibcode = 1997PNAS...94.4354Y | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Gerber A, O'Connell MA, Keller W | title = Two forms of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) generated by the insertion of an Alu cassette | journal = RNA | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | pages = 453–63 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9149227 | pmc = 1369496 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Villard L, Tassone F, Haymowicz M, Welborn R, Gardiner K | title = Map location, genomic organization and expression patterns of the human RED1 RNA editase | journal = Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 135–45 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9330641 | doi = 10.1007/BF02679972 | s2cid = 45104326 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Blanco J, Valenzuela A, Herrera C, Lluís C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R | title = The HIV-1 gp120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD26 by a mechanism modulated by CD4 and CXCR4 expression | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 477 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 123–8 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10899322 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01751-8 | bibcode = 2000FEBSL.477..123B | s2cid = 22229481 | doi-access = }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Herrera C, Morimoto C, Blanco J, Mallol J, Arenzana F, Lluis C, Franco R | title = Comodulation of CXCR4 and CD26 in human lymphocytes | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 22 | pages = 19532–9 | date = June 2001 | pmid = 11278278 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M004586200 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Maas S, Patt S, Schrey M, Rich A | title = Underediting of glutamate receptor GluR-B mRNA in malignant gliomas | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 98 | issue = 25 | pages = 14687–92 | date = December 2001 | pmid = 11717408 | pmc = 64742 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.251531398 | bibcode = 2001PNAS...9814687M | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Jayan GC, Casey JL | title = Increased RNA editing and inhibition of hepatitis delta virus replication by high-level expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2 | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 76 | issue = 8 | pages = 3819–27 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11907222 | pmc = 136091 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.76.8.3819-3827.2002 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Jaikaran DC, Collins CH, MacMillan AM | title = Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 40 | pages = 37624–9 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12163487 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M204126200 | doi-access = free | url = https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xny50-hjv32/files/JAIjbc02.pdf?download=1 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Jayan GC, Casey JL | title = Inhibition of hepatitis delta virus RNA editing by short inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 but not ADAR2 expression | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 76 | issue = 23 | pages = 12399–404 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12414985 | pmc = 136899 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.76.23.12399-12404.2002 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Slavov D, Gardiner K | title = Phylogenetic comparison of the pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 genes and transcripts: conservation and diversity in editing site sequence and alternative splicing patterns | journal = Gene | volume = 299 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 83–94 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12459255 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01016-8 }} {{refend}}
== External links == * {{UCSC gene info|ADARB1}}
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Category:EC 3.5 Category:Genes on human chromosome 21
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