{{Short description|Carbonaceous background asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 8967 Calandra | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discovered = 13 May 1971 | discoverer = C. J. van Houten<br />I. van Houten-G.<br />T. Gehrels | discovery_site = Palomar Obs. | mpc_name = (8967) Calandra | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|k|@|'|l|ae|n|d|r|@}}<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/calandra |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322091840/https://www.lexico.com/definition/calandra |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 March 2020 |title=calandra |dictionary=Lexico UK English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> | alt_names = 4878 T-1{{·}}{{mp|1978 RM|11}}<br />{{mp|1992 EH|15}} | named_after = Miliaria calandra<br />{{small|(a species of bunting)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />background | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 45.76 yr (16,714 days) | aphelion = 3.4081 AU | perihelion = 2.7043 AU | semimajor = 3.0562 AU | eccentricity = 0.1151 | period = 5.34 yr (1,952 days) | mean_anomaly = 99.067° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1845|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 9.7428° | asc_node = 170.63° | arg_peri = 171.63° | dimensions = {{val|8.382|0.103}} km<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />10.92 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | rotation = {{val|5.2427|0.0036}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2016" /> | albedo = 0.057 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.174|0.030}}<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /> | spectral_type = C<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 13.1<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}13.54<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}12.9<ref name="WISE" />{{·}}{{val|13.086|0.004}}<ref name="Waszczak-2016" />{{·}}{{val|13.30|0.10}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /> }}
'''8967 Calandra''', provisional designation ''{{mp|4878 T-1}}'', is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 May 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California.<ref name="MPC-Calandra" /> It is named after the corn bunting ''(Emberiza calandra)''.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Calandra'' is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 4 months (1,952 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> No precoveries were taken prior to its discovery.<ref name="MPC-Calandra" />
=== Survey designation ===
The survey designation "T-1" stands for the first Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis and Ingrid van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio of astronomers are credited with the discovery of 4,620 minor planets.<ref name="MPC-discoverers" />
== Physical characteristics ==
=== Rotation period ===
A photometric lightcurve of ''Calandra'' obtained at the Palomar Transient Factory in California in 2011, gave a rotation period of {{val|5.2427|0.0036}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.58 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2016" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Calandra'' measures 8.4 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.17.<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and hence calculates a larger diameter of 10.2 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.54.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet is named for the passerine bird, ''Miliaria calandra'' or ''Emberiza calandra'', also known as the corn bunting.<ref name="springer" /> It is listed as an endangered species on the ''European Red List of Birds''.<ref name="birdlife-int" /> The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1999 ({{small|M.P.C. 33794; 34089}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-02-14 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 8967 Calandra (4878 T-1) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2008967 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200919124618/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2008967 |archive-date = 19 September 2020 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 22 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (8967) Calandra |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 672 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_7298 |chapter = (8967) Calandra }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Calandra">{{cite web |title = 8967 Calandra (4878 T-1) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=8967 |access-date = 1 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-discoverers">{{cite web |title = Minor Planet Discoverers |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html |date = 24 April 2016 |access-date = 17 May 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |access-date = 17 May 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 8967 |access-date = 17 May 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="birdlife-int">{{cite web |title = European Red List of Birds |publisher = BirdLife International |url = http://www.birdlife.org/sites/default/files/attachments/RedList%20-%20BirdLife%20publication%20WEB.pdf |page = 58 |date = 2015 |access-date = 1 March 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304233622/http://www.birdlife.org/sites/default/files/attachments/RedList%20-%20BirdLife%20publication%20WEB.pdf |archive-date = 4 March 2016 }}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...90M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407 |access-date= 17 May 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak |first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang |first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek |first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher |first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci |first6 = David |last6 = Levitan |first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace |first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng |first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip |first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita |first11 = George |last11 = Helou |first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince |first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni |date = September 2015 |title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 150 |issue = 3 |page = 35 |bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 |arxiv = 1504.04041 |access-date= 17 May 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 17 May 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey |first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt |first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan |first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr |first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie |first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen |first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker |first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright |first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun |first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury |first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier |first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion |first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins |date = November 2011 |title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 20 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 |arxiv = 1109.4096 |access-date= 4 December 2016}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs005001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|8967}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |8966 Hortulana |number=8967 |8968 Europaeus}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Calandra}} 008967 Category:Discoveries by Cornelis Johannes van Houten Category:Discoveries by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld Category:Discoveries by Tom Gehrels 4878 Category:Named minor planets 19710513