{{redirect|84th Regiment of Foot}} {{Infobox military unit |unit_name= 84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot |image= |caption= |dates= 1793–1881 |country={{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}} (1793–1800)<br>{{flag|United Kingdom}} (1801–1881) |branch={{army|United Kingdom}} |type= Infantry |role= |size= One battalion (two battalions 1793–1795, 1808–1819) |command_structure= |garrison=Pontefract Barracks, Yorkshire |equipment= <!-- Commanders --> |current_commander= |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |notable_commanders= <!-- Insignia --> |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_2= <!-- Culture and history --> |nickname= ''The Young and Lovelies''<br>''The Tigers'' |patron= |motto= |colors= |march= |mascot= |battles= French Revolutionary Wars<br>Third Anglo-Maratha War<br>Napoleonic Wars<br>Indian Rebellion |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= }} The '''84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot''' was a regiment in the British Army, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot to form the York and Lancaster Regiment, with the 84th becoming the 2nd Battalion, in 1881.
==History== ===Formation=== The regiment was raised at York by Lieutenant Colonel George Bernard as the ''' 84th Regiment of Foot''', in response to the threat posed by the French Revolution, on 2 November 1793.<ref name=regts>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/084-793.htm |title=84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot |publisher=regiments.org |access-date=4 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510171835/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/084-793.htm |archive-date=10 May 2006 }}</ref> A short-lived 2nd Battalion was raised in March 1794.<ref name=regts/> The 1st Battalion was sent to join the Duke of York's army in the Netherlands in September 1794 as part of the unsuccessful defence of that country against the Republican French during the Flanders Campaign.<ref name=locations>{{cite web|url=http://regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/084-1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221205948/http://regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/084-1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2007|title=84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot: Locations|access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref> Returning to Britain in the spring of 1795, both battalions of the 84th were posted to the Cape of Good Hope in 1795 where they were amalgamated.<ref name=locations/> From South Africa, the regiment was sent to Madras in India in 1798 and on to Bombay in February 1799.<ref name=locations/>
===Napoleonic Wars=== [[File:21 - Front View of Kondareddy Buruju.JPG|thumb|The Kondareddy Buruju fort at Kurnool, captured by the regiment in 1815]] A second battalion was raised again in May 1808 and the regiment became the '''84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot''' (reflecting the fact that the 1st Battalion had been raised in Yorkshire and the 2nd Battalion had been raised in Lancashire) in January 1809.<ref>{{cite book|last=Raikes|first=George Alfred|title=Roll of the officers of the York and Lancaster regiment. The second Battalion.|url=https://archive.org/stream/rollofficersyor03raikgoog#page/n11/mode/2up|year=1885|publisher=Richard Bentley and Son|location=London|page=viii}}</ref> The 1st Battalion was sent to the French held island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean where they participated in the capture of the island in 1810.<ref name=locations/> After this the battalion served in Bangalore for the next four years. From there they were involved in the recapturing of Kurnool in 1815 and against the Mahratta princes in the last stages of the Third Anglo-Maratha War.<ref name=locations/> The battalion returned to England in 1819 where it absorbed the 2nd Battalion.<ref name=locations/>
Meanwhile, the 2nd Battalion took part in the disastrous Walcheren Campaign in autumn 1809.<ref name=locations/> The battalion embarked for Portugal for service in the Peninsular War in August 1813.<ref name=locations/> Pursuing the French Army into France, it saw action at the Battle of the Bidassoa in October 1813, the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813 and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813.<ref name=locations/> The battalion returned to England, where it was absorbed by the 1st Battalion in 1819.<ref>Creighton-Williamson, pp. 47-52</ref>
===The Victorian era=== [[File:George Augustus Wetherall.jpg|thumb|left|George Wetherall, Colonel of the Regiment during the Indian Rebellion]] [[File:YorkMinsterYorkLancasterRegMemorialH1c.jpg|thumb|Memorial inside the York Minster]] Detachments boarded HMS ''Dromedary'' and HMS ''Coromandel'' as escorts for convicts bound for Van Diemen's Land and New South Wales in 1820. Both ships continued to New Zealand to harvest kauri trees for use as spars for first rate (98 gun) Royal Navy warships. Two officers and a detachment of the regiment remained on HMS ''Dromedary'' for the eleven-month expedition to the Bay of Islands and Whangaroa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/lema/maritime/ships-list/d.html|title=Ships list|publisher=Laclan and Elizabeth Macquarie|access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> The battalion was sent to Jamaica, where it helped quell the slave riots, in 1827.<ref name=locations/> The regiment remained in the West Indies until 1839 when it returned home.<ref>Creighton-Williamson, p. 133</ref>
The regiment was sent to Burma in 1842 and to India in 1845.<ref name=locations/> The regiment was involved in the Siege of Cawnpore and the Relief of Lucknow during the Indian Rebellion. General James Outram wrote of the regiment:
{{cquote|A private letter is hardly a proper medium for giving expression to the strong feelings I bear to the glorious old 84th, but the feelings I do bear it are very strong, and every officer, non-commissioned officer and private of the Corps is, and ever shall be, my comrade and my friend!<ref>Creighton-Williamson, p. 62</ref>}}
After Cawnpore and Lucknow were recaptured the regiment was involved in the protection of the countryside under Brigadier John Douglas who wrote:
{{cquote|I did not think of the smallness of my force opposed to three separate bodies, each doubling it, when I remembered it was the 84th I had with me!<ref>Creighton-Williamson, p. 76</ref>}}
The regiment was the only formation ever to receive a salute from the battery at Fort William, Calcutta and received that acclaim when it left India in 1859.<ref>Creighton-Williamson, p. 63</ref> It was deployed to Malta in 1865 and to Jamaica in 1867 before going on to Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1870.<ref name=locations/> It returned home in 1871.<ref name=locations/>
As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 84th was linked with the 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 7 at Pontefract Barracks in Yorkshire.<ref name=training>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210172841/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2006|title=Training Depots|publisher=Regiments.org|access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot to form the York and Lancaster Regiment, with the 84th becoming the 2nd Battalion.<ref name=regts/>
== Victoria Crosses == The 84th Foot had six Victoria Crosses awarded to men serving in its ranks all won during the Indian Mutiny : *Captain Augustus Anson *Lance-corporal Abraham Boulger *Private Joel Holmes *Sergeant-major George Lambert *Private Patrick Mylott *Corporal John Sinnott
== Battle honours == Battle honours won by the regiment were:<ref name=regts/>
*''Peninsular War:'' Nive, Peninsula * India, Lucknow
== Colonels of the Regiment == Colonels of the Regiment were:<ref name= regts/>
===84th Regiment of Foot=== *1794–1820: Gen. George Bernard
===84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot - (1809)=== *1820–1822: Gen. Sir George Townsend Walker, Bt, GCB *1822–1823: Maj-Gen. Sir Denis Pack, KCB *1823–1840: Gen. Sir Fitzroy Jeffries Grafton Maclean, Bt *1840–1854: Gen. Sir Loftus William Otway, CB *1854–1868: Gen. Sir George Augustus Wetherall, GCB, KH *1868–1872: Gen. Thomas Wood *1872–1881: Gen. Sir David Russell, KCB
==References== {{reflist|30em}}
==Sources== *{{cite book |last=Creighton-Williamson |first=Donald| title = The York and Lancaster Regiment| publisher = Leo Cooper | year = 1968 | location = Great Britain }}
==Further reading== *{{cite book|last=Raikes|first=G.A.|title=Roll of the Officers of the (84th) York and Lancaster Regiment containing a record of their services, including dates of commissions to which is added the Officers' medal roll for the Peninsula War and a short account of the colours used by the Battalion from 1759-1910|year=1910}}
==External links== *{{cite web |url=http://members.ozemail.com.au/~clday/84foot.htm |title=84th Regiment History |publisher=members.ozemail.com.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807123106/http://members.ozemail.com.au/~clday/84foot.htm |archive-date=7 August 2007}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/084-793.htm |title=84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109015908/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/084-793.htm |archive-date=9 January 2008}} {{Regiments of Foot}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
Category:Infantry regiments of the British Army Category:Regiments of Yorkshire Category:York and Lancaster Regiment Category:Military units and formations established in 1793 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1881 Category:1793 establishments in Great Britain Category:1881 disestablishments in the United Kingdom