{{Short description|Asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 8441 Lapponica | background = #D6D6D6 | image = Orbit 8441 Lapponica.png | image_size = | caption = orbit | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = C. J. van Houten<br />I. van Houten-G.<br />T. Gehrels | discovery_site = Palomar Obs. | discovered = 16 October 1977 | mpc_name = (8441) Lapponica | alt_names = 4008 T-3{{·}}{{mp|1953 EC|1}}<br />1989 LP | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|l|ə|ˈ|p|ɒ|n|ᵻ|k|ə}} | named_after = Bar-tailed godwit<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(A shorebird)}} | mp_category = main-belt<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}<br />{{nowrap|background<ref name="Ferret" />{{·}}Flora<ref name="lcdb" />}} | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 65.13 yr (23,788 d) | aphelion = 2.4945 AU | perihelion = 1.8857 AU | semimajor = 2.1901 AU | eccentricity = 0.1390 | period = 3.24 yr (1,184 d) | mean_anomaly = 9.5854° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.3041|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 4.9910° | asc_node = 97.923° | arg_peri = 86.900° | mean_diameter = 4.50 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | rotation = {{val|3.27|0.01|ul=h}}<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|3.275|0.001|u=h}}<ref name="Clark-2008b" /> | albedo = {{val|0.24}} {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | spectral_type = L {{small|(Pan-STARRS)}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /><br />L {{small|(SDSS-MOC)}}<ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy" /><br />S {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 13.9<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|13.99|0.23}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /> }}
'''8441 Lapponica''', provisional designation {{mp|4008 T-3}}, is a background asteroid from the Florian region of the inner asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|4.5|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 16 October 1977, by Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The L-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.27 hours.<ref name="lcdb" /> It was named for the Bar-tailed godwit, a shorebird also known by its Latin name ''Limosa lapponica''.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Lapponica'' is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.<ref name="Ferret" /> Based on osculating Keplerian orbital elements, the asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Flora family ({{small|402}}), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.<ref name="lcdb" />
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,184 days; semi-major axis of 2.19 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as {{mp|1953 EC|1}} at Goethe Link Observatory in March 1953, more than 24 years prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
=== Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey ===
The survey designation "T-3" stands for the third Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroid discoveries.<ref name="MPC-discoverers" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Lapponica'' has been characterized as an L-type asteroid in the SDSS-based taxonomy and by Pan-STARRS{{'}} survey.<ref name="Veres-2015" /><ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy" /> It is also an assumed S-type asteroid.<ref name="lcdb" />
=== Rotation period ===
In 2008, two rotational lightcurves of ''Lapponica'' were obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini and by Maurice Clark at the Montgomery College Observatory in Maryland. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve gave a rotation period of 3.27 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.29 and 0.50 magnitude ({{small|U=3-/2+}}).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="geneva-obs" /><ref name="Clark-2008b" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the parent body of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 4.50 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.9.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named for the bar-tailed godwit (''Limosa lapponica'') a migratory bird of the family Scolopacidae.<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1999 ({{small|M.P.C. 33791}}) and revised on 2 April 1999 ({{small|M.P.C. 34089}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2018-04-26 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 8441 Lapponica (4008 T-3) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2008441 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 27 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (8441) Lapponica |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 650 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_7029 |chapter = (8441) Lapponica }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 8441 Lapponica (4008 T-3) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=8441 |access-date = 27 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |access-date = 27 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-discoverers">{{cite web |title = Minor Planet Discoverers |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html |date = 4 May 2015 |access-date = 27 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (8441) Lapponica |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page5cou.html#008441 |access-date = 27 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy">{{Cite journal |first1 = J. M. |last1 = Carvano |first2 = P. H. |last2 = Hasselmann |first3 = D. |last3 = Lazzaro |first4 = T. |last4 = Mothé-Diniz |date = February 2010 |title = SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_I0035_5_SDSSTAX_V1_1/data/sdsstax_ast_table.tab |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 510 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2010A&A...510A..43C |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/200913322 |access-date= 30 October 2019|doi-access= free }} [https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/sdsstax.html (PDS data set)]</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 8441 Lapponica |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=8441+Lapponica |access-date = 27 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 8441 |access-date = 27 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Clark-2008b">{{Cite journal |author = Clark, Maurice |date = October 2008 |title = Asteroid Lightcurve Observations |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2008MPBu...35..152C |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 35 |issue = 4 |pages = 152–154 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2008MPBu...35..152C |access-date= 27 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs005001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|8441}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |8440 Wigeon |number=8441 |8442 Ostralegus}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lapponica}} 008441 Category:Discoveries by Cornelis Johannes van Houten Category:Discoveries by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld Category:Discoveries by Tom Gehrels 4008 Category:Named minor planets 19771016