82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers)

{{For|other regiment with the same number|82nd Regiment of Foot (disambiguation){{!}}82nd Regiment of Foot}} {{Infobox military unit |unit_name= 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) |image= |caption= |dates= 1793–1881 |country={{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}} (1793–1800)<br>{{flag|United Kingdom}} (1801–1881) |branch={{army|United Kingdom}} |type= Infantry Regiment |role= Infantry |size= |command_structure= |garrison=Peninsula Barracks, Warrington  |current_commander= |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |notable_commanders=  |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_2=  |nickname= |patron= |motto= |colors= |march= |mascot= |battles= French Revolutionary Wars<br>Napoleonic Wars<br>Crimean War<br>Indian Rebellion |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= }} The '''82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers)''' was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) in 1881.

==History== ===Formation=== [[File:Henry Pigot.jpg|thumb|left|General Henry Pigot, colonel of the regiment throughout the Napoleonic Wars]] The regiment was raised by General Charles Leigh as the '''82nd Regiment of Foot''', in response to the threat posed by the French Revolution, on 27 September 1793.<ref name=regt>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/082-793.htm |title=82nd (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers) Regiment of Foot |publisher=regiments.ord |access-date=30 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519075725/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/082-793.htm |archive-date=19 May 2006 }}</ref> It embarked for the West Indies in June 1795 and was deployed to Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic in August 1795.<ref>Jarvis, p. 4</ref> On arrival, the regiment was sent to Port-au-Prince to reinforce the garrison there.<ref name=jarvis5>Jarvis, p. 5</ref> Over the following year they repelled several attacks from French troops before returning to England in January 1799.<ref>Jarvis, p. 8</ref> The regiment also took part in an expedition to Quiberon Bay in June 1800 and then transferred to Menorca in July 1800 before returning home in June 1802.<ref>Jarvis, p. 11</ref> It absorbed the Prince of Wales's Volunteers in 1802, incorporating their name to become the '''82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers)'''.<ref name=regt/>

===Napoleonic Wars=== [[File:TarifaArco.JPG|thumb|Puerta de Jerez, a Tarifa city gate from the Middle Ages]] A second battalion was raised in August 1804 but remained in the United Kingdom throughout the Napoleonic Wars.<ref>Jarvis, p. 12</ref> The 1st battalion saw action at the Battle of Copenhagen in August 1807 during the Gunboat War.<ref>Jarvis, p. 13</ref> It embarked for Portugal in early August 1808 for service in the Peninsular War<ref>Jarvis, p. 18</ref> and saw action at the Battle of Roliça in August 1808,<ref>Jarvis, p. 19</ref> the Battle of Vimeiro later that month<ref>Jarvis, p. 20</ref> and the Battle of Corunna in January 1809 as well as the subsequent evacuation.<ref>Jarvis, p. 29</ref> The battalion then took part in the disastrous Walcheren Campaign in autumn 1809.<ref>Jarvis, p. 30</ref>

The battalion returned to the Peninsula in spring 1811 and saw action at the Battle of Barrosa in March 1811,<ref>Jarvis, p. 37</ref> the Siege of Tarifa in December 1811<ref>Jarvis, p. 40</ref> and the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813<ref>Jarvis, p. 43</ref> as well as the Siege of San Sebastián in July 1813.<ref>Jarvis, p. 45</ref> It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813,<ref>Jarvis, p. 48</ref> the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813<ref>Jarvis, p. 54</ref> and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813<ref>Jarvis, p. 55</ref> as well as the Battle of Orthez in February 1814.<ref>Jarvis, p. 56</ref>

The battalion then embarked for North America for service in the War of 1812.<ref name=jarvis59>Jarvis, p. 59</ref> It saw action on the Canadian frontier in 1814 which later earned the battle honour 'Niagara'. <ref name=jarvis64>Jarvis, p. 64</ref> The battalion left for home in June 1815 but, shortly after arriving in England, it embarked for Ostend from where it marched to Paris.<ref name=jarvis61>Jarvis, p. 61</ref> Meanwhile, the second battalion was disbanded in December 1815.<ref>Jarvis, p. 63</ref> On the return journey from France, in January 1816, the brig ''Boadicea'' was wrecked in heavy storms off the east coast of Ireland while carrying 290 troops and 34 women and children from the regiment: 190 people died when the ship went down off Courtmacsherry.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lancashireinfantrymuseum.org.uk/the-regiments-greatest-tragedy-the-wrecking-of-the-seahorse-lord-melville-boadicea/ | work=Lancashire Infantry Museum | title=The Regiment's Greatest Tragedy – The Wrecking of the Seahorse, Lord Melville & Boadicea|access-date=28 February 2017}}</ref>

===The Victorian era=== The regiment embarked for Mauritius in January 1819<ref>Jarvis, p. 67</ref> and returned home in March 1832.<ref>Jarvis, p. 71</ref> It then sailed for Gibraltar in January 1837,<ref name=jarvis72>Jarvis, p. 72</ref> on to the West Indies in December 1839<ref name=jarvis72/> and on to Canada in April 1843<ref name=jarvis73>Jarvis, p. 73</ref> before returning home in May 1848.<ref name=jarvis73/> It then embarked for the Ionian Islands in January 1855;<ref name=jarvis77>Jarvis, p. 77</ref> it also saw action at the Siege of Sevastopol in summer 1855 during the Crimean War.<ref name=jarvis77/>

The regiment returned to India in February 1857 to help suppress the Indian Rebellion.<ref>Jarvis, p. 78</ref> It took part in the recapture of Cawnpore in July 1857<ref>Jarvis, p. 88</ref> and then took part in the reinforcement of Lucknow defending the residency until it was relieved in November 1857.<ref>Jarvis, p. 101</ref> It transferred to Aden in 1869 and returned home in 1870.<ref name=locations>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/082-1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514000809/http://www.regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/082-1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 May 2006 |title=82nd Regiment of Foot: Locations|access-date=28 February 2017}}</ref>

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 82nd was linked with the 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 14 at Peninsula Barracks, Warrington.<ref name=training>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210172841/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2006|title=Training Depots|publisher=Regiments.org|access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment).<ref name=regt/>

==Battle honours== Battle honours won by the Regiment were:<ref name=regt/>

* ''Peninsular War'': Roliça, Vimiera, Vitoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Orthez, Peninsula * ''American War of 1812'': Niagara * ''Crimean War'': Sevastopol * ''Indian Mutiny'': Lucknow

==Colonels of the Regiment== Regimental colonels were:<ref name= regt/>

;82nd Regiment of Foot *1793–1797: Gen. Charles Leigh *1797–1798: Gen. James Stuart *1798–1836: Gen. Sir Henry Pigot, GCMG

;82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) - (1802) *1836–1841: Gen. Sir John Wilson, KCB *1841–1850: Lt-Gen. Sir Andrew Pilkington, KCB *1850–1856: Lt-Gen. Francis Miles Milman *1856–1859: Lt-Gen. Nicholas Hamilton, KH *1859–1872: Gen. Hon. Thomas Ashburnham, CB *1872–1881: Gen. William Samuel Newton

==References== {{reflist|30em}}

==Sources== *{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalrecor00jarvgoog |title=Historical record of the Eighty-Second Regiment or Prince of Wales's Volunteers |first=Brevet-Major|last=Jarvis|publisher=W.O. Mitchell|year=1866}}

==External links== *{{cite web |url=http://www.82ndregiment.com/ |title=An Unofficial History of the 82nd Regiment of Foot |publisher=82ndregiment.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208014853/http://82ndregiment.com/ |archive-date=8 February 2011}}

Category:Infantry regiments of the British Army Category:Military units and formations established in 1793 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1881 Category:South Lancashire Regiment Category:1793 establishments in Great Britain Category:1881 disestablishments in the United Kingdom