{{Short description|Large background asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 734 Benda | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = J. Palisa | discovery_site = Vienna Obs. | discovered = 11 October 1912 | mpc_name = (734) Benda | alt_names = A912 TF{{·}}1912 PH | pronounced = | named_after = Anna Benda<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(discoverer's wife)}} | mp_category = {{plainlist| * main-belt<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|(outer)}} * background<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Zappala-family" /> }} | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 106.17 yr (38,778 d) | aphelion = 3.4628 AU | perihelion = 2.8333 AU | semimajor = 3.1481 AU | eccentricity = 0.1000 | period = 5.59 yr (2,040 d) | mean_anomaly = 51.852° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1765|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 5.8048° | asc_node = 3.1349° | arg_peri = 66.244° | mean_diameter = {{plainlist| * {{val|65.917|0.746|ul=km}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /> * {{val|70.82|2.9|u=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /> * {{val|73.28|1.57|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /> }} | rotation = {{val|7.110|0.003|ul=h}}<ref name="Stephens-2014d" />{{efn|name=Lightcurve-plot-Stephens}} | albedo = {{plainlist| * {{val|0.044|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /> * {{val|0.0464|0.004}}<ref name="SIMPS" /> * {{val|0.051|0.005}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /> }} | spectral_type = X {{small|(S3OS2)}}<ref name="Lazzaro-2004" /> | abs_magnitude = {{plainlist| * 9.70<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /> * 9.9<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />}} }}
'''734 Benda''' (''prov. designation:'' {{mp|A912 TF}} ''or'' {{mp|1912 PH}}) is a large background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|70|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 11 October 1912.<ref name="MPC-object" /> For its size, the dark X-type asteroid has a relatively short rotation period of 7.1 hours. It was named after the discoverer's wife, Anna Benda.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Benda'' is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Zappala-family" /> It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,040 days; semi-major axis of 3.15 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins at the discovering Vienna Observatory on 23 February 1920, almost eight years after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named by friends of the discoverer after Anna Benda, second wife of Johann Palisa, whom he married in 1902. However, the {{MoMP|734|naming}} was erroneously attributed to the Czech composer Karel Bendl (1838–1897) in previous editions of the ''Dictionary of Minor Planet Names''.<ref name="springer" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Benda'' is an X-type asteroid in both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomic variants of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2).<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Lazzaro-2004" /> In agreement with its low albedo ''(see below)'', this object has also been classified as a C-type and P-type asteroid.<ref name="lcdb" />
=== Rotation period ===
In October 2013, a rotational lightcurve of ''Benda'' was obtained from photometric observations over two nights by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies {{Obscode|U81}} in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of {{val|7.110|0.003}} hours with a brightness variation of {{val|0.32|0.02}} magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).<ref name="Stephens-2014d" />{{efn|name=Lightcurve-plot-Stephens}}
In August 1995, a first period of {{val|7.114}} hours was determined by Stefano Mottola ({{small|U=n/a}}).<ref name="lcdb" /> In March 2004, French amateur astronomer René Roy obtained a period of {{val|7.11|0.01}} hours with an amplitude of {{val|0.28|0.01}} magnitude from three nights of observations ({{small|U=3}}),<ref name="geneva-obs" /> while Robert K. Buchheim determined a period of {{val|7.106|0.005}} hours and an amplitude of {{val|0.28|0.02}} magnitude observing ''Benda'' over 10 nights at the Altimira Observatory {{Obscode|G76}} in November 2007 ({{small|U=3}}).<ref name="Buchheim-2009" /> In September 2018, a collaboration of the Italian Amateur Astronomers Union reported a period of {{val|7.105|0.001}} hours with a brightness variation of {{val|0.25|0.03}} magnitude ({{small|U=3–}}).<ref name="Franco-2019a" /> === Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, ''Benda'' measures ({{val|65.917|0.746}}), ({{val|70.82|2.9}}) and ({{val|73.28|1.57}}) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of ({{val|0.054|0.010}}), ({{val|0.0464|0.004}}) and ({{val|0.044|0.002}}), respectively.<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives a low albedo of 0.0387 and a diameter of 70.71 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.9.<ref name="lcdb" />
Alternative mean-diameters published by the WISE team include ({{val|64.45|17.46|u=km}}), ({{val|67.318|0.267|u=km}}),<ref name="Masiero-2014" /> ({{val|70.085|0.269|u=km}}), ({{val|70.65|16.79|u=km}}) and ({{val|71.722|22.052|u=km}}) with a corresponding albedo of ({{val|0.05|0.04}}), ({{val|0.051|0.005}}), ({{val|0.0474|0.0092}}), ({{val|0.04|0.02}}) and ({{val|0.037|0.020}}).<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="lcdb" /> Two asteroid occultations on 4 April 2009 and on 3 September 2013, gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of ({{val|70.0|x|70.0|u=km}}) and ({{val|73.0|x|73.0|u=km}}), respectively, each with a low quality rating of 1.<ref name="Ferret" /> These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star.<ref name="Ferret" />
== Notes == {{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=Lightcurve-plot-Stephens|1=[http://www.planetarysciences.org/plots/RDS/734_BENDA_2013-10-17.PNG Lightcurve plot of (734) Benda], by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies {{Obscode|U81}} (2013). Rotation period {{val|7.110|0.003}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.32}} mag. Quality code is 3. Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=734 LCDB] and [http://planetarysciences.org/lightcurves.html CS3] websites.}}
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2020-04-26 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 734 Benda (A912 TF) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000734 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 9 June 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |chapter = (734) Benda |page = 70 |date = 2007 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_735 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 734 Benda (A912 TF) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=734 |access-date = 9 June 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (734) Benda |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page2cou.html#000734 |access-date = 9 June 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 734 |access-date = 9 June 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Mainzer-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. K. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = J. M. |last2 = Bauer |first3 = R. M. |last3 = Cutri |first4 = T. |last4 = Grav |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = J. R. |last6 = Masiero |first7 = C. R. |last7 = Nugent |first8 = S. M. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. A. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = June 2016 |title = NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_COMPIL_5_NEOWISEDIAM_V1_0/data/neowise_mainbelt.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |bibcode = 2016PDSS..247.....M |access-date= 9 June 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=734 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date = 9 June 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Buchheim-2009">{{cite journal |last1 = Buchheim |first1 = Robert K. |date = July 2009 |title = Lightcurves of Asteroids 358 Apollonia, 734 Benda, and 8356 Wadhwa |journal = Minor Planet Bulletin |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_36-3.pdf |volume = 36 |issue = 3 |pages = 84–85 |bibcode = 2009MPBu...36...84B |issn = 1052-8091 |access-date = 9 June 2020 |archive-date = 26 November 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211126122428/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_36-3.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Stephens-2014d">{{cite journal |last1 = Stephens |first1 = Robert D. |date = April 2014 |title = Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2013 October–December |journal = Minor Planet Bulletin |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_41-2.pdf |volume = 41 |issue = 2 |pages = 92–95 |bibcode = 2014MPBu...41...92S |issn = 1052-8091}}</ref>
<ref name="Franco-2019a">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |last1 = Franco |first1 = Lorenzo |last2 = Marchini |first2 = Alessandro |last3 = Baj |first3 = Giorgio |last4 = Scarfi |first4 = Giulio |last5 = Bacci |first5 = Paolo |last6 = Maestripieri |first6 = Martina |last7 = Bacci |first7 = Roberto |last8 = Papini |first8 = Riccardo |last9 = Salvaggio |first9 = Fabio |last10 = Banfi |first10 = Massimo |date = January 2019 |title = Lightcurves for 131 Vala, 374 Burgundia, 734 Brenda, and 929 Algunde |journal = Minor Planet Bulletin |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_46-1.pdf |volume = 46 |issue = 1 |pages = 85–86 |bibcode = 2019MPBu...46...85F |issn = 1052-8091}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 734 Benda |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=734+Benda |access-date = 9 June 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 734 Benda – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=734 |access-date= 9 June 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Zappala-family">{{cite journal |last1 = Zappalà |first1 = V. |last2 = Bendjoya |first2 = Ph. |last3 = Cellino |first3 = A. |last4 = Farinella |first4 = P. |last5 = Froeschle |first5 = C. |date = 1997 |title = Asteroid Dynamical Families |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_5_DDR_FAMILY_V4_1/data/family.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |pages = EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1 |access-date = 9 June 2020}} ([https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/family.html PDS main page])</ref>
<ref name="Lazzaro-2004">{{Cite journal |first1 = D. |last1 = Lazzaro |first2 = C. A. |last2 = Angeli |first3 = J. M. |last3 = Carvano |first4 = T. |last4 = Mothé-Diniz |first5 = R. |last5 = Duffard |first6 = M. |last6 = Florczak |date = November 2004 |title = S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids |url = http://sirrah.troja.mff.cuni.cz/yarko-site/tmp/eos/NEW/spectral_type_figure/s3os2.pdf |journal = Icarus |volume = 172 |issue = 1 |pages = 179–220 |bibcode = 2004Icar..172..179L |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006 |access-date= 9 June 2020}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/OneAsteroidInfo.php Lightcurve Database Query] (LCDB), at ''www.minorplanet.info'' * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – ''Geneva Observatory'', Raoul Behrend * [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|734}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |733 Mocia |number=734 |735 Marghanna}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Benda}} 000734 Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa Category:Named minor planets 19121011