7119 Hiera

{{Short description|Asteroid off Jupiter}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 7119 Hiera | background = #C2FFFF | image = 7119 Hiera Hubble.jpg | image_scale = | caption = Hubble Space Telescope image of ''Hiera'' taken in 2013 | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discovered = 11 January 1989 | discoverer = C. Shoemaker E. Shoemaker | discovery_site = Palomar Obs. | mpc_name = (7119) Hiera | adjective = Hierian | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪər|ə}}<ref>Per the geographic name in Noah Webster (1884) ''A Practical Dictionary of the English Language''</ref> | alt_names = {{mp|1989 AV|2}} | named_after = Hiera {{small|(Greek mythology)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = Jupiter trojan<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /> {{nowrap|Greek<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans" />{{·}}background<ref name="AstDys-object" />}} | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 29.62 yr (10,817 d) | aphelion = 5.6787 AU | perihelion = 4.6252 AU | semimajor = 5.1519 AU | eccentricity = 0.1022 | period = 11.69 yr (4,271 d) | mean_anomaly = 226.31° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.0843|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 19.321° | asc_node = 285.51° | arg_peri = 120.95° | jupiter_moid = 0.1936 AU | tisserand = 2.8780 | mean_diameter = {{val|59.15|0.37|ul=km}}<ref name="Grav-2012" /> {{val|76.40|7.0|u=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /> {{val|77.29|4.66|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /> | rotation = {{val|400|ul=h}} {{small|(or longer)}}<ref name="Mottola-2011" /> | albedo = {{val|0.036|0.005}}<ref name="AKARI" /> {{val|0.0364|0.008}}<ref name="SIMPS" /> {{val|0.067|0.010}}<ref name="Grav-2012" /> | spectral_type = C {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> V–I {{=}} {{val|0.950|0.107}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 9.7<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Grav-2012" /><ref name="lcdb" /> 9.80<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /> }}

'''7119 Hiera''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪər|ə}} is a large Jupiter trojan and potentially slow rotator from the Greek camp, approximately {{convert|70|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 11 January 1989, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The dark Jovian asteroid belongs to the 60 largest Jupiter trojans and has an estimated rotation period of at least 400 hours.<ref name="lcdb" /> It was named for the Amazon Hiera, who fought against the Greeks in the Trojan War.<ref name="springer" /> As with 624 Hektor, the naming for this Jovian asteroid was placed into the wrong camp.

== Orbit and classification ==

''Hiera'' is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's {{L4}} Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of its orbit in a 1:1 resonance {{crossreference|(see Trojans in astronomy)}}. It is also a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population.<ref name="AstDys-object" />

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.6–5.7 AU once every 11 years and 8 months (4,271 days; semi-major axis of 5.15 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 19° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> A first precovery was taken at the discovering observatory in November 1987, extending the body's observation arc by 14 months prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Hiera'' is an assumed, carbonaceous C-type asteroid, while its V–I color index of 0.95 is typical for most Jovian D-type asteroids.<ref name="lcdb" />

=== Suspected slow rotator ===

In June 2009, ''Hiera'' was observed by Italian astronomer Stefano Mottola at the Spanish Calar Alto Observatory during 5 consecutive nights. Although a lightcurve could not be obtained and a systematic instrumental error could not be ruled out, the body displayed a slowly, ever decreasing brightness of 0.1 in magnitude, which would translate into a rotation period of at least 400 hours ({{small|U=1}}).<ref name="Mottola-2011" /> This would make ''Hiera'' a slow rotator. As of 2018, no secure period has been obtained.<ref name="lcdb" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, ''Hiera'' measures between 59.15 and 77.29 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.036 and 0.067.<ref name="Grav-2012" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.0398 and a diameter of 76.45 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.7.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This minor planet was named after Hiera from Greek mythology, a female general in the Trojan War. However, her name was removed from Homer's ''Iliad'', as to not diminish the greatness of Helen of Troy, the daughter of Zeus and cause for the Trojan war ''(also see 101 Helena)''. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 4 May 1999 ({{small|M.P.C. 34625}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" /> Although the asteroid resides in the Greek camp, the citation describes Hiera as a general of the Mysians, who fought on the Trojan, not the Greek side in the Trojan War.

== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-07-04 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 7119 Hiera (1989 AV2) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2007119 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20160803231809/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2007119 |url-status = dead |archive-date = 3 August 2016 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 577 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_6297 |chapter = (7119) Hiera }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 7119 Hiera (1989 AV2) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=7119 |access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans">{{cite web |title = List of Jupiter Trojans |work = Minor Planet Center |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = 1 June 2018 |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/JupiterTrojans.html |access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Grav-2012">{{cite journal |first1 = T. |last1 = Grav |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. M. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = J. R. |last4 = Masiero |first5 = C. R. |last5 = Nugent |date = November 2012 |title = WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759...49G |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 10 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759...49G |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49 |arxiv = 1209.1549 |s2cid = 119101711 |access-date= 15 June 2018}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-6?-source=J/ApJ/759/49/table1&MPC=07119 online catalog])</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid (7119) Hiera – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=7119&pc=1.1.6 |access-date= 15 June 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 7119 |access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= free }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=7119 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>

<ref name="Mottola-2011">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Stefano |last1 = Mottola |first2 = Mario |last2 = Di Martino |first3 = Anders |last3 = Erikson |first4 = Maria |last4 = Gonano-Beurer |first5 = Albino |last5 = Carbognani |first6 = Uri |last6 = Carsenty |first7 = Gerhard |last7 = Hahn |first8 = Hans-Josef |last8 = Schober |first9 = Felix |last9 = Lahulla |first10 = Marco |last10 = Delbò |first11 = Claes-Ingvar |last11 = Lagerkvist |date = May 2011 |title = Rotational Properties of Jupiter Trojans. I. Light Curves of 80 Objects |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 141 |issue = 5 |page = 32 |bibcode = 2011AJ....141..170M |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/170|doi-access= free }}</ref>

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== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs005001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000)] – Minor Planet Center * [https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=7119+Hiera Asteroid 7119 Hiera] at the Small Bodies Data Ferret * {{AstDys|7119}} * {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |7118 Kuklov |number=7119 |(7120) 1989 AD3}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hiera}} 007119 Category:Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker Category:Discoveries by Eugene Merle Shoemaker Category:Named minor planets 19890111