{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 66 Maja | background = #D6D6D6 | image = A737.M1234.shape(1).png | image_scale = | caption = Lightcurve-based 3D-model of ''Maja'' | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = H. P. Tuttle | discovery_site = Harvard College Obs. | discovered = 9 April 1861 | mpc_name = (66) Maja | alt_names = 1947 FO{{·}}1974 KR<br />{{mp|1992 OX|10}}{{·}}A902 UF<br />A906 QD | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|eɪ|.|ə}}<ref>'Maia' in Noah Webster (1884) ''A Practical Dictionary of the English Language''</ref> | adjective = Majan | named_after = Maia {{small|(Greek mythology)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />background<ref name="Ferret" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 156.54 yr (57,178 days) | aphelion = 3.1021 AU | perihelion = 2.1884 AU | semimajor = 2.6453 AU | eccentricity = 0.1727 | period = 4.30 yr (1,571 days) | mean_anomaly = 241.56° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2291|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 3.0461° | asc_node = 7.5071° | arg_peri = 44.071° | mean_diameter = {{val|62.87|15.72}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|62.901|19.42}} km<ref name="Masiero-2017" /><br />{{val|71.79|0.92}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|71.82|5.3}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|74.30|21.31}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|82.28|2.11}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> | mass =~{{val|1.8|e=17|u=kg}} (calculated)<ref name="Nugent-2015" /> | density ={{val|1.38|u=g/cm3}} (assumed)<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Icar..158...98K | bibcode=2002Icar..158...98K | title=Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt | last1=Krasinsky | first1=G. A. | last2=Pitjeva | first2=E. V. | last3=Vasilyev | first3=M. V. | last4=Yagudina | first4=E. I. | journal=Icarus | date=2002 | volume=158 | issue=1 | page=98 | doi=10.1006/icar.2002.6837 }}</ref> | rotation = {{val|9.733}} h<ref name="Di-Martino-1990" /><ref name="Barucci-1989" /><br />{{val|9.73509|0.00005}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|9.73570|0.00005}} h<ref name="Hanus-2016a" /><br />{{val|9.736|0.009}} h<ref name="Ditteon-2007" /><br />{{val|9.74|0.05}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|9.761|0.03}} h<ref name="Riccioli-2001" /> | albedo = {{val|0.03|0.01}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.037|0.052}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.05|0.02}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|0.0618|0.010}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.062|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.0759|0.0615}}<ref name="Masiero-2017" /> | spectral_type = Tholen {{=}} C<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}C<ref name="lcdb" /><br />SMASS {{=}} Ch<ref name="jpldata" /><br />B–V {{=}} 0.697<ref name="jpldata" /><br />U–B {{=}} 0.360<ref name="jpldata" /><br />V–R {{=}} {{val|0.374|0.010}}<ref name="Warner-2007i" /> | abs_magnitude = 9.18<ref name="Masiero-2017" />{{·}}{{val|9.18|0.35}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}9.36<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" />{{·}}{{val|9.44|0.09}}<ref name="Warner-2007i" />{{·}}9.48<ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}9.84<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> }}
'''66 Maja''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|eɪ|ə}}) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 71 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 April 1861, by American astronomer Horace Tuttle at the Harvard College Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after Maia from Greek mythology.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Maja'' is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.<ref name="Ferret" /> It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.2–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,571 days; semi-major axis of 2.65 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins at the Harvard Observatory, one night after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In the Tholen classification, ''Maja'' is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid,<ref name="jpldata" /> while in the SMASS classification it is a "hydrated" carbonaceous subtype (Ch).<ref name="jpldata" />
=== Rotation period and spin axes ===
Several rotational lightcurves of ''Maja'' have been obtained from photometric observations since 1988.<ref name="Di-Martino-1990" /><ref name="Barucci-1989" /><ref name="geneva-obs" /><ref name="Ditteon-2007" /><ref name="Riccioli-2001" /> Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve by French amateur astronomers Maurice Audejean and Jérôme Caron from February 2011 gave a rotation period of 9.73509 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.25 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="geneva-obs" />
In 2016, a modeled lightcurve was derived from various photometric database sources, giving a concurring sidereal period of 9.73570 hours and two spin axes of (49.0°, −70.0°) and (225.0°, −68.0°) in ecliptic coordinates.<ref name="Hanus-2016a" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Maja'' measures between 62.87 and 82.28 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.0759.<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Masiero-2017" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0618 and a diameter of 71.82 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.36.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named by Harvard's former president, J. Quincy, after Maia, one of the Seven Sisters of the Pleiades in Greek mythology. She is the mother of Hermes (Mercury) and the daughter of Atlas and Pleione. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 10}}).<ref name="springer" />
The asteroids {{MoMP|130|130 Elektra}}, {{MoMP|233|233 Asterope}} and {{MoMP|1051|1051 Merope}} were also named after the mythological Seven Sisters. In 1861, the director of the discovering observatory, George Phillips Bond, raised a minor concern since these names had already been applied to some of the brightest stars of the Pleiades in the constellation of Taurus: Maia, Electra, Asterope and Merope.<ref name="springer" />
== Spacecraft visits == At present, ''Maja'' has not been visited by any spacecraft. As of 1988, mission planning for the Cassini–Huygens spacecraft included a flyby of ''Maja'' while leaving the inner solar system in March 1997, however due to delays, the launch of Cassini-Huygens was moved from April 1996 to October 1997, thus negating the option to pass near ''Maja''. Cassini-Huygens passed by asteroid 2685 Masursky on 23 January 2000 instead.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cPiNsrGCMcsC Outward to the Beginning: the CRAF and Cassini Missions of the Mariner Mark 2 Program]; NASA Contractor Report CR-183133, 1 June 1988</ref>
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
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<ref name="Warner-2007i">{{Cite journal |author = Warner, Brian D. |date = December 2007 |title = Initial Results of a Dedicated H-G Project |url = https://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2007MPBu...34..113W |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 34 |issue = 4 |pages = 113–119 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2007MPBu...34..113W |access-date= 11 January 2018}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010425082031/http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/~lance/asteroid_radar_properties/mba.html Disc-Integrated Radar Properties of Main-Belt Asteroids], JPL, Magri (2004) * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|66}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |65 Cybele |number=66 |67 Asia}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maja}} 000066 Category:Discoveries by Horace Tuttle Category:Named minor planets 000066 000066 18610409