{{short description|Diesel engine from Ukraine}} {{Infobox Automobile engine | name = 5TD engine | image = File:5TDF engine in the T-64BV engine compartment (1).jpg | image_size = 250 | caption = The engine in a T-64 tank | manufacturer = Malyshev Factory | production = | designer = Malyshev Factory | produced = | displacement = | configuration = 5-cylinder | bore = {{Cvt|120|mm}} | stroke = 2 × {{Cvt|120|mm}} | coolingsystem = Liquid | fueltype = Diesel | power = {{convert|515-772|kW|PS|abbr=on}} | torque = | redline = | specific power = | compression = | specpower = | weight = {{Cvt|1040|kg}} | length = {{Cvt|1413|mm}} | width = {{Cvt|955|mm}} | height = {{Cvt|581|mm}} | predecessor = 4TD }}
The '''5TD engine''' ({{langx|uk|5ТД}}) is a series of two-stroke 5-cylinder diesel engines, which was designed and manufactured in the Malyshev Factory in Kharkiv. As a multi-fuel engine, the 5TD is designed for installation on various modifications of T-64 tanks, with high supercharging, liquid cooling, direct fuel injection, oppositely moving pistons, horizontal arrangement of cylinders (cylinder diameter 120 mm, piston stroke 2×120 mm), 5-cylinder, and a power of 700—1050 horsepower depending on the modification.
== History == The need for a new engine arose during the development of the T-64 tank in the early 1950s. The chief designer of the new tank demanded a compact, relatively small engine compartment, and could not use the existing Kharkiv model V-2. Among the options considered was a prototype engine developed by O. D. Charomsky, which was based on the engine from a Junkers Ju 86 captured during the Spanish Civil War.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sobolev |first1=D. A. |last2=Khazanov |first2=D. B. |title=Немецкий след в истории отечественной авиации |trans-title=German Influence on the History of Russian Aviation |year=2000 |page=143-144 |url=https://prussia.online/Data/Book/ne/nemetskiy-sled-v-istorii-otechestvennoy-aviatsii/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%94.,%20%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%94.%20%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20(2000),%20OCR.pdf |isbn=9785900078069 |oclc=163837574 |language=ru }}</ref> However, Charomsky did not have access to the actual engine at the time, but only a test stand with a single-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine.<ref name="vin">{{cite book | page = 4-5 | title =Osnovnoy boevoy tank T-64 | author1= Maksym Saenko |author2=Vasylyy Chobytok | year = 2002 |isbn=9785940380221 |oclc=67356459 |publisher=Ėksprint |location=Moscow |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/162868569.pdf|title=История создания двигателя|access-date=2023-07-13|archive-date=2023-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713012922/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/162868569.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1953, Charomsky went on a business trip to Kharkiv, where the 4TD engine was created under his leadership. But since the capacity of this engine was not enough, an additional cylinder was needed, leading to the creation of the 5TD engine with five cylinders and a total capacity of {{cvt|600|hp}}. Over time the engine was improved, increasing the engine life from 100 to 500 hours.<ref name="vin" />
The 5TD-FMA engine, a variant of the 5TD engine, has a capacity of {{cvt|1050|hp}} and was used in the modernized versions of the T-72 tank, including the T-72UA-1. The new engine was installed while maintaining the standard cooling system and without significant modifications to the tank hull. The compact dimensions of the engine allowed the placement of an additional EA-10-2 power plant with a capacity of 10 kW in the engine-transmission compartment, which has a fuel consumption of 3.8 kg/hr.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://btvt.info/1inservice/t72ua1/t72ua1.htm | title = Модернизированный танк Т-72УА-1 | accessdate = 2017-07-17 | publisher = BTVT | archive-date = 1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801114725/http://btvt.info/1inservice/t72ua1/t72ua1.htm }}</ref>
During the Russo-Ukrainian war, efforts intensified for the modernization of the T-64 tank. In June 2016, the 5TD engine was modernized into the 5TD-F engine. At the state enterprise "Kharkiv Armored Plant", at the experimental station of diesel engines with a computer information collection system, the 5TDF engine was modernized. With this engine, the driving performance and engine life of the combat vehicle increase significantly.<ref name="na.7">{{cite web | url = http://na.mil.gov.ua/33330-teper-navidnik-t-64-mozhe-rozpiznati-cil-na-vidstani-do-trox-kilometriv | title = Тепер навідник Т-64 може озпізнати ціль на відстані до трьох кілометрів | date = 2016-06-07 | publisher = Народна армія | accessdate = 2017-05-03 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160812001320/http://na.mil.gov.ua/33330-teper-navidnik-t-64-mozhe-rozpiznati-cil-na-vidstani-do-trox-kilometriv |archive-date = 12 August 2016 }}</ref>
As of September 2018, Ukrainian enterprises had begun overhauling 5TD-F engines, and had created a certain stock of repaired engines. Since all past production was carried out with cooperation from Russia, production began for critical components that were previously not manufactured in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2018/09/melnyk.html | title = Про перспективи розвитку й модернізації бронетехніки | publisher = Ukrainian Military Pages | date = 2018-09-22 | accessdate = 2018-09-27 | archive-date =2018-09-27| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180927165126/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2018/09/melnyk.html }}</ref>
== Characteristics == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" | Characteristics ! colspan="3" | Engines |- | 5TD-F | 5TD-FM | 5TD-FMA |- ! style="text-align:left" | Application | T-64 | T-64, T-55 | T-72UA-1 |- ! style="text-align:left" | Efficiency<br>(Horsepower) | 700 | 850 | 1050 |- ! style="text-align:left" | Fuel consumption<br>rate (g/PS·h) | 158 | 160 | 153 |- ! style="text-align:left" | Weight (kg) | colspan="3" | 1040 |- ! style="text-align:left" | Size (mm) | colspan="3" | 1413 × 955 × 581 |} == References == {{reflist}}
== Bibliography == *{{cite book | url = https://www.military-references.com/wp-content/uploads/books/tanks/ussr/t-64/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_5%D0%A2%D0%94%D0%A4_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_1977.pdf | title = Двигатель 5ТДФ. Техническое описание | location = Moscow | publisher = Воениздат. Министерство обороны СССР | year = 1977 | access-date = 2024-05-27 | archive-date = 2024-12-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241201180330/https://www.military-references.com/wp-content/uploads/books/tanks/ussr/t-64/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_5%D0%A2%D0%94%D0%A4_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_1977.pdf }} **Outlined description of the 5TD motor<br />{{cite web | author1= Тарасенко А. А.|author2=Чернышев В. Л.|author3=Чобиток В. В. | title = История двигателей типа 5ТД. Главы из книги «Основной боевой танк Т-64. 50 лет в строю» | periodical= Двигатель | year = 2018 | version= № 2, 116 | pages = 32-37 | url = http://engine.aviaport.ru/issues/116/pics/2018-2_full.pdf | accessdate =2018-06-21 | archivedate = 2018-06-13 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180613162332/http://engine.aviaport.ru/issues/116/pics/2018-2_full.pdf }} *{{cite book | title = История и парадоксы отечественного танкостроения | chapter = 4.3 Двигатель 5ТДФ и его проблемы | author = Чернышев В., Тарасенко А. | year = 2000 | url = http://btvt.narod.ru/istoria_t64/4_3.htm | accessdate = 2015-03-20 | archive-date = 2015-03-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150316125131/http://btvt.narod.ru/istoria_t64/4_3.htm }} *{{cite book | title = Двигатели танков (из истории танкостроения). Послевоенный период | chapter = Харьковский завод транспортного машиностроения им. Малышева | author = Е. А. Зубов | editor = ред. к.т.н. Н. И. Троицкий | url = http://armor.kiev.ua/lib/engine/zubov-2.pdf | publisher = НТЦ «Информтехника» | year = 1995 | location = Moscow | access-date = 2024-05-27 | archive-date = 2024-11-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241130192410/http://armor.kiev.ua/lib/engine/zubov-2.pdf }}
== See also== * 3TD engine — used in several military vehicles, including BMPs and Armoured personnel carriers * 6TD engine — used in certain models of Soviet tanks, including the T-80UD and T-84 models
== External links == {{Commons category}} *{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208033550/http://www.malyshevplant.com/content/5TD |title=5ТД}} (Malyshev Factory website) *{{Cite web |url=http://btvt.narod.ru/4/5td/5tdf.htm |title=ДВИГАТЕЛЬ 5ТДФ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210173217/http://btvt.narod.ru/4/5td/5tdf.htm |archive-date=10 December 2014 |language=ru}} *{{YouTube|id=cxIgVPwwpTk|title=Теория ДВС: Танковый двигатель 5ТДФ}}
Category:Diesel engines Category:Tank engines Category:Malyshev Factory products