{{Short description|Trojan asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 5120 Bitias | background = #C2FFFF | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = C. Shoemaker | discovery_site = Palomar Obs. | discovered = 13 October 1988 | mpc_name = (5120) Bitias | alt_names = {{mp|1988 TZ|1}} | adjective = Bitiantian | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɪ|t|i|ə|s}}<ref>{{L&S|Bitias|ref}}</ref> | named_after = Bĭtĭas {{small|(Virgil)}}<ref name="MPC-object" /> | mp_category = Jupiter trojan<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><br />{{nowrap|Trojan<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans" />{{·}}background<ref name="AstDys-object" />}} | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 29.45 yr (10,755 d) | aphelion = 5.8591 AU | perihelion = 4.6928 AU | semimajor = 5.2759 AU | eccentricity = 0.1105 | period = 12.12 yr (4,426 d) | mean_anomaly = 198.32° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.0813|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 24.999° | asc_node = 295.89° | arg_peri = 23.524° | jupiter_moid = 0.4103 AU | tisserand = 2.8000 | mean_diameter = {{val|47.99|0.55|u=km}}<ref name="Grav-2012" /><br />{{val|50.77|u=km}} {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | rotation = {{val|15.21|0.02|u=h}}<ref name="Stephens-2014c" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-CS3}} | albedo = {{val|0.057}} {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.122|0.031}}<ref name="Grav-2012" /> | spectral_type = C {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />B–V {{=}} {{val|0.780|0.060}}<ref name="Chatelain-2016" /><br />V–R {{=}} {{val|0.450|0.040}}<ref name="Chatelain-2016" /><br />V–I {{=}} {{val|0.780|0.037}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 9.5<ref name="Grav-2012" /><br />10.2<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /> }}
'''5120 Bitias''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɪ|t|i|ə|s}} is a Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately {{convert|48|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 13 October 1988, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The assumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 15.2 hours. It was named after Bitias, a companion of Aeneus in Virgil's ''Aeneid''.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Bitias'' is a dark Jovian asteroid in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is located in the trailing Trojan camp at the Gas Giant's {{L5}} Lagrangian point, 60° behind on its orbit {{crossreference|(see Trojans in astronomy)}}.<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans" /> It is also a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population.<ref name="AstDys-object" />
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.7–5.9 AU once every 12 years and 1 month (4,426 days; semi-major axis of 5.28 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins with its first observation at Palomar in September 1988, just one month prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Bitias'' is an assumed, carbonaceous C-type asteroid. It has a low V–I color index of 0.78.<ref name="lcdb" />
=== Rotation period ===
In March 1993, a rotational lightcurve of ''Bitias'' was obtained from photometric observations over four consecutive nights by Stefano Mottola using the ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 11.582 hours with a brightness variation of at least 0.38 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Mottola-2011" />
In August 2013, a more refined period determination from observations over seven consecutive nights by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies gave a well-defined period of {{val|15.21|0.02}} hours with an amplitude of 0.32 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).<ref name="Stephens-2014c" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-CS3}}
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Bitias'' measures between 47.987 and 47.99 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo,<ref name="Grav-2012" /> while the ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 50.77 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.2.<ref name="lcdb" />
{{Largest Jupiter trojans}}
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named by the discoverer from Greek mythology after the Trojan warrior Bitias. He survived the Trojan War and was a companion in Aeneas' exile. He was later killed in Italy with a whirling pike during the Latin War.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 4 June 1993 ({{small|M.P.C. 22248}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== Notes == {{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-CS3|1=Lightcurve plots of (3317) Paris from [http://www.planetarysciences.org/plots/RDS/5120_BITIAS_2013-08-13.PNG Aug 2013] by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies {{Obscode|U81}}. Quality code is 3- (lightcurve rating at CS3). Summary figures at the [https://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=5120%7CBitias LCDB] and [http://www.planetarysciences.org/PHP/CS3_Lightcurves.php CS3].}}
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2018-02-24 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5120 Bitias (1988 TZ1) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2005120 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 21 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 5120 Bitias (1988 TZ1) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=5120 |access-date = 21 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans">{{cite web |title = List of Jupiter Trojans |work = Minor Planet Center |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = 1 June 2018 |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/JupiterTrojans.html |access-date = 21 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |access-date = 21 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Grav-2012">{{cite journal |first1 = T. |last1 = Grav |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. M. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = J. R. |last4 = Masiero |first5 = C. R. |last5 = Nugent |date = November 2012 |title = WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 10 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759...49G |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49 |arxiv = 1209.1549 |s2cid = 119101711 }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-6?-source=J/ApJ/759/49/table1&MPC=05120 online catalog])</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid (5120) Bitias – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=5120&pc=1.1.6 |access-date= 21 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 5120 |access-date = 21 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Stephens-2014c">{{Cite journal |first1 = Robert D. |last1 = Stephens |first2 = Linda M. |last2 = French |first3 = Chelsea |last3 = Davitt |first4 = Daniel R. |last4 = Coley |date = April 2014 |title = At the Scaean Gates: Observations Jovian Trojan Asteroids, July- December 2013 |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 41 |issue = 2 |pages = 95–100 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2014MPBu...41...95S}}</ref>
<ref name="Mottola-2011">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Stefano |last1 = Mottola |first2 = Mario |last2 = Di Martino |first3 = Anders |last3 = Erikson |first4 = Maria |last4 = Gonano-Beurer |first5 = Albino |last5 = Carbognani |first6 = Uri |last6 = Carsenty |first7 = Gerhard |last7 = Hahn |first8 = Hans-Josef |last8 = Schober |first9 = Felix |last9 = Lahulla |first10 = Marco |last10 = Delbò |first11 = Claes-Ingvar |last11 = Lagerkvist |date = May 2011 |title = Rotational Properties of Jupiter Trojans. I. Light Curves of 80 Objects |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 141 |issue = 5 |page = 32 |bibcode = 2011AJ....141..170M |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/170|doi-access= free }}</ref>
<ref name="Chatelain-2016">{{Cite journal |first1 = Joseph P. |last1 = Chatelain |first2 = Todd J. |last2 = Henry |first3 = Linda M. |last3 = French |first4 = Jennifer G. |last4 = Winters |first5 = David E. |last5 = Trilling |date = June 2016 |title = Photometric colors of the brightest members of the Jupiter L5 Trojan cloud |journal = Icarus |volume = 271 |pages = 158–169 |bibcode = 2016Icar..271..158C |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.01.026|doi-access= free }}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs005001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000)] – Minor Planet Center * [https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=5120+Bitias Asteroid 5120 Bitias] at the Small Bodies Data Ferret * {{AstDys|5120}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |(5119) 1988 RA1 |number=5120 |5121 Numazawa}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bitias}} 005120 Category:Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker Category:Named minor planets 19881013