47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot

{{for|the 4th Marines that were also known as the 47th Foot between 1739 and 1748|4th Regiment of Marines (British Army)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}} {{Infobox military unit |unit_name= 47th (The Lancashire) Regiment of Foot |image= |caption= |dates= 1741–1881 |country={{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}} (1741–1800) {{flag|United Kingdom}} (1801–1881) |branch={{army|United Kingdom}} |type= |role= |size= One battalion (two battalions 1794–1795; 1803–1815) |command_structure= |garrison=Fulwood Barracks, Lancashire |garrison_label= |nickname= ''The Cauliflowers'', ''The Lancashire Lads'', ''Wolfe's Own'' |patron= |motto= |colors= White facings, white lace |colors_label= |march= |mascot= |equipment= |equipment_label= |battles=1745 Jacobite Rising Father Le Loutre's War Seven Years' War 1756-1763 American Revolutionary War Napoleonic Wars Third Anglo-Maratha War First Anglo-Burmese War Crimean War |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours=  |commander1= |commander1_label= |commander2= |commander2_label= |commander3= |commander3_label= |notable_commanders=  |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_label= |identification_symbol_2= |identification_symbol_2_label= |identification_symbol_3= |identification_symbol_3_label= }}

The '''47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot''' was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in Scotland in 1741. It served in North America during the Seven Years' War and American Revolutionary War and also fought during the Napoleonic Wars and the Crimean War. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 81st Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincoln Volunteers) to form the Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) in 1881.

==History==

===Formation and early service=== [[File:General Sir John Mordaunt.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Colonel Sir John Mordaunt, founder of the regiment, by Allan Ramsay]] thumb|right|150px|Soldier of 47th regiment, 1742 The regiment was raised in Scotland by Colonel Sir John Mordaunt as '''Sir John Mordaunt's Regiment of Foot''' in 1741.<ref name=regiments>{{cite web|url=http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/047-751.htm |title=47th (the Lancashire) Regiment of Foot |publisher=regiments.org |access-date=14 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011105356/http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/047-751.htm |archive-date=11 October 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> In 1743, Peregrine Lascelles was appointed Colonel and until May 1745, the regiment was employed building a military road near Loch Lomond, part of a new route from Dumbarton to Inverary.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=David |title=Turner and Scotland #2: Loch Lomond from Colonel Lascelles' monument, 1801 |url=https://sublimesites.co/2018/05/12/turner-and-scotland-2-loch-lomond-from-colonel-lascelles-monument-1801/ |website=Sublime Sites |date=12 May 2018 |access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref>

In July, Charles Stuart landed in Scotland to launch the 1745 Rising and two companies of Lascelles garrisoned Edinburgh Castle.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lord Elcho, David |editor=Charteris, Edward Evan|title=A short account of the affairs of Scotland : in the years 1744, 1745, 1746 |date=1907 |publisher=David Douglas, Edinburgh |page=242}}</ref> The remaining eight companies fought at the Battle of Prestonpans in September, when the government army was swept aside in less than 20 minutes; most of the regiment was taken prisoner, except for Lascelles who fought his way out.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Royle |first1=Trevor |title=Culloden; Scotland's Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire|date=2016 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=978-1408704011|pages=17–18}}</ref>

Lascelles, together with Sir John Cope, commander at Prestonpans, and his deputy Thomas Fowke, were tried by a court-martial in 1746; all three were exonerated, but Cope never held a senior command again.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Blaikie|editor-first1=Walter Biggar |title=Publications of the Scottish History Society (Volume Ser. 2, Vol. 2 (March, 1916) 1737-1746) |date=1916 |publisher=Scottish History Society |page=434}}</ref>

As part of the reforms enacted by the Duke of Cumberland, the regiment was designated the 58th Regiment of Foot in 1747, before being re-numbered '''47th Regiment of Foot''' in 1751.<ref name=regiments/>

===North America 1750–1794=== [[File:A View of Louisburg in North America, taken near the Light House when that City was besieged in 1758 (Yale).tif|thumb|left|200px|The siege of Louisbourg, 1758]]

The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle awarded Britain sovereignty over the whole of Nova Scotia, including parts previously claimed by France. Between 1748 and 1755, conflict between British and French settlers resulted in a series of clashes known as Father Le Loutre's War; the regiment was posted there in 1750, taking part in the siege of Grand Pré, the Battle at Chignecto and the Battle of Fort Beauséjour.<ref>Royle, p. 152</ref>

During the Seven Years' War, it was part of the force under James Wolfe that captured Louisbourg in 1758, allegedly earning the nickname "Wolfe's Own".<ref name=downham>{{cite web|last=Downham|first=John|title=The 47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot|url=http://www.lancashireinfantrymuseum.org.uk/the-47th-lancashire-regiment-of-foot/|work=Lancashire Infantry Museum|publisher=Duke of Lancaster's Regiment|access-date=12 July 2013|archive-date=21 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121143835/https://www.lancashireinfantrymuseum.org.uk/the-47th-lancashire-regiment-of-foot/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was also present at the 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham, the Battle of Sainte-Foy and the subsequent siege of Quebec in April to May 1760. It then took part in the final and decisive campaign between July and September 1760 when Montreal fell. The regiment returned to Britain when the war ended in 1763.<ref name=locations>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/047-1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024090424/http://www.regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/047-1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 October 2007|title=47th Regiment of Foot: locations|publisher=Regiments.org|access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref>

On the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1773, the 47th was posted to New Jersey.<ref name=locations/> It took part in the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775 and the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775 and the Battles of Saratoga in September 1777.<ref name=downham/> The main body of the regiment was interned as part of the Convention Army and did not return home for another six years.<ref name=downham/> In 1782 the regiment was given a county distinction when it was given the title the '''47th (The Lancashire) Regiment of Foot'''.<ref name=regiments/> In 1791 the regiment was sent to the West Indies where it was garrisoned during much of the French Revolutionary Wars.<ref name=locations/> In 1794 a second battalion was raised in Norfolk but disbanded soon afterwards.<ref name=regiments/>

===Napoleonic Wars=== [[File:Denis Dighton Storming of San Sebastian.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The siege of San Sebastián, where the 2nd battalion lost 17 of its 22 officers and almost half the other ranks in August 1813, by Denis Dighton]]

In 1803, a second battalion was reformed and the following year deployed to Ireland.<ref name=second>{{cite web|url=http://regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/047-2.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071108122230/http://regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/047-2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 November 2007|title=2nd Battalion, 47th Regiment of Foot|publisher=Regiments.org|access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 1806, the 1st battalion was sent to garrison the former Dutch settlement of the Cape of Good Hope,<ref name=locations/> then joined the 1807 River Plate expedition under Sir Samuel Auchmuty, fighting at Montevideo in February and Buenos Aires in July.<ref name=downham/> The battalion was deployed to India in 1808 and the following year its flank companies took part in an expedition to the Persian Gulf.<ref name=locations/>

Meanwhile, the 2nd battalion was deployed to Gibraltar in 1809 and to Portugal in 1811 for service in the Peninsular War.<ref name=second/> The battalion took part in the Battle of Barrosa in March 1811 and the successful siege of Tarifa in December 1811.<ref name=downham/> The battalion was victorious at the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813 and took part in the successful but bloody siege of San Sebastián in August 1813.<ref name=downham/> At San Sebastián the battalion lost 17 of its 22 officers and almost half the other ranks.<ref name=downham/> The battalion then crossed the River Bidasoa and pursued the French Army into France fighting at the Battle of the Nive in December 1813 and taking part in the Battle of Bayonne in April 1814 before returning home and being disbanded at Portsmouth.<ref name=second/>

===The Victorian era=== thumb|Lieutenant Gaynor of the 47th Regiment photographed on campaign in the Crimea in 1855. thumb|Men of the 47th Regiment huddling around a fire during the winter in the Crimea in 1855. In 1817 the regiment was deployed to India and took part in the Third Anglo-Maratha War helping to defeat the Pindaris.<ref name=downham/> It returned to the Persion Gulf in December 1819 to combat piracy off the shores of Ras al-Khaimah and was sent to Burma in 1824 for service in the First Anglo-Burmese War:<ref name=downham/> it formed part of an army which advanced up the River Irrawaddy to the Kingdom of Ava before returning to India in 1826 and embarking for England in 1829.<ref name=locations/>

The regiment was posted to the Ionian Islands in 1850 and to Malta in 1853 before landing at Calamity Bay in September 1854, as part of the 2nd Division, for service in the Crimean War.<ref name=downham/> The regiment took part in the Battle of Alma in September 1854 and the Battle of Inkerman in November 1854 as well as the siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854.<ref name=downham/> The regiment returned to Malta in 1856 and to England in 1857.<ref name=locations/>

The regiment returned to Nova Scotia in 1861 to reinforce Canada's defences during tension with the United States arising from the Trent Affair.<ref name=downham/> It then helped defend Canada against Irish-American ex-soldiers during the Fenian raids in 1866.<ref name=downham/> The regiment then went to Barbados in 1868 before landing in Ireland in 1870.<ref name=locations/>

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 47th was linked with the 81st Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincoln Volunteers), and assigned to district no. 12 at Fulwood Barracks in Lancashire.<ref name=training>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210172841/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2006|title=Training Depots|publisher=Regiments.org|access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 81st Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincoln Volunteers) to form the Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire).<ref name=regiments/>

==Battle honours== Battle honours won by the regiment were:<ref name=regiments/>

*Seven Years War: Louisbourg, Quebec 1759 (''awarded to successor regiment, 1882'') *Peninsular War: Tarifa, Vittoria, San Sebastian, Nive, Peninsula (''all awarded to successor regiment, 1910'') *Burmese Wars: Ava *Crimean War: Alma, Inkerman, Sevastopol

==Victoria Cross== After the inception of the Victoria Cross (VC) in 1856 Private John McDermond was awarded the only VC of the regiment for his actions in saving a wounded Colonel during the Battle of Inkerman.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=21971 |date=24 February 1857 |page=660 }}</ref>

==Colonels== Colonels of the regiment were:<ref name=regiments/>

*1741–1743: Gen. Sir John Mordaunt, KB *1743–1771: Gen. Peregrine Lascelles

;The 47th Regiment of Foot - (1751) *1771–1790: Gen. Sir Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, KB

;The 47th (Lancashire) Regiment - (1782) *1790–1794: Lt-Gen. Sir Adam Williamson, KB *1794–1807: Gen. William Dalrymple *1807–1813: Gen. Hon. Richard Fitzpatrick *1813–1835: Gen. Hon. Sir Alexander Hope, GCB *1835–1847: Gen. Sir William Anson, 1st Baronet, KCB *1847: Lt-Gen. Sir Harry George Wakelyn Smith, Bt., GCB *1847–1854: Lt-Gen. Thomas Dalmer *1854–1865: Gen. Sir James Shaw Kennedy, KCB *1865–1867: Gen. Sir Charles Thomas van Straubenzee, GCB *1867–1875: Gen. John Patton *1875–1878: Gen. Sir William O'Grady Haly, KCB *1878–1881: Gen. Sir William Sherbrooke Ramsay Norcott, KCB

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading== *{{cite book|last=Purdon|first=Henry|title=An historical sketch of the 47th (Lancashire) Regiment: And of the campaigns through which they passed|publisher=Guardian Printing Works|year=1907}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:47th (Lancashire) Regiment Of Foot}} Category:Military units and formations established in 1741 Category:Military units and formations established in 1751 Category:Military units and formations in Lancashire Category:Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) Category:Regiments of the British Army in the American Revolutionary War Category:Regiments of the British Army in the Crimean War Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1881 Category:1751 establishments in Great Britain