{{Short description|British Army infantry regiment, 1719–1881}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}} {{Infobox military unit | unit_name = 41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot | image = | caption = | dates = 1719–1881 | country = {{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}} (1719–1800)<br>{{flagcountry|UKGBI}} (1801–1881) | branch = {{army|UKGBI}} | type = Line Infantry | role = Light Infantry | size = One battalion (2 battalions in 1813) | garrison = Maindy Barracks in Cardiff | ceremonial_chief = | ceremonial_chief_label = | colonel_of_the_regiment = | nickname = The Invalids<ref name="Burnham">{{cite book |last1=Burnham |first1=Robert |last2=McGuigan |first2=Ron |year=2010 |title=The British Army against Napoleon |location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire |publisher=Frontline Books |isbn=978-1-84832-562-3 |page=126}}</ref> | motto = | colors = | march = | mascot = | battles = War of 1812<br>First Anglo-Burmese War<br>First Anglo-Afghan War<br>Crimean War | notable_commanders = | anniversaries = }} The '''41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot''' was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1719. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Welch Regiment in 1881.
==History==
===Early history=== thumb|upright|{{circa|1742}} engraving of a regimental private thumb|The regimental uniform in {{circa|1750}}
The regiment was raised by Colonel Edmund Fielding in March 1719 as '''Edmund Fielding's Regiment of Foot''' out of independent companies of invalids and Chelsea out-pensioners - soldiers incapable of normal service through disease, age or injury.<ref name=regiments>{{cite web |url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/041-719.htm |title=41st (the Welsh) Regiment of Foot |publisher=regiments.org |access-date=11 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223230119/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/041-719.htm |archive-date=23 February 2007}}</ref> For much of its early history the regiment undertook garrison duties at Portsmouth. It was renamed the '''Royal Invalids''' in 1741,<ref name=regiments/> and it was numbered the '''41st Regiment of Foot''' in 1751.<ref name=regiments/> In 1782, when other regiments took county titles, it was denoted as the '''41st (Royal Invalids) Regiment of Foot'''; in 1787 it ceased to comprise invalids and became a conventional line regiment, dropping the title.<ref name=regiments/> On 23 January 1788, Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington, joined the regiment as a young lieutenant.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=12958|page=40|date=22 January 1788}}</ref>
[[File:Fort Meigs 07.jpg|thumb|upright|Memorial to the regimental troops who died at the siege of Fort Meigs]]
The regiment embarked for the West Indies in 1793 for service in the French Revolutionary Wars; it took part in the capture of Martinique in March 1794 and the attack on Guadeloupe in April 1794 before returning to England in October 1796.<ref>Lomax, pp. 37–40</ref> It was posted to Canada in 1800 and saw service there during the War of 1812. It fought under Major General Isaac Brock at the siege of Detroit in August 1812<ref>Lomax, p. 53</ref> and the Battle of Queenston Heights in October 1812.<ref>Lomax, p. 66</ref> Following Brock's death, it fought under Major-General Henry Procter at the Battle of Frenchtown in January 1813<ref>Lomax, p. 67</ref> and formed the bulk of the attacking force at the siege of Fort Meigs in April 1813 and the Battle of Fort Stephenson in August 1813.<ref>Lomax, p. 74</ref> It then formed part of the crew of the British naval squadron which was defeated at the Battle of Lake Erie in September 1813<ref>Lomax, p. 80</ref> and faced defeat again at the Battle of the Thames in October 1813.<ref>Lomax, p. 85</ref> It also took part in the successful Capture of Fort Niagara and Battle of Buffalo in December 1813, the Battle of Lundy's Lane in July 1814, and the Siege of Fort Erie in August and September 1814.<ref>Lomax, p. 98</ref>
Shadrack Byfield, a private in the regiment from 1809 to 1815, took part in many of these battles before losing an arm at Conjocta Creek in 1814 and, after returning home, chronicled the battles in his memoirs.<ref name="O'Keeffe">{{Cite journal |last=O'Keeffe |first=Eamonn |date=2026 |title=From Amputee to Author: Shadrack Byfield and the Making of a War of 1812 Veteran |doi=10.1017/jbr.2025.10169 |journal=Journal of British Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=1–22|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===The Victorian era=== The regiment was posted to India in July 1822 and was deployed to Rangoon for service in the First Anglo-Burmese War in May 1824.<ref name=lomax137>Lomax, pp. 137–143</ref> It formed part of an army which advanced up the River Irrawaddy to the Kingdom of Ava and then captured Bagan in February 1826.<ref name=lomax137/> It received a territorial affiliation in 1831, becoming the '''41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot'''.<ref name=regiments/>
The regiment was sent to Afghanistan in 1842 for service in the First Anglo-Afghan War and saw action at Kandahar and Ghazni.<ref>Lomax, pp. 161–173</ref> Patrick Cleburne, a private in the regiment from 1846 to 1849, subsequently moved to United States and rose to major general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/resources/person.htm?id=67 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228040016/http://www.nps.gov/resources/person.htm?id=67 |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 February 2015 |publisher=National Park Service |title=Patrick Cleburne |access-date=24 December 2016}}</ref> The regiment landed at Kalamita in summer 1854 for service in the Crimean War and fought at the Battle of Alma in September 1854 and the Battle of Inkerman, where they captured the Russian drums, in November 1854 before taking part in the siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854.<ref>Lomax, pp. 222–242</ref>
[[File:Монумент в пам’ять полеглих в Інкерманській битві 04.JPG|thumb|upright|Memorial to the regimental troops who died at the Battle of Inkerman]]
As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 41st was linked with the 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 24 at Maindy Barracks in Cardiff.<ref name=training>{{cite web |url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210172841/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 February 2006 |title=Training Depots |publisher=Regiments.org |access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Welch Regiment.<ref name=regiments/>
==Battle honours== The regiment's battle honours were as follows:<ref name=regiments/>
*War of 1812: Detroit, Queenstown, Miami, Niagara *First Anglo-Burmese War: Ava *First Anglo-Afghan War: Kandahar (1842), Ghazni (1842) *Crimean War: Alma, Inkerman, siege of Sevastopol
==Victoria Crosses== Two Victoria Crosses were awarded to men of the regiment *Sergeant-Major Ambrose Madden, Crimean War (26 October 1854) *Captain Hugh Rowlands, Crimean War (5 November 1854)
==Colonels of the Regiment== Colonels of the regiment were:<ref name=regiments/>
===The Regiment of Invalids=== *1719–1743: Lt-Gen. Edmund Fielding *1743–1752: Col. Tomkyn Wardour
===The 41st Regiment of Foot (Invalids)=== *1752–1764: Lt-Gen. John Parsons *1764–1765: Maj-Gen. Alexander Leslie, 6th Lord Lindores *1765–1771: Maj-Gen. John Parker *1771–1784: Lt-Gen. Jordan Wren *1784–1790: Maj-Gen. Archibald McNab
===The 41st Regiment of Foot=== *1790–1808: Gen. Sir Thomas Stirling, 5th Baronet *1808–1809: Lt-Gen. Hay McDowall *1810–1819: Gen. Sir Josiah Champagné, GCH *1819–1837: Lt-Gen. Hon. Sir Edward Stopford, GCB
===The 41st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot=== *1837–1848: Gen. Sir Ralph Darling, GCH *1848–1861: Gen. Charles Ashe à Court-Repington, CB, KH *1861–1881: Gen. Sir Richard England, GCB, KH
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==Sources== *{{cite book |last=Lomax |first=David Alexander Napier |title=A history of the services of the 41st (the Welch) regiment (now 1st battalion the Welch regiment) from its formation in 1719 to 1895 |publisher=Hiorns & Miller |year=1899 |url=http://www.fortyfirst.org/writings/lomax/lomax.html}}
==External links== * {{cite web |url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/041-719.htm |title=41st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot |publisher=regiments.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113060317/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/041-719.htm |archive-date=13 January 2008}}regiments.org * {{cite web |url=http://www.fortyfirst.org |title=The 41st Regiment of Foot: Military Living History Group}}, focused on the regiment's service in Canada
{{S-start}} {{Succession box|before=Royal Invalids |title= 41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot|years= 1719–1881 |after= The Welch Regiment}} {{S-end}} {{Regiments of Foot}} {{Royal Welsh}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:41st (Welch) Regiment Of Foot}} Category:Welch Regiment Category:Infantry regiments of the British Army Category:Welsh regiments of the British Army Category:Military units and formations in Wales Category:Military units and formations in Cardiff Category:Military units and formations established in 1719 Category:British military units and formations of the War of 1812 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1881 Category:1719 establishments in Great Britain Category:1881 disestablishments in the United Kingdom