41st United States Congress

{{short description|1869-1871 U.S. Congress}} {{Use American English|date=February 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox United States Congress |number = 41st |image = USCapitol1877.jpg |imagename = United States Capitol |imagedate = 1877 |start = March 4, 1869 |end = March 4, 1871 |vp = Schuyler Colfax (R) |pro tem = Henry B. Anthony (R) |speaker = James G. Blaine (R) |senators = 74 |reps = 243 |delegates = 9 |s-majority = Republican |h-majority = Republican |sessionnumber1 = 1st |sessionstart1 = March 4, 1869 |sessionend1 = April 10, 1869 |sessionnumber2 = 2nd |sessionstart2 = December 6, 1869 |sessionend2 = July 15, 1870 |sessionnumber3 = 3rd |sessionstart3 = December 5, 1870 |sessionend3 = March 4, 1871 |previous = 40th |next = 42nd }} The '''41st United States Congress''' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1871, during the first two years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1860 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority. {{TOClimit|2}}

==Major events== {{Main|1869 in the United States|1870 in the United States|1871 in the United States}} * March 4, 1869: Ulysses Grant became President of the United States * March 4, 1869: Carl Schurz R-Missouri became the first German American to serve in the United States Senate * May 10, 1869: Golden spike marked the completion of the First transcontinental railroad in Promontory, Utah<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11371/ |title = Ceremony at "Wedding of the Rails," May 10, 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah |website = World Digital Library |date = May 10, 1869 |access-date = July 21, 2013 }}</ref> * December 10, 1869: Wyoming Territory gave women the right to vote, one of the first such laws in the world * February 12, 1870: Utah Territory gave women the right to vote * February 25, 1870: Senator Hiram Rhodes Revels became the first African American in the U.S. Congress

==Major legislation== {{Main|List of United States federal legislation#41st United States Congress}} * March 18, 1869: Public Credit Act of 1869, Sess. 1, ch. 1, {{USStat|16|1}} * April 10, 1869: Judiciary Act of 1869, Sess. 1, ch. 22, {{USStat|16|44}} * May 31, 1870: Enforcement Act of 1870, Sess. 2, ch. 114, {{USStat|16|140}} * June 22, 1870: An Act to establish the Department of Justice, Sess. 2, ch. 150, {{USStat|16|162}} * June 29, 1870: An Act to reorganize the Marine Hospital Service, Sess. 2, ch. 169, {{USStat|16|169}} * July 12, 1870: Currency Act of 1870, Sess. 2, ch. 252, {{USStat|16|251}} * July 14, 1870: Funding Act of 1870, Sess. 2, ch. 256, {{USStat|16|272}} * February 21, 1871: District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871, Sess. 3, ch. 62, {{USPL|41|62}}, {{USStat|16|419}}

== Constitutional amendments == * February 3, 1870: Fifteenth Amendment was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 28) to become part of the Constitution<ref>{{cite web|last=Huckabee|first=David C.|title=Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution|url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/97-922.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040627015810/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/97-922.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 27, 2004|work=Congressional Research Service reports|publisher=Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress|location=Washington D.C.|date=September 30, 1997}}</ref>

== States readmitted == * January 26, 1870: Virginia rejoined the Union * February 23, 1870: Mississippi rejoined the Union * March 30, 1870: Texas rejoined the Union * July 15, 1870: Georgia rejoined the Union, the last former Confederate state to be readmitted

== Party summary ==

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Georgia were readmitted to representation.

===Senate=== {{USCongress Party summary | congress=41 | party1=Democratic | party2=Republican | party3=Other | abb1=D | abb2=R

| seats1_last=9 | seats2_last=57 | seats3_last=0 | seats_vacant_last=8

}}

===House of Representatives=== {{USCongress Party summary | congress=41 | party1=Democratic | party2=Republican | party3=Conservative | party4=Other | abb1=D | abb2=R | abb3=C | seats1_last=45 | seats2_last=170 | seats3_last=2 | seats4_last=3 | note4_last=Independent Republican, & Conservative Republican | seats_vacant_last=23 | seats1_begin=65 | seats2_begin=149 | seats3_begin=0 | seats4_begin=0 | seats_vacant_begin=29 | seats1_end=67 | seats2_end=167 | seats3_end=5 | seats4_end=0 | seats_vacant_end=4 | seats1_next=93 | seats2_next=144 | seats3_next=0 | seats4_next=2 | note4_next=Liberal Republican & Independent Republican | seats_vacant_next=2

}}

==Leadership== [[File:Schuyler Colfax portrait.jpg|thumb|President of the Senate Schuyler Colfax]]

=== Senate === * President: Schuyler Colfax (R) * President pro tempore: Henry B. Anthony (R)

=== House of Representatives === * Speaker: James G. Blaine (R) * Republican Conference Chairman: Robert C. Schenck and Nathaniel P. Banks * Democratic Caucus Chairman: William E. Niblack and Samuel J. Randall

==Members== This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed then by class and representatives are listed then by district. :''Skip to House of Representatives, below''

===Senate=== {{main|List of United States senators in the 41st Congress}} Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, "Class 1" meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1874; "Class 2" meant their term ended in this Congress, facing re-election in 1870; and "Class 3" meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1872. {{col-begin}} {{col-break}}

==== Alabama ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Willard Warner (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. George E. Spencer (R)

==== Arkansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Alexander McDonald (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Benjamin F. Rice (R)

==== California ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Eugene Casserly (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Cornelius Cole (R)

==== Connecticut ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. William A. Buckingham (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Orris S. Ferry (R)

==== Delaware ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Thomas F. Bayard (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)

==== Florida ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Abijah Gilbert (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Thomas W. Osborn (R)

==== Georgia ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Homer V. M. Miller (D), from February 24, 1871 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Joshua Hill (R), from February 1, 1871

==== Illinois ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Richard Yates (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

==== Indiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Daniel D. Pratt (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Oliver P. Morton (R)

==== Iowa ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. James W. Grimes (R), until December 6, 1869 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}James B. Howell (R), from January 18, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. James Harlan (R)

==== Kansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Edmund G. Ross (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)

==== Kentucky ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Thomas C. McCreery (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Garrett Davis (D)

==== Louisiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. John S. Harris (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. William P. Kellogg (R)

==== Maine ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Hannibal Hamlin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. William P. Fessenden (R), until September 8, 1869 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Lot M. Morrill (R), from October 30, 1869

==== Maryland ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. William T. Hamilton (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. George Vickers (D)

==== Massachusetts ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Charles Sumner (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Henry Wilson (R)

==== Michigan ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Zachariah Chandler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Jacob M. Howard (R)

==== Minnesota ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Alexander Ramsey (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Daniel S. Norton (R), until July 14, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}William Windom (R), July 15, 1870 – January 22, 1871 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Ozora P. Stearns (R), from January 22, 1871

==== Mississippi ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Adelbert Ames (R), from February 23, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Hiram R. Revels (R), from February 23, 1870 {{col-break}}

==== Missouri ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Carl Schurz (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Charles D. Drake (R), until December 19, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Daniel T. Jewett (R), December 19, 1870 – January 20, 1871 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Francis P. Blair Jr. (D), from January 20, 1871

==== Nebraska ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Thomas Tipton (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. John M. Thayer (R)

==== Nevada ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. William M. Stewart (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. James W. Nye (R)

==== New Hampshire ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Aaron H. Cragin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. James W. Patterson (R)

==== New Jersey ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. John P. Stockton (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Alexander G. Cattell (R)

==== New York ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Reuben E. Fenton (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

==== North Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Joseph C. Abbott (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. John Pool (R)

==== Ohio ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Allen G. Thurman (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. John Sherman (R)

==== Oregon ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. George H. Williams (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Henry W. Corbett (R)

==== Pennsylvania ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. John Scott (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Simon Cameron (R)

==== Rhode Island ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. William Sprague IV (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

==== South Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Thomas J. Robertson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Frederick A. Sawyer (R)

==== Tennessee ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. William G. Brownlow (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Joseph S. Fowler (R)

==== Texas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. James W. Flanagan (R), from March 30, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Morgan C. Hamilton (R), from March 31, 1870

==== Vermont ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. George F. Edmunds (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

==== Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. John F. Lewis (R), from January 26, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. John W. Johnston (D), from January 26, 1870

==== West Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Arthur I. Boreman (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Waitman T. Willey (R)

==== Wisconsin ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Matthew H. Carpenter (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Timothy O. Howe (R) {{col-break}} thumb|375px|Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 41st Congress in March 1869. The senators from Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia were not seated until later in the Congress. {{legend|#0044aa|2 Democrats}} {{legend|#660080|1 Democrat and 1 Republican}} {{legend|#aa0000|2 Republicans}} {{legend|#777|Territories}} {{col-break}} [[File:Henry B. Anthony - Brady-Handy.jpg|thumb|Senate President pro tempore Henry B. Anthony]] {{col-end}}

===House of Representatives=== {{main|List of United States representatives in the 41st Congress}} The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers. {{col-begin}} {{col-break}}

==== Alabama ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|1|1}}. Alfred E. Buck (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|2|2}}. Charles W. Buckley (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|3|3}}. Robert S. Heflin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|4|4}}. Charles Hays (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|5|5}}. Peter M. Dox (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|6|6}}. William C. Sherrod (D)

==== Arkansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arkansas|1|1}}. Logan H. Roots (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arkansas|2|2}}. Anthony A. C. Rogers (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arkansas|3|3}}. Thomas Boles (R)

==== California ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|California|1|1}}. Samuel B. Axtell (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|California|2|2}}. Aaron A. Sargent (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|California|3|3}}. James A. Johnson (D)

==== Connecticut ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Connecticut|1|1}}. Julius L. Strong (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Connecticut|2|2}}. Stephen W. Kellogg (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Connecticut|3|3}}. Henry H. Starkweather (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Connecticut|4|4}}. William H. Barnum (D)

==== Delaware ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Delaware|AL|At-large}}. Benjamin T. Biggs (D)

==== Florida ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Florida|AL|At-large}}. Charles M. Hamilton (R)

==== Georgia ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|1|1}}. William W. Paine (D), from December 22, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|2|2}}. Richard H. Whiteley (R), from December 22, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|3|3}}. Marion Bethune (R), from December 22, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|4|4}}. Jefferson F. Long (R), from January 16, 1871 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|5|5}}. Stephen A. Corker (D), from January 24, 1871 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|6|6}}. William P. Price (D), from December 22, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|7|7}}. Pierce M. B. Young (D), from December 22, 1870

==== Illinois ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|1|1}}. Norman B. Judd (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|2|2}}. John F. Farnsworth (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|3|3}}. Elihu B. Washburne (R), until March 6, 1869 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Horatio C. Burchard (R), from December 6, 1869 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|4|4}}. John B. Hawley (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|5|5}}. Ebon C. Ingersoll (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|6|6}}. Burton C. Cook (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|7|7}}. Jesse H. Moore (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|8|8}}. Shelby M. Cullom (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|9|9}}. Thompson W. McNeely (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|10|10}}. Albert G. Burr (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|11|11}}. Samuel S. Marshall (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|12|12}}. John B. Hay (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|13|13}}. John M. Crebs (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|AL|At-large}}. John A. Logan (R), until March 3, 1871

==== Indiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|1|1}}. William E. Niblack (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|2|2}}. Michael C. Kerr (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|3|3}}. William S. Holman (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|4|4}}. George W. Julian (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|5|5}}. John Coburn (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|6|6}}. Daniel W. Voorhees (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|7|7}}. Godlove S. Orth (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|8|8}}. James N. Tyner (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|9|9}}. John P. C. Shanks (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|10|10}}. William Williams (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|11|11}}. Jasper Packard (R)

==== Iowa ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|1|1}}. George W. McCrary (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|2|2}}. William Smyth (R), until September 30, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}William P. Wolf (R), from December 6, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|3|3}}. William B. Allison (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|4|4}}. William Loughridge (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|5|5}}. Francis W. Palmer (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|6|6}}. Charles Pomeroy (R)

==== Kansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kansas|AL|At-large}}. Sidney Clarke (R)

==== Kentucky ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|1|1}}. Lawrence S. Trimble (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|2|2}}. William N. Sweeney (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|3|3}}. Jacob Golladay (D), until February 28, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Joseph H. Lewis (D), from May 10, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|4|4}}. J. Proctor Knott (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|5|5}}. Boyd Winchester (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|6|6}}. Thomas L. Jones (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|7|7}}. James B. Beck (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|8|8}}. George M. Adams (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|9|9}}. John M. Rice (D)

==== Louisiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|1|1}}. J. Hale Sypher (R), from November 7, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|2|2}}. Lionel A. Sheldon (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|3|3}}. Chester B. Darrall (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|4|4}}. Joseph P. Newsham (R), from May 23, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|5|5}}. Frank Morey (R)

==== Maine ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maine|1|1}}. John Lynch (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maine|2|2}}. Samuel P. Morrill (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maine|3|3}}. James G. Blaine (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maine|4|4}}. John A. Peters (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maine|5|5}}. Eugene Hale (R)

==== Maryland ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|1|1}}. Samuel Hambleton (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|2|2}}. Stevenson Archer (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|3|3}}. Thomas Swann (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|4|4}}. Patrick Hamill (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|5|5}}. Frederick Stone (D)

==== Massachusetts ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|1|1}}. James Buffington (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|2|2}}. Oakes Ames (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|3|3}}. Ginery Twichell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|4|4}}. Samuel Hooper (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|5|5}}. Benjamin F. Butler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|6|6}}. Nathaniel P. Banks (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|7|7}}. George S. Boutwell (R), until March 12, 1869 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}George M. Brooks (R), from November 2, 1869 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|8|8}}. George F. Hoar (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|9|9}}. William B. Washburn (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|10|10}}. Henry L. Dawes (R)

==== Michigan ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|1|1}}. Fernando C. Beaman (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|2|2}}. William L. Stoughton (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|3|3}}. Austin Blair (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|4|4}}. Thomas W. Ferry (R), until March 3, 1871 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|5|5}}. Omar D. Conger (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|6|6}}. Randolph Strickland (R)

==== Minnesota ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Minnesota|1|1}}. Morton S. Wilkinson (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Minnesota|2|2}}. Eugene M. Wilson (D)

==== Mississippi ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|1|1}}. George E. Harris (R), from February 23, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|2|2}}. Joseph L. Morphis (R), from February 23, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|3|3}}. Henry W. Barry (R), from April 8, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|4|4}}. George C. McKee (R), from February 23, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|5|5}}. Legrand W. Perce (R), from February 23, 1870

==== Missouri ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|1|1}}. Erastus Wells (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|2|2}}. Gustavus A. Finkelnburg (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|3|3}}. James R. McCormick (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|4|4}}. Sempronius H. Boyd (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|5|5}}. Samuel S. Burdett (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|6|6}}. Robert T. Van Horn (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|7|7}}. Joel F. Asper (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|8|8}}. John F. Benjamin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|9|9}}. David P. Dyer (R)

==== Nebraska ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Nebraska|AL|At-large}}. John Taffe (R)

==== Nevada ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Nevada|AL|At-large}}. Thomas Fitch (R)

==== New Hampshire ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|1|1}}. Jacob H. Ela (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|2|2}}. Aaron F. Stevens (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|3|3}}. Jacob Benton (R)

==== New Jersey ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|1|1}}. William Moore (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|2|2}}. Charles Haight (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|3|3}}. John T. Bird (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|4|4}}. John Hill (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|5|5}}. Orestes Cleveland (D) {{col-break}}

==== New York ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|1|1}}. Henry A. Reeves (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|2|2}}. John G. Schumaker (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|3|3}}. Henry W. Slocum (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|4|4}}. John Fox (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|5|5}}. John Morrissey (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|6|6}}. Samuel S. Cox (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|7|7}}. Hervey C. Calkin (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|8|8}}. James Brooks (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|9|9}}. Fernando Wood (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|10|10}}. Clarkson N. Potter (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|11|11}}. George W. Greene (D), until February 17, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Charles H. Van Wyck (R), from February 17, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|12|12}}. John H. Ketcham (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|13|13}}. John A. Griswold (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|14|14}}. Stephen L. Mayham (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|15|15}}. Adolphus H. Tanner (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|16|16}}. Orange Ferriss (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|17|17}}. William A. Wheeler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|18|18}}. Stephen Sanford (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|19|19}}. Charles Knapp (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|20|20}}. Addison H. Laflin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|21|21}}. Alexander H. Bailey (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|22|22}}. John C. Churchill (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|23|23}}. Dennis McCarthy (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|24|24}}. George W. Cowles (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|25|25}}. William H. Kelsey (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|26|26}}. Giles W. Hotchkiss (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|27|27}}. Hamilton Ward Sr. (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|28|28}}. Noah Davis (R), until July 15, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Charles H. Holmes (R), from December 6, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|29|29}}. John Fisher (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|30|30}}. David S. Bennett (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|31|31}}. Porter Sheldon (R)

==== North Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|1|1}}. Clinton L. Cobb (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|2|2}}. David Heaton (R), until June 25, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Joseph Dixon (R), from December 5, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|3|3}}. Oliver H. Dockery (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|4|4}}. John T. Deweese (R), until February 28, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}John Manning Jr. (D), from December 7, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|5|5}}. Israel G. Lash (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|6|6}}. Francis E. Shober (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|7|7}}. Alexander H. Jones (R)

==== Ohio ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|1|1}}. Peter W. Strader (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|2|2}}. Job E. Stevenson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|3|3}}. Robert C. Schenck (R), until January 5, 1871 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|4|4}}. William Lawrence (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|5|5}}. William Mungen (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|6|6}}. John A. Smith (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|7|7}}. James J. Winans (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|8|8}}. John Beatty (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|9|9}}. Edward F. Dickinson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|10|10}}. Truman H. Hoag (D), until February 5, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Erasmus D. Peck (R), from April 23, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|11|11}}. John T. Wilson (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|12|12}}. Philadelph Van Trump (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|13|13}}. George W. Morgan (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|14|14}}. Martin Welker (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|15|15}}. Eliakim H. Moore (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|16|16}}. John Bingham (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|17|17}}. Jacob A. Ambler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|18|18}}. William H. Upson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|19|19}}. James A. Garfield (R)

==== Oregon ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Oregon|AL|At-large}}. Joseph S. Smith (D)

==== Pennsylvania ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|1|1}}. Samuel J. Randall (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|2|2}}. Charles O'Neill (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|3|3}}. John Moffet (D), until April 9, 1869 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Leonard Myers (R), from April 9, 1869 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|4|4}}. William D. Kelley (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|5|5}}. John R. Reading (D), until April 13, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Caleb N. Taylor (R), from April 13, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|6|6}}. John D. Stiles (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|7|7}}. Washington Townsend (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|8|8}}. J. Lawrence Getz (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|9|9}}. Oliver J. Dickey (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|10|10}}. Henry L. Cake (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|11|11}}. Daniel M. Van Auken (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|12|12}}. George W. Woodward (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|13|13}}. Ulysses Mercur (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|14|14}}. John B. Packer (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|15|15}}. Richard J. Haldeman (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|16|16}}. John Cessna (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|17|17}}. Daniel J. Morrell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|18|18}}. William H. Armstrong (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|19|19}}. Glenni W. Scofield (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|20|20}}. Calvin W. Gilfillan (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|21|21}}. John Covode (R), February 9, 1870 – January 11, 1871 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|22|22}}. James S. Negley (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|23|23}}. Darwin Phelps (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|24|24}}. Joseph B. Donley (R)

==== Rhode Island ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Rhode Island|1|1}}. Thomas A. Jenckes (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Rhode Island|2|2}}. Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (R)

==== South Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|1|1}}. B. Frank Whittemore (R), until February 24, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Joseph Rainey (R), from December 12, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|2|2}}. Christopher C. Bowen (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|3|3}}. Solomon L. Hoge (R), from April 8, 1869 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|4|4}}. Alexander S. Wallace (R), from May 27, 1870

==== Tennessee ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|1|1}}. Roderick R. Butler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|2|2}}. Horace Maynard (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|3|3}}. William B. Stokes (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|4|4}}. Lewis Tillman (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|5|5}}. William F. Prosser (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|6|6}}. Samuel M. Arnell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|7|7}}. Isaac R. Hawkins (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|8|8}}. William J. Smith (R)

==== Texas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|1|1}}. George W. Whitmore (R), from March 30, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|2|2}}. John C. Conner (D), from March 31, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|3|3}}. William T. Clark (R), from March 31, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|4|4}}. Edward Degener (R), from March 31, 1870

==== Vermont ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Vermont|1|1}}. Charles W. Willard (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Vermont|2|2}}. Luke P. Poland (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Vermont|3|3}}. Worthington C. Smith (R)

==== Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|1|1}}. Richard S. Ayer (R), from January 31, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|2|2}}. James H. Platt Jr. (R), from January 26, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|3|3}}. Charles H. Porter (R), from January 26, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Conservative Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|4|4}}. George Booker (C), from January 26, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Conservative Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|5|5}}. Robert Ridgway (C), from January 27, 1870 – October 16, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Conservative Party (US)}}Richard T. W. Duke (C), from November 8, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Conservative Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|6|6}}. William Milnes Jr. (C), from January 27, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Conservative Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|7|7}}. Lewis McKenzie (C), from January 31, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Conservative Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|8|8}}. James K. Gibson (C), from January 28, 1870

==== West Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|West Virginia|1|1}}. Isaac H. Duval (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|West Virginia|2|2}}. James C. McGrew (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|West Virginia|3|3}}. John Witcher (R)

==== Wisconsin ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|1|1}}. Halbert E. Paine (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|2|2}}. Benjamin F. Hopkins (R), until January 1, 1870 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}David Atwood (R), from February 23, 1870 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|3|3}}. Amasa Cobb (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|4|4}}. Charles A. Eldredge (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|5|5}}. Philetus Sawyer (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|6|6}}. Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)

==== Non-voting members ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arizona Territory|AL|Arizona Territory}}. Richard C. McCormick (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Colorado Territory|AL|Colorado Territory}}. Allen A. Bradford (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Dakota Territory|AL|Dakota Territory}}. Solomon L. Spink (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Idaho Territory|AL|Idaho Territory}}. Jacob K. Shafer (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Montana Territory|AL|Montana Territory}}. James M. Cavanaugh (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Mexico Territory|AL|New Mexico Territory}}. J. Francisco Chaves (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Utah Territory|AL|Utah Territory}}. William H. Hooper (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Washington Territory|AL|Washington Territory}}. Selucius Garfielde (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wyoming Territory|AL|Wyoming Territory}}. Stephen F. Nuckolls (D), from December 6, 1869 {{col-break}} thumb|400px| {| style="text-align:center" ! colspan=2 | House seats by party holding plurality in state |- | {{legend|#00f|80+% to 100% Democratic}} | {{legend|#f00|80+% to 100% Republican}} |- | {{legend|#09f|60+% to 80% Democratic}} | {{legend|#f66|60+% to 80% Republican}} |- | {{legend|#0ff|Up to 60% Democratic}} | {{legend|#f99|Up to 60% Republican}} |} [[File:Hon. James G. Blaine of Maine Crop.jpg|thumb|Speaker of the House, James G. Blaine]] {{col-end}}

==Changes in membership== The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

=== Senate === * Replacements: 6 ** Democratic: 1 seat net gain ** Republican: 1 seat net loss * Deaths: 2 * Resignations:2 * Interim appointments: 2 * Seats of newly re-admitted states: 8 *'''Total seats with changes: 14'''  {{see also|List of special elections to the United States Senate}} {{Ordinal US Congress change|Senate}} |- | Virginia (1) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Virginia re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | John F. Lewis (R) | rowspan=2 | January 26, 1870

|- | Virginia (2) | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | John W. Johnston (D)

|- | Mississippi (1) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Mississippi re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Adelbert Ames (R) | rowspan=2 | February 23, 1870

|- | Mississippi (2) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Hiram R Revels (R)

|- | Texas (1) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Texas re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | James W. Flanagan (R) | March 30, 1870

|- | Texas (2) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Morgan C. Hamilton (R) | March 31, 1870

|- | Georgia (3) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Georgia re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Joshua Hill (R) | February 1, 1871

|- | Georgia (2) | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Homer V. M. Miller (D) | February 28, 1871

|- | Maine (2) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | William P. Fessenden (R) | Died September 8, 1869. Successor appointed October 30, 1869. Successor was subsequently elected January 19, 1870 to finish the term. | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Lot M. Morrill (R) | October 30, 1869

|- | Iowa (2) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | James W. Grimes (R) | Resigned December 6, 1869, because of failing health. Successor elected January 18, 1870. | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | James B. Howell (R) | January 18, 1870

|- | Minnesota (2) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Daniel S. Norton (R) | Died July 14, 1870. Successor appointed July 15, 1870. | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | William Windom (R) | July 15, 1870

|- | Missouri (3) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Charles D. Drake (R) | Resigned December 19, 1870, after being appointed chief justice of the United States Court of Claims. Successor appointed December 19, 1870. | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Daniel T. Jewett (R) | December 19, 1870

|- | Missouri (3) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Daniel T. Jewett (R) | Interim appointee retired. Successor elected January 20, 1871. | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Francis P. Blair Jr. (D) | January 20, 1871

|- | Minnesota (2) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | William Windom (R) | Successor elected January 22, 1871. | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Ozora P. Stearns (R) | January 22, 1871

=== House of Representatives === * Replacements: 14 ** Democratic: 3 seat net loss ** Republican: 3 seat net gain ** Conservative Party of Virginia: no net change * Deaths: 6 * Resignations: 6 * Contested election: 8 * Seats of newly re-admitted states: 17 *'''Total seats with changes: 44'''  {{See also|List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives}} {{Ordinal US Congress change|House}} |- | {{ushr|South Carolina|3|South Carolina 3rd}} | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with J.P. Reed. Reed was never seated. House declared Hoge entitled to seat. | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Solomon L. Hoge (R) | April 8, 1869 |- | {{ushr|Wyoming Territory|AL|Wyoming Territory At-large}} | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Territory organized in previous congress and remained vacant until December 6, 1869 | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Stephen F. Nuckolls (D) | December 6, 1869 |- | {{ushr|Virginia|2|Virginia 2nd}} | rowspan=8 | Vacant | rowspan=8 style="font-size:80%" | Virginia re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | James H. Platt Jr. (R) | rowspan=3 | January 26, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Virginia|3|Virginia 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Charles H. Porter (R) |- | {{ushr|Virginia|4|Virginia 4th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Conservative}} | George Booker (C) |- | {{ushr|Virginia|5|Virginia 5th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Conservative}} | Robert Ridgway (C) | rowspan=2 | January 27, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Virginia|6|Virginia 6th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Conservative}} | William Milnes Jr. (C) |- | {{ushr|Virginia|8|Virginia 8th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Conservative}} | James K. Gibson (C) | January 28, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Virginia|1|Virginia 1st}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Richard S. Ayer (R) | rowspan=2 | January 31, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Virginia|7|Virginia 7th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Conservative}} | Lewis McKenzie (C) |- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|21|Pennsylvania 21st}} | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with Henry D. Foster. House declared neither was entitled to seat. House then declared Covode duly elected February 9, 1870 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John Covode (R) | February 9, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Mississippi|1|Mississippi 1st}} | rowspan=5 | Vacant | rowspan=5 style="font-size:80%" | Mississippi re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | George E. Harris (R) | rowspan=5 | February 23, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Mississippi|2|Mississippi 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Joseph L. Morphis (R) |- | {{ushr|Mississippi|3|Mississippi 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Henry W. Barry (R) |- | {{ushr|Mississippi|4|Mississippi 4th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | George C. McKee (R) |- | {{ushr|Mississippi|5|Mississippi 5th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Legrand W. Perce (R) |- | {{ushr|Texas|1|Texas 1st}} | rowspan=4 | Vacant | rowspan=4 style="font-size:80%" | Texas re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | George W. Whitmore (R) | March 30, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Texas|2|Texas 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | John C. Conner (D) | rowspan=3 | March 31, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Texas|3|Texas 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | William T. Clark (R) |- | {{ushr|Texas|4|Texas 4th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Edward Degener (R) |- | {{ushr|Louisiana|4|Louisiana 4th}} | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with Michael Ryan. House declared neither was entitled to seat. Elected to seat thus caused | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Joseph P. Newsham (R) | May 23, 1870 |- | {{ushr|South Carolina|4|South Carolina 4th}} | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with William D. Simpson. Simpson was never seated. House declared Wallace entitled to seat. | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Alexander S. Wallace (R) | May 27, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Louisiana|1|Louisiana 1st}} | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with Louis St. Martin. House declared neither was entitled to seat. Elected to seat thus caused | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | J. Hale Sypher (R) | November 7, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Georgia|1|Georgia 1st}} | rowspan=7 | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Joseph W. Clift not entitled to seat | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | William W. Paine (D) | rowspan=7 | December 22, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Georgia|2|Georgia 2nd}} | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Nelson Tift not entitled to seat | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Richard H. Whiteley (R) |- | {{ushr|Georgia|3|Georgia 3rd}} | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring William P. Edwards not entitled to seat | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Marion Bethune (R) |- | {{ushr|Georgia|4|Georgia 4th}} | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Samuel F. Gove not entitled to seat | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Jefferson F. Long (R) |- | {{ushr|Georgia|5|Georgia 5th}} | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Charles H. Prince not entitled to seat | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Stephen A. Corker (D) |- | {{ushr|Georgia|6|Georgia 6th}} | style="font-size:80%" | Failure to elect | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | William P. Price (D) |- | {{ushr|Georgia|7|Georgia 7th}} | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Pierce M. B. Young not entitled to seat. He was subsequently elected to fill the vacancy thus caused | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Pierce M. B. Young (D) |- | {{ushr|Illinois|3|Illinois 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Elihu B. Washburne (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 6, 1869, after being appointed United States Secretary of State | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Horatio C. Burchard (R) | December 6, 1869 |- | {{ushr|Massachusetts|7|Massachusetts 7th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | George S. Boutwell (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 12, 1869, after being appointed United States Secretary of the Treasury | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | George M. Brooks (R) | November 2, 1869 |- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|3|Pennsylvania 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | John Moffet (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election April 9, 1869 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Leonard Myers (R) | April 9, 1869 |- | {{ushr|Wisconsin|2|Wisconsin 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Benjamin F. Hopkins (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 1, 1870 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | David Atwood (R) | February 23, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Ohio|10|Ohio 10th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Truman H. Hoag (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died February 5, 1870 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Erasmus D. Peck (R) | April 23, 1870 |- | {{ushr|New York|11|New York 11th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | George W. Greene (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election February 17, 1870 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Charles Van Wyck (R) | February 17, 1870 |- | {{ushr|South Carolina|1|South Carolina 1st}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Benjamin F. Whittemore (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 24, 1870, pending an investigation of certain appointments to the US Military and Naval Academies | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Joseph Rainey (R) | December 12, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Kentucky|3|Kentucky 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Jacob Golladay (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 28, 1870 | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Joseph H. Lewis (D) | May 10, 1870 |- | {{ushr|North Carolina|4|North Carolina 4th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John T. Deweese (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 28, 1870, pending an investigation of certain appointments to the US Military and Naval Academies | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | John Manning Jr. (D) | December 7, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|5|Pennsylvania 5th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | John R. Reading (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election April 13, 1870 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Caleb N. Taylor (R) | April 13, 1870 |- | {{ushr|North Carolina|2|North Carolina 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | David Heaton (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 25, 1870 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Joseph Dixon (R) | December 5, 1870 |- | {{ushr|New York|28|New York 28th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Noah Davis (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 15, 1870, before being appointed U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Charles H. Holmes (R) | December 6, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Iowa|2|Iowa 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | William Smyth (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 30, 1870 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | William P. Wolf (R) | December 6, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Virginia|5|Virginia 5th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Conservative}} | Robert Ridgway (C) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 16, 1870 | nowrap {{party shading/Conservative}} | Richard T. W. Duke (C) | November 8, 1870 |- | {{ushr|Ohio|3|Ohio 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Robert C. Schenck (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 5, 1871, after being appointed U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|21|Pennsylvania 21st}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John Covode (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 11, 1871 | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | {{ushr|Illinois|AL|Illinois At-large}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John A. Logan (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned at end of congress March 3, 1871, after being elected to the US Senate for the following term | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | {{ushr|Michigan|4|Michigan 4th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Thomas W. Ferry (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned at end of congress March 3, 1871, after being elected to the US Senate for the following term | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |}

==Committees== {{List of Congressional Committees instructions}}

===Senate===

* Agriculture (Chairman: Simon Cameron; Ranking Member: Abijah Gilbert) * Appropriations (Chairman: Lot M. Morrill; Ranking Member: William Sprague IV) * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Orris S. Ferry; Ranking Member: Garrett Davis) * Claims (Chairman: Timothy O. Howe; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Robertson) * Commerce (Chairman: Zachariah Chandler; Ranking Member: Roscoe Conkling) * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) * District of Columbia (Chairman: James W. Patterson; Ranking Member: John S. Harris) * Education (Chairman: Frederick A. Sawyer; Ranking Member: Henry W. Corbett) * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: William A. Buckingham; Ranking Member: Daniel S. Norton) * Finance (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: Willard Warner) * Foreign Relations (Chairman: Charles Sumner; Ranking Member: Oliver P. Morton) * Indian Affairs (Chairman: James Harlan; Ranking Member: William A. Buckingham) * Judiciary (Chairman: Lyman Trumbull; Ranking Member: Benjamin F. Rice) * Manufactures (Chairman: Oliver P. Morton; Ranking Member: Arthur I. Boreman) * Memorial of Davis Hatch (Select) * Military Affairs and the Militia (Chairman: Henry Wilson; Ranking Member: John M. Thayer) * Mines and Mining (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: Edmund G. Ross) * Mississippi River Levee System (Select) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin; Ranking Member: Charles D. Drake) * Ordnance and War Ships (Select) * Outrages in Southern States (Select) * Pacific Railroad (Chairman: Jacob M. Howard; Ranking Member: Charles D. Drake) * Patents (Chairman: Waitman T. Willey; Ranking Member: Thomas W. Osborn) * Pensions (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: William G. Brownlow) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Alexander Ramsey; Ranking Member: Cornelius Cole) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: George H. Williams; Ranking Member: William P. Kellogg) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Adolphus H. Tanner) * Public Lands (Chairman: Samuel C. Pomeroy; Ranking Member: Willard Warner) * Removal of Political Disabilities (Select) (Chairman: Henry B. Anthony; Ranking Member: Orris S. Ferry) * Retrenchment (Chairman: John S. Harris; Ranking Member: Carl Schurz) * Revision of the Laws (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling; Ranking Member: John Pool) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Yates; Ranking Member: William G. Brownlow) * Rules (Select) * Tariff Regulation (Select) * Territories (Chairman: James W. Nye; Ranking Member: Jacob M. Howard) * Traffic with Rebels in Texas (Select) * Whole

===House of Representatives===

* Accounts (Chairman: Henry L. Cake; Ranking Member: Aaron A. Sargent) * Agriculture (Chairman: John T. Wilson; Ranking Member: Jacob Benton) * Appropriations (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: Aaron A. Sargent) * Banking and Currency (Chairman: James A. Garfield; Ranking Member: John B. Packer) * Claims (Chairman: William B. Washburn; Ranking Member: Jacob H. Ela) * Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: William D. Kelley; Ranking Member: Noah Davis) * Commerce (Chairman: Nathan F. Dixon; Ranking Member: David S. Bennett) * District of Columbia (Chairman: Burton C. Cook; Ranking Member: Charles M. Hamilton) * Education and Labor (Chairman: Samuel M. Arnell; Ranking Member: Samuel S. Burdett) * Elections (Chairman: Halbert E. Paine; Ranking Member: Job E. Stevenson) * Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Jacob H. Ela; Ranking Member: Peter W. Strader) * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John Lynch; Ranking Member: Patrick Hamill) * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William Moore; Ranking Member: John F. Benjamin) * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Alexander H. Bailey; Ranking Member: John D. Stiles) * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Samuel J. Randall) * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: William Williams; Ranking Member: Clinton L. Cobb) * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: John C. Churchill; Ranking Member: Truman H. Hoag) * Freedmen's Affairs (Chairman: Oliver H. Dockery; Ranking Member: John B. Hawley) * Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks; Ranking Member: Charles W. Willard) * Indian Affairs (Chairman: Sidney Clarke; Ranking Member: John T. Deweese) * Invalid Pensions (Chairman: John F. Benjamin; Ranking Member: Christopher C. Bowen) * Judiciary (Chairman: John A. Bingham; Ranking Member: Ulysses Mercur) * Manufactures (Chairman: Daniel J. Morrell; Ranking Member: William H. Upson) * Mileage (Chairman: Isaac R. Hawkins; Ranking Member: Job E. Stevenson) * Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Logan; Ranking Member: John S. Witcher) * Militia (Chairman: John P. C. Shanks; Ranking Member: Eliakim H. Moore) * Mines and Mining (Chairman: Orange Ferriss; Ranking Member: Isaac H. Duval) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Glenni W. Scofield; Ranking Member: George W. McCrary) * Pacific Railroads (Chairman: William A. Wheeler; Ranking Member: Logan H. Roots) * Patents (Chairman: Thomas A. Jenckes; Ranking Member: James A. Johnson) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John F. Farnsworth; Ranking Member: James N. Tyner) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Godlove Stein Orth; Ranking Member: Cadwallader C. Washburn) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John Beatty) * Public Expenditures (Chairman: John Coburn) * Public Lands (Chairman: George W. Julian; Ranking Member: James J. Winans) * Railways and Canals (Chairman: Ebon C. Ingersoll; Ranking Member: William F. Prosser) * Revision of Laws (Chairman: Luke P. Poland; Ranking Member: George F. Hoar) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Sempronius H. Boyd; Ranking Member: Alexander H. Jones) * Revolutionary Pensions and War of 1812 (Chairman: Charles W. Willard; Ranking Member: Roderick R. Butler) * Rules (Select) (Chairman: Schuyler Colfax; Ranking Member: James A. Garfield) * Standards of Official Conduct * Territories (Chairman: Shelby M. Cullom; Ranking Member: Eliakim H. Moore) * Ways and Means (Chairman: Samuel Hooper; Ranking Member: James Brooks) * Whole

===Joint committees===

* Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special) * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. John Beatty; Vice Chairman: Rep. Joseph C. Abbott) * The Library (Chairman: Rep. John A. Peters; Vice Chairman: Rep. George A. Woodward) * Printing (Chairman: Rep. Addison H. Laflin; Vice Chairman: Rep. William Mungen) * Retrenchment (Chairman: Rep. Martin Welker; Vice Chairman: Rep. Thomas A. Jenckes)

== Caucuses == * Democratic (House) * Democratic (Senate)

== Employees == === Legislative branch agency directors === * Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark * Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

=== Senate === * Chaplain: John P. Newman (Methodist) * Secretary: George C. Gorham * Sergeant at Arms: George T. Brown, until March 22, 1869 ** John R. French, elected March 22, 1869

=== House of Representatives === * Chaplain: John G. Butler (Presbyterian) * Clerk: Edward McPherson * Clerk at the Speaker's Table: John M. Barclay * Doorkeeper: Otis S. Buxton * Postmaster: William S. King * Reading Clerks: Charles N. Clisbee (D) and William K. Mehaffey (R) * Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway

== See also == * 1868 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress) ** 1868 United States presidential election ** 1868–69 United States Senate elections ** 1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections * 1870 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress) ** 1870–71 United States Senate elections ** 1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== * {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York}} * {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York}}

==External links== * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsllink.html Statutes at Large, 1789-1875] * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsjlink.html Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress] * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhjlink.html#anchor2 House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress] * [http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: House History] * [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists] * {{cite book |title=Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress, 1st Session |hdl = 2027/nyp.33433081796686?urlappend=%3Bseq=15|url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081796686?urlappend=%3Bseq=15 }} * {{cite book |title=Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress, 1st Session (Revision) |url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081796686;view=1up;seq=133 }} * {{cite book |title=Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress, 2nd Session |url= http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081796686&view=1up&seq=251 }} * {{cite book |title=Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress, 2nd Session (Revision) |url= http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081796686;view=1up;seq=371 }} * {{cite book |title=Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress, 3rd Session |url= http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101013661465;view=1up;seq=9 }} * {{cite book |title=Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress, 3rd Session (Revision) |url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112120085177;view=1up;seq=9 }}

Category:41st United States Congress