List of 40 mm grenades

{{Short description|Grenade suitable for use with a grenade launcher}} {{Redirect|40 mm|the common anti-aircraft weapon used in World War II|Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60}} thumb|300px|Box full of 40×53 mm high-velocity grenades [[File:615th Military Police Company live fire training 140116-A-BS310-164 (cropped).jpg|thumb|300px|A 40×46 mm low-velocity training round being fired from an M203 grenade launcher]]

This is a general collection of the world's many types of ammunition for grenade launchers in {{convert|40|mm|in|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} caliber.

Several countries have developed or adopted 40 mm-caliber grenade launchers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=2944|title=Grenade Launchers and their Ammunition: International Developments|website=Small Arms Defense Journal|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref>

== NATO == NATO currently uses three standardized 40 mm grenade families: 40 mm low-velocity (LV), 40 mm medium-velocity (MV), and 40 mm high-velocity (HV). Low- and medium-velocity cartridges are used for different hand-held grenade launchers, while the high-velocity cartridge is used for automatic grenade launchers.

=== 40×46 mm LV (40 mm low velocity) === [[File:Loading M203 40 mm grenade launcher attached to an M16 rifle.jpg|thumb|A 40×46 mm low-velocity cartridge being loaded into an M203 grenade launcher attached to an M16A1]] {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | total_width = 230 | title = High–low system casing for the 40×46 mm low-velocity cartridge | image1 = 40mm casing, inside.jpg | image2 = 40mm_High-Low_Launch_System_Drawing.jpg }} thumb|Fired 40 mm low-velocity M781 showing its orange signal chalk ''40×46 mm LV'' (''low velocity'')<ref name=":29" /> is a NATO-standard<ref name=":6">{{cite web|date=30 September 2017|title=C.I.P. 40 x 46|url=http://www.cip-bobp.org/homologation/uploads/tdcc/tab-x/tabxcal-en-page17.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930081759/http://www.cip-bobp.org/homologation/uploads/tdcc/tab-x/tabxcal-en-page17.pdf|archive-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> high–low grenade launcher cartridge meant for hand-held grenade launchers, such as the M79, M203, Milkor MGL, Heckler & Koch AG36 and M320 Grenade Launcher Module.

The propellant has low pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of {{convert|78-84|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} depending on the ammunition type.<ref name=":3" />

==== 40 mm low-velocity ammunition types (NATO) ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width: 33%;" |center|x150px |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |HE, high explosive |- |'''M381''' ''HE, high explosive''<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=M381|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-he_-m381.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Basic high-explosive shell.<ref name=":12" /> |center|100px |- |'''M386''' ''HE, high explosive''<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=M386|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-he_-m386.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Basic high-explosive shell.<ref name=":13" /> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M406''' ''HE, high explosive''<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|title=M406|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-he_-m406.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Basic high-explosive shell.<ref name=":16" /> |center|x100px |- |'''M441''' ''HE, high explosive''<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|title=M441|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-he_-m441.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Basic high-explosive shell.<ref name=":18" /> | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |AB, air burst |- |'''M397''', '''M397A1''' ''AB, air burst''<ref name=":142">{{Cite web|title=M397|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-he_-m397.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref><ref name=":152">{{Cite web|title=M397A1|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-he_-m397a1.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Octol filled fragmentation grenade with a time fuze.<ref name=":142" /> The A1 has a different fuze from the regular M397.<ref name=":152" /> | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |DP, dual purpose |- |'''M433''' ''HEDP, high-explosive dual-purpose''<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|title=M433|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-hedp_-m433.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Shaped charge with ability to damage soft targets and penetrate armor.<ref name=":17" /> Armor penetration: 2.5 inches (63 millimeters).<ref>{{Cite web|title=40MM M433 HEDP|url=https://www.nationaldefensecorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/M433HedpLv.pdf|website=nationaldefensecorp.com}}</ref> | style="width: 100px;" |center|x100px |- |'''M433A1''' ''HEDP''

M433A1 uses the improved M550A1 fuze. The projectile consists of a copper-shaped charge in an explosive-filled steel cup covered with tungsten spherical fragments over-molded with a plastic aerodynamic body.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oesterheld |first=Daniel |date=13 April 2023 |title=Smarter Resupply |url=https://asc.army.mil/web/news-smarter-resupply/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413000000/https://asc.army.mil/web/news-smarter-resupply/ |archive-date=13 April 2023 |website=Army ALT Magazine |access-date=7 May 2025 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Joint Program Executive Office Armaments & Ammunition |date=29 April 2025 |title=2025 Product Portfolio Book |url=https://jpeoaa.army.mil/Portals/94/Documents/JPEOAAPortfolioBook_2025.pdf?ver=A_B_NzEETpCjNyGj93y_2g%3D%3D |url-status=live |access-date=13 January 2026}}</ref> |center|frameless|246x246px |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |MP, multiple projectile |- |'''M576''' ''MP-APERS, multiple projectile anti-personnel'' Buckshot cartridge with twenty 24-grain bullets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=M576|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-multiple-proje.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker}}</ref> {{Main|M576 40 mm grenade}} | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |IL, illumination |- |'''M583A1''' ''Illumination/signal flare, parachute star''<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|title=M583A1|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-parachute_-whi.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> (white flare) Flare grenade with parachute for illumination and signaling.<ref name=":19" /> |center|x100px |- |'''M585''' ''Illumination/signal flare, cluster star''<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|title=M585|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-cluster-star_-.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> (white flare) Grenade containing five nose-ejected, free-falling pyrotechnic star pellets used for signaling.<ref name=":20" /> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M661''' ''Illumination/signal flare, parachute star''<ref name=":19" /> (green flare) Flare grenade with parachute for illumination and signaling.<ref name=":19" /> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M662''' ''Illumination/signal flare, parachute star''<ref name=":19" /> (red flare) Flare grenade with parachute for illumination and signaling.<ref name=":19" /> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M992''' ''Infra-red illumination flare'' Flare grenade with parachute for infrared illumination.{{Main|M992 (40mm munition)}} | style="width: 100px;" |center|x100px |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |S, smoke |- |'''M676''' ''Smoke canopy (yellow smoke)''<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|title=M676|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-smoke_-m676.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Smoke grenade with parachute for signaling and marking.<ref name=":22" /> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M680''' ''Smoke canopy (white smoke)''<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|title=M680|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-smoke_-m680.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Smoke grenade with parachute for signaling and marking.<ref name=":23" /> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M682''' ''Smoke canopy (red smoke)''<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|title=M682|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-smoke_-m682.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Smoke grenade with parachute for signaling and marking.<ref name=":24" /> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M713''' ''Ground marker (red smoke)'' Smoke grenade for signaling and marking.<ref>{{Cite web|title=M713|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-smoke_-m713.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M714''' ''Ground marker (white smoke)'' Smoke grenade for signaling and marking. | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M715''' ''Ground marker (green smoke)''<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|title=M715|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-smoke_-m715.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Smoke grenade for signaling and marking.<ref name=":25" /> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M716''' ''Ground marker (yellow smoke)''<ref name=":26">{{Cite web|title=M716|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-smoke_-m716.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Smoke grenade for signaling and marking.<ref name=":26" /> | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |G, gas |- |'''M651''' ''CS gas''<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|title=M651|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-cs_-xm651_-xm6.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Tear gas grenade.<ref name=":21" /> | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |TB, thermobaric |- |'''XM1060''' Thermobaric<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|date=2017-06-12|title=XM1060|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/m1060.htm|access-date=2020-12-20|website=globalsecurity.org}}</ref> The XM1060 is a 40 mm thermobaric grenade developed by Picatinny Arsenal.<ref name=":28" /> | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |P, practice |- |'''M781''' ''P, practice''<ref name=":27">{{Cite web|title=M781|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-practice_-m781.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Training ammunition consisting of a steel body filled with orange signal chalk capped with a plastic ogive cap.<ref name=":27" /> | style="width: 100px;" |center|100px |}

Besides combat ammo, there is also crowd-control ammunition such as sponge grenades.

==== 40 mm low-velocity ammunition types (Sweden) ==== Sweden currently operates the M203 grenade launcher (designated {{lang|sv|Granattillsats 40 mm Automatkarbin}} in Sweden) and thus uses the 40 mm low-velocity cartridge.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-09|title=Granatspruta 92 (Grsp92)|url=https://www.soldf.com/vapen/granatspruta-40-mm-grsp/|website=soldf.com}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=AMKAT: Ammunitionskatalog, data och bild |at=Part 1 |trans-title=AMCAT: ammunition catalogue, data and picture |publisher=FMV: Försvarets materielverk |year=2001 |location=Sweden}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=AMKAT: Ammunitionskatalog, data och bild, 2014 |trans-title=AMCAT: ammunition catalogue, data and picture |publisher=FMV: Försvarets materielverk |year=2014 |location=Sweden}}</ref> Going against Swedish military tradition, the 40 mm low-velocity cartridge currently lacks a specified indigenous designation in Swedish service.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Instead only the projectile types have designations.

Currently, these projectile types can be found in Swedish service manuals.<ref name=":3" />

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |{{Flagicon|SWE}} HE, high explosive |- |'''40 GSGR''' ''HE, high explosive'' Name: ''40 GSGR'', abbreviation for {{lang|sv|40 mm gevärsspränggranat}}, Swedish for 40 mm rifle high-explosive grenade. The fuze is designated ''ÖHKBAR 40 GSGR'', an abbreviation for {{lang|sv|ögonblickligt högkänsligt basanslagsrör}} + shell designation, Swedish for 'instant high sensitivity base impact fuze'.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Description'': The type is a high-explosive grenade meant against soft targets. ''Construction'': The shell consists of a fragmentation body outfitted with internal steel balls for extra fragmentation damage. A highly sensitive, zero-delay fuze is located at the bottom of the shell.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Marking'': The shell has a yellow head and green body. The side of the shell features the marking "ST" in yellow, which stands for {{lang|sv|stålkulor}} ('steel balls').<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="2" |40 GSGR data |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.264|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Shell weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.19|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Primary charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|3|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} PETN |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Main charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|23|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} RDX |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Propellant | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.35|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} NCGL |- ! style="width: 100px;" |High pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |70 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Low pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |15 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Muzzle velocity | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|84|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |NEM{{Efn|1=NEM = Net Explosive Mass|name=|group=}} | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|26|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Sources | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |} | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |{{Flagicon|SWE}} DP, dual purpose |- |'''40 GPSGR''' ''HEDP, high-explosive dual-purpose'' Name: ''40 GPSGR'', abbreviation for {{lang|sv|40 mm gevärspansarspränggranat}}, Swedish for "40 mm rifle high explosive anti-tank grenade".<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> '''Description''': The type is a high-explosive dual-purpose grenade meant for use against both soft and lightly protected targets. It is probably equivalent to the American 40 mm M433.<ref name=":17" /> ''Construction'': The shell consists of a fragmentation body, a high-explosive charge and a shaped charge.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> '''Marking''': The shell has a green head and green body. The side of the shell features the marking "RSV" in yellow, which stands for {{lang|sv|riktad sprängverkan}} ("shaped charge", lit. "directed explosive effect").<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="2" |40 GPSGR data |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.26|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Shell weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.19|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Primary charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.33|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} CH-6 |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Main charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|43.5|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} Comp A5{{Efn|1=Comp A5 = Composition A5. Comp A5 is Hexogen + graphite according to Swedish manuals.|name=|group=}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Propellant | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.34|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} NCGL |- ! style="width: 100px;" |High pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |70 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Low pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |15 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Muzzle velocity | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|78|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |NEM{{Efn|1=NEM = Net Explosive Mass|name=|group=}} | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|44.3|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Sources | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |} | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |{{Flagicon|SWE}} P, Practice |- |'''40 GÖVNGR 07''' ''P, practice'' Name: ''40 GÖVNGR 07'', abbreviation for {{lang|sv|40 mm gevärsövningsgranat 07}}, Swedish for 40 mm rifle practice grenade 07.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Description'': The type is a practice shell for combat training and practice shooting. ''Construction'': The shell has a steel body with a plastic cap and is filled with red signal chalk.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Marking'': The shell is colored in NATO blue training color.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="2" |40 GÖVNGR 07 data |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.26|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Shell weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.19|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Primary charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" | - |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Main charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Red signal chalk |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Propellant | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.47|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} NCGL |- ! style="width: 100px;" |High pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |70 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Low pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |15 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Muzzle velocity | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|78|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- !NEM{{Efn|1=NEM = Net Explosive Mass|name=|group=}} | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|5|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Sources | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |} | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |}

Mockups and inert types also exist for loading exercises and educational purposes.

==== 40 mm low-velocity ammunition types (Romania) ==== Romanian arms producer ROMARM has produced a version of their 40 mm rifle-mounted grenade launcher, AG-40, chambered in 40×46 mm NATO (then designated AG-40PN). Production of Romanian 40 mm low-velocity ammunition is handled by the arms factory {{lang|sv|Uzina Mecanica Plopeni}},<ref name="AGA" /> a subsidiary of ROMARM. The projectiles seem to be of Romanian origin based on available information.<ref name="AGA" />

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |{{Flagicon|RO}} HE, high explosive |- |'''Grenade 40 NATO Exploziva''' ''HE, high explosive'' ''Description'': Romanian 40×46 mm low-velocity high-explosive cartridge.<ref name="AGA" /> ''Construction'': The shell is made of steel and has a point fuze. The main explosive charge is located at the bottom of the shell. Below the main explosive charge is a layer of metal balls for extra fragmentation damage.<ref name="AGA" /> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="2" |Grenade 40 NATO Exploziva data |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge length | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|112|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|370|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Shell weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|245|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Muzzle velocity | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|75|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Lethal radius | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Self-destruct | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |16-23 s |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Sources | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |<ref name="AGA" /> |} | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |{{Flagicon|RO}} P, practice |- |'''Grenade 40 NATO Inerta''' ''P, practice'' ''Name'': The cartridge is named ''Inerta'' (inert), but the cartridge is live. ''Inert'' refers to the projectile, which is a solid material projectile.<ref name="AGA" /> ''Description'': Romanian 40×46 mm low-velocity practice cartridge.<ref name="AGA" /> ''Construction'': The shell is solid in construction and made of duralumin.<ref name="AGA" /> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="2" |Grenade 40 NATO Exploziva data |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge length | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|112|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|370|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Shell weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|245|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Muzzle velocity | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|75|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Lethal radius | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" | - |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Self-destruct | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" | - |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Sources | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |<ref name="AGA" /> |} | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |}

==== SAGM fuze ==== The United States Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) began development of a 40 mm smart airburst fuze (proximity fuze) in 2011 to improve the ability of grenade launchers like the M203 and M320 to engage targets in defilade. Called ''small arms grenade munitions'' (SAGMs), they double the lethality of the standard M433 grenade round by adding a small "smart" fuze sensor that detonates in the air to hit targets in cover or behind obstacles. The airburst function is similar to the XM25 CDTE, which has an onboard laser system to determine the distance to the target, but SAGMs are considered complementary to the XM25 rather than competing against it, as the XM25 provides low-angle fire while 40 mm launchers fire a lobbing trajectory. Integrated sensors and logic devices scan and filter the environment, then autonomously airburst the fuze without being told by the firer, thereby not requiring the soldier to carry extra weapon accessories. SAGMs enable soldiers to accurately incapacitate personnel targets in defilade at ranges between 50 and 500 meters. The round is engineered with three firing modes: airburst, point detonation, and self-destruct. A successful demonstration occurred in November 2013.<ref>[https://www.army.mil/article/133029/Enhanced_grenade_lethality__On_target_even_when_enemy_is_concealed/ "Enhanced grenade lethality: On target even when enemy is concealed"]. US Army, 4 September 2014</ref> Although the SAGM sensor does not need a laser rangefinder or any pre-fire programming sequence, it does require some skill by the user to aim and fire the round correctly so that it can detect the wall or obstruction to detonate in the air. The SAGM was to undergo evaluation in July 2015 and, if successful, transition into an official Army Program of Record by the end of the year.<ref>[https://www.army.mil/article/139621/ARDEC_s_airburst_round_to_begin_evaluation_this_summer/ "ARDEC's airburst round to begin evaluation this summer"]. US Army, 8 December 2014</ref> Not only does the fuze burst over walls, but it can detonate when passing cover like trees, bursting just as it senses and passes the trunk. The sort of sensor SAGMs use to differentiate clutter from triggering obstacles is highly classified, but shows airburst reliability of 76 percent.<ref>[https://www.army.mil/article/148002/New_light_machine_gun__M249_put_on_weight_control/ "New light machine gun: M249 put on weight control"]. US Army, 6 May 2015</ref>

=== 40×51 mm MV (40 mm medium velocity) === ''40×51 mm MV'' (medium velocity),<ref name=":29" /> also known as ''40×51 mm extended range low pressure'' (ERLP),<ref name=":30">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-11-14|title=40-mm granaty Rheinmetall dla RPA|url=https://www.milmag.pl/news/view?news_id=4805|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114064207/https://www.milmag.pl/news/view?news_id=4805 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=2021-02-03|website=www.milmag.pl}}</ref> is a NATO-standard<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-09-10|title=Rheinmetall – the leading one-stop-shop for 40mm systems|url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/%E2%96%BA-rheinmetall-the-leading-one-stop-shop-for-40mm-systems|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208222357/https://www.edrmagazine.eu/%E2%96%BA-rheinmetall-the-leading-one-stop-shop-for-40mm-systems |archive-date=8 February 2021 |access-date=2021-02-03|website=edrmagazine.eu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-07-05|title=Milkor M32 and M32A1 40mm Grenade Launchers|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRb2iFkwDC4&t=829s|access-date=2021-02-03|website=youtube.com}}</ref> high–low grenade launcher cartridge meant for hand-held grenade launchers. Its purpose is to serve as an intermediate cartridge between the 40×46 mm low-velocity and 40×53 mm high-velocity cartridges and is thus referred to as the 40 mm medium-velocity cartridge.<ref name=":29" />

The propellant has medium pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of {{convert|100|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} depending on the ammunition type.<ref name=":29" /> It has a maximum range of 800 meters, exceeding conventional extended range low-velocity variants by up to 375 meters.<ref name=":29" />

The 40×51 mm MV cartridge was designed by Rheinmetall Denel Munitions for the US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) after a 2008 requirement for enhanced range and lethality from hand-held 40 mm grenades.<ref name=":33">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=14001 - Enhancing range and lethality – 40mm Medium Velocity Ammunition and Weapons|url=http://proceedings.ndia.org/2610/14001.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120151343/http://proceedings.ndia.org/2610/14001.pdf |archive-date=20 November 2016 |access-date=2021-02-03|website=proceedings.ndia.org}}</ref> Rheinmetall answered by developing a new family of 40 mm grenades named 40 mm medium velocity<ref name=":33" /> and by 2019 the cartridge was undergoing NATO qualification.<ref name=":32" />

Besides NATO the cartridge has been ordered by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) as the cartridge for their next generation multiple grenade launcher, the Milkor Y4.<ref name=":29">{{cite web|date=2020-11-13|title=Rheinmetall supplies South African National Defence Force with new 40mm medium-velocity ammunition|url=https://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/en/rheinmetall_defence/public_relations/news/archiv/archive2016/index~1_25344.php|access-date=2021-02-03|website=rheinmetall-defence.com}}</ref><ref name=":30" /> SANDF approved acquisition in February 2018 but deliveries could not be finished until the end of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=":30" />

=== 40×53 mm HV (40 mm high velocity) {{Anchor|40x53mm}} === thumb|40 mm high-velocity high-explosive dual-purpose M430A1 cartridge thumb|40×53 mm high-velocity ammunition belt ''40×53 mm HV'' (''high velocity'')<ref name=":29" /> is a NATO-standard<ref name=":6" /> high–low grenade launcher cartridge meant for mounted or crew-served automatic grenade launchers, such as the Mk.19 AGL, Mk 47 Striker, HK GMG, STK 40 AGL, and Daewoo K4.

The propellant has high pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of {{convert|241|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} depending on the ammunition type.<ref name=":3" />

==== 40 mm high-velocity ammunition types (NATO) ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width: 33%;" |center|x150px |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |HE, high explosive |- |'''M383''' ''HE, high explosive''<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=M383|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-he_-m383.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> High explosive shell filled with composition A5.<ref name=":11" /> (Comp 5A = hexogen + graphite according to Swedish manuals).<ref name=":3" /> Wound radius: 15 meters. Arms: 18-36 meters<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x27.pdf|title=Field Manual 3-22.27 (FM 23.27) MK 19, 40-mm GRENADE MACHINE GUN, MOD 3|publisher=Department of the Army|date=November 2003|access-date=2015-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055631/http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x27.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M384''' ''HE, high explosive''<ref>{{Cite web|title=M384|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-he_-m384.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> High explosive shell filled with composition A5.<ref name=":11" /> (Comp 5A = hexogen + graphite according to Swedish manuals).<ref name=":3" /> | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |DP, dual purpose |- |'''M430''', '''M430A1''' ''HEDP, high-explosive dual-purpose''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=US Cartridge, 40mm HEDP, M430, M430A1|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-hedp_-m430_-m4.html|access-date=2020-12-09|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> M430: Shaped charge with ability to damage soft targets and penetrate armor. It arms within 18 to 30 meters of the gun muzzle and has a point-initiating, base-detonating (PIBD) fuze. Armor penetration: {{convert|2|in|mm|sigfig=2|abbr=off}}.<ref name=":4" /> of steel armor at 0-degree obliquity Inflict personnel casualties: 15 meters from impact<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x27.pdf|title=Field Manual 3-22.27 (FM 23.27) MK 19, 40-mm GRENADE MACHINE GUN, MOD 3|publisher=Department of the Army|date=November 2003|access-date=2015-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055631/http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x27.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> M430A1: Has a longer shaped charge than the M430 and penetrates more armor. Armor penetration: {{convert|3|in|mm|sigfig=2|abbr=off}}.<ref name=":4" /> | style="width: 100px;" |center|95x95px |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |CA, canister |- |'''M1001''' ''HVCC, high-velocity canister cartridge''<ref name=":9">{{cite web|title=40mm M1001 HVCC High Velocity Canister Cartridge|url=http://www.gd-ots.com/MCA_40mmHVCC.html|access-date=24 December 2017|website=Gd-ots.com}}</ref> Canister shot containing several flechettes. Produces a {{convert|3 to 4|ft|m|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide dispersion pattern at {{convert|50|m|ft|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":9" /> | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |AB, air burst |- |'''XM1176''' ''HEDP-AB, high-explosive dual-purpose air burst''<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|date=Oct 25, 2018|title=40mm High Velocity (HV) High Explosive Dual Purpose Airburst (HEDP-AB) XM1176 Cartridge|url=https://govtribe.com/opportunity/federal-contract-opportunity/40mm-high-velocity-hv-high-explosive-dual-purpose-airburst-hedp-ab-xm1176-cartridge-w15qkn19r0014|access-date=2020-12-20|website=govtribe.com}}</ref> Dual purpose shaped charge with programmable fuze for air burst functionality.<ref name=":10" /> {{Main|XM1176}} |center|x100px |- |'''MK285''' ''PPHE/SD, programmable prefragmented high explosive/self-destructible'' The MK285 is an anti-personnel cartridge designed for the Mk 47 Striker automatic grenade launcher. It consists of an electronic programmable fuze, a pre-fragmented warhead, and a propulsion system. The gun's fire control programs the fuze. The fuze is mechanically armed at approximately 23 meters. The round is programmed to airburst over the target, and the fuze counts down the programmed time via its built-in electronics. If an unprogrammed round is fired, it will detonate on impact. The projectile has a built-in self-destruct and can be fired by any automatic grenade launcher. | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |P, practice |- |'''M385''', '''M385A1''' ''P, practice''<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=M385|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-practice_-m385.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=M385A1|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-practice_-m383.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> M385: Training round featuring a solid metal projectile.<ref name=":7" /> M385A1: Updated M385 featuring an ogive equal to the M430 HEDP round.<ref name=":8" /> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M918''' ''P, practice''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=US Cartridge, 40mm Practice, M918|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-practice_-m918.html|access-date=2020-12-09|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> The M918 is a training practice cartridge that has the same muzzle velocity of 790 feet per second (fps), signature, and sound as the HE round.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x27.pdf|title=Field Manual 3-22.27 (FM 23.27) MK 19, 40-mm GRENADE MACHINE GUN, MOD 3|publisher=Department of the Army|date=November 2003|access-date=2015-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055631/http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x27.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''M922''', '''M922A1''' Dummy round<ref>{{Cite web|title=M922|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-dummy_-m922.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=M922A1|url=https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-40mm-dummy_-m922a1.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=bulletpicker.com}}</ref> Trainers use dummy rounds to check weapon function and to train crews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x27.pdf|title=Field Manual 3-22.27 (FM 23.27) MK 19, 40-mm GRENADE MACHINE GUN, MOD 3|publisher=Department of the Army|date=November 2003|access-date=2015-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055631/http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x27.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |- |'''MK281 Mod 0''', '''MK281 Mod 1''' ''P, practice''<ref name=":34">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=MK281 Mod 0 and Mod 1 40 mm x 53 Practice|url=https://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/en/rheinmetall_defence/company/divisions_and_subsidiaries/american_rheinmetall_munitions/mk281.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313231833/http://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/en/rheinmetall_defence/company/divisions_and_subsidiaries/american_rheinmetall_munitions/mk281.php|archive-date=13 March 2014|access-date=2021-02-03|website=rheinmetall-defence.com}}</ref> MK281 Mod 0: Training round featuring an impact marker.<ref name=":34" /> MK281 Mod 1: Training round featuring a day-night marker.<ref name=":34" /> | style="width: 100px; text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Missing image |}

==== 40 mm high-velocity ammunition types (Sweden) ==== Sweden currently operates the Mk 19 grenade launcher (designated ''40 mm granatspruta 92'' in Sweden) and thus uses the 40 mm high-velocity cartridge.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-09|title=Granatspruta 92 (Grsp92)|url=https://www.soldf.com/vapen/granatspruta-40-mm-grsp/|website=soldf.com}}</ref><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":3"/> Going against Swedish military tradition, the 40 mm high-velocity cartridge currently lacks a specified indigenous designation in Swedish service.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Instead only the projectile types have designations.

Currently, these projectile types can be found in Swedish service manuals.<ref name=":3" />

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |{{Flagicon|SWE}} DP, dual purpose |- |'''40 PSGR''' ''HEDP, high-explosive dual-purpose'' Name: ''40 PSGR'', abbreviation for {{lang|sv|40 mm pansarspränggranat}}, Swedish for 40 mm high explosive anti-tank grenade. The fuze is designated ''ÖHKSAR PSGR'', an abbreviation for {{lang|sv|ögonblickligt högkänsligt spetsanslagsrör}} + shell designation, Swedish for instant high-sensitivity point-impact fuze.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Description'': The type is a high-explosive dual-purpose grenade meant for use against both soft and lightly protected targets.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> It is probably equivalent to the American 40 mm M430.<ref name=":4" /> ''Construction'': The shell consists of a fragmentation body, a high-explosive charge, and a shaped charge. The fuze is a highly sensitive, non-delayed device located at the top of the shell.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> '''Marking''': The shell has a gold head and green body. The side of the shell features the marking "RSV" in yellow, which stands for {{lang|sv|riktad sprängverkan}} ("shaped charge", lit. "directed explosive effect").<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="2" |40 PSGR data |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.34|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Shell weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.25|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Primary charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.3|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} Comp A3{{efn|1=Comp A3 = Composition A3. Comp A3 is Hexogen + wax according to Swedish manuals.}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Main charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|33|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} Comp A5{{Efn|1=Comp A5 = Composition A5. Comp A5 is Hexogen + graphite according to Swedish manuals.|name=|group=}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Propellant | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|4.45|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} NCGL M2 |- ! style="width: 100px;" |High pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |286 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Low pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |94 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Muzzle velocity | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|241|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- !Shaped charge penetration |{{convert|50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} of steel at 0 degrees obliquity at any range.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":14">{{cite web|title=40 mm Mark 19 Grenade MG|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_40mm_Mortar_mk19.php|access-date=2020-11-29|publisher=navweaps.com}}</ref> |- ! style="width: 100px;" |NEM{{Efn|1=NEM = Net Explosive Mass|name=|group=}} | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|38|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Sources | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |} |center|100px |}

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 33%;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |{{Flagicon|SWE}} P, practice |- |'''40 ÖVNGR''' ''P, practice'' Name: ''40 ÖVNGR'', abbreviation for {{lang|sv|40 mm övningsgranat}}, Swedish for "40 mm practice grenade".<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> '''Description''': The type is a practice shell for combat training and practice shooting.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> It is probably equivalent to the American 40 mm M918.<ref name=":5" /> ''Construction'': The shell has a flash charge instead of a combat charge.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Marking'': The shell is colored in NATO blue training color at the top.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="2" |40 ÖVNGR data |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.37|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Shell weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.25|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Primary charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" | — |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Main charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|1.8|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} flash charge |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Propellant | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|3.5|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} NC A/S 0200 |- ! style="width: 100px;" |High pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |286 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Low pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |94 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Muzzle velocity | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|241|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |NEM{{Efn|1=NEM = Net Explosive Mass|name=|group=}} | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|5.6|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Sources | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |} | style="width: 100px;" |center|100px |- |'''40 ÖVNGR 07''' ''P, practice'' Name: ''40 ÖVNGR 07'', abbreviation for {{lang|sv|40 mm övningsgranat 07}}, Swedish for "40 mm practice grenade 07".<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Description'': The type is a practice shell for combat training and practice shooting.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Construction'': The shell has a steel body with a plastic cap and is filled with orange signal chalk.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Marking'': The shell is colored in NATO blue training color. The side of the shell features a white marking of the cartridge designation.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="2" |40 ÖVNGR 07 data |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Cartridge weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.37|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Shell weight | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|0.25|kg|lb|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Primary charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" | - |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Main charge | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |Orange signal chalk |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Propellant | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|4|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} NCGL |- ! style="width: 100px;" |High pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |286 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Low pressure | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |94 MPa |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Muzzle velocity | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|241|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- !NEM{{Efn|1=NEM = Net Explosive Mass|name=|group=}} | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |{{convert|4.8|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} |- ! style="width: 100px;" |Sources | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" |<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |} |center|100px |}

Mockups and inert types also exist for loading exercises and educational purposes.

==== Green ammunition ==== {{unreferenced section|date=December 2018}} The MK281 is a new type of 40 mm target practice grenade ammunition that has been accepted for use by the United States Marine Corps and the United States Army. It is "green" because it is non-toxic and non-dud-producing (since it is a training round), meaning that there is no unexploded ordnance left to clean up on the range, and heavy metals in the fuze do not leak into the ground. The MK281 was introduced into parts of the U.S. Armed Forces due to an executive order mandating the purchase of green ammunition. The MK281 is manufactured by an American subsidiary of the Rheinmetall Group.

The United States Army requires a non-dud producing 40 mm training ammunition in both high- and low-velocity variants. The Army awarded four contracts to three United States companies to test designs. The resulting ammunition will not contain explosive energetics and will have day-and-night visible, infrared, and thermal signatures.

== Other == === 40×47 mm (Poland) === thumb|Pallad-D wz. 83 40×47 mm was a cartridge caliber produced in Poland for their Pallad wz. 74 rifle-mounted grenade launchers (used with the AK family of rifles in the Polish Army, like the AKM/AKMS, Tantal, and Beryl) and Pallad-D wz. 83 grenade launcher (standalone variant fitted with standard pistol grip and folding stock from the AKMS assault rifle). The construction is similar to the one used in 40×46 mm grenades, but they are not interchangeable.

=== 40×47 mm (Romania) === [[File:PA md.86 with AG-40 grenade launcher.jpg|thumb|PA md. 86 assault rifle with 40 × 47 mm AG-40 grenade launcher]] 40×47 mm is a cartridge caliber produced in Romania for their AG-40 model 77 and model 80 (today AG-40P) rifle-mounted grenade launchers.<ref name="AGA">{{cite web|title=munitie ag 40 Archives - Romania Military|url=http://www.rumaniamilitary.ro/tag/munitie-ag-40|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221230226/http://www.rumaniamilitary.ro/tag/munitie-ag-40|archive-date=21 December 2014|access-date=21 October 2014|work=Romania Military}}</ref> It features a casing with a high–low system. The propellant has low pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of {{convert|78-120|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} depending on the ammunition type.<ref name="AGA" />

Production was originally handled by the arms factory ''Uzina Mecanica Filiasi''; however, production was later moved to the arms factory ''Uzina Mecanica Tohan Zărnești'',<ref name="AGA" /> today more commonly known as ''S. Tohan S.A.'',<ref name=":31">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=S. TOHAN Sa. Military Products|url=http://www.tohan.ro/MISCELLANEOUS.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518043707/http://www.tohan.ro/MISCELLANEOUS.html|archive-date=18 May 2009|access-date=2021-02-03|website=}}</ref> a subsidiary of ROMARM.

Several types of the Romanian 40×47 mm exist:

* High explosive<ref name="AGA" /> * High-explosive fragmentation<ref name="AGA" /> * Smoke<ref name="AGA" /> * Incendiary<ref name="AGA" /> * Tear gas<ref name="AGA" /> * Practice, featuring a small flash charge and smoke signal.<ref name="AGA" /> * Inert<ref name="AGA" />

Tohan currently (2021) offers a 40×47 mm high explosive type called GETZ (Grenadă Explozivă Tohan Zărnești) and an inert version called GITZ (Grenadă Inertă Tohan Zărnești). Both cartridges are {{convert|105|mm|inch|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} long, with GETZ weighing {{convert|0.260|kg|lbs|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} and GITZ {{convert|0.200|kg|lbs|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}.<ref name="AGA" /><ref name=":31" />

=== 40×74.5 mm (Romania) === thumb|An AGA‑40 grenade launcher 40×74.5 mm is a cartridge caliber produced in Romania for their AGA-40 Model 85 automatic grenade launcher.<ref name="AGA" /> It features a casing with a high–low system. The propellant has high pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of {{convert|216-223|m/s|ft/s|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} depending on the ammunition type.<ref name="AGA" />

The arms factory ''Uzina Mecanica Plopeni'', a subsidiary of ROMARM, handles production.<ref name="AGA" />

Three ammunition types are known:

* A high-explosive grenade producing 150 fragments weighing {{Convert|0.2|g|oz|abbr=on}} each, creating a deadly radius of {{Convert|10|meters|feet|abbr=off}} upon impact.<ref name="AGA" /> * A high-explosive dual-purpose grenade capable of penetrating {{Convert|50|mm|inch|abbr=on}} of steel armor.<ref name="AGA" /> * An inert cartridge for loading exercise.<ref name="AGA" />

=== 40×56mm (Japan) === The standard adopted by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force in its Type 96 grenade launcher. It is manufactured by Daikin Industries, and the '40 mm anti-personnel light armour-piercing round' (ammunition length 112 mm, weight 371 g) is a multi-purpose grenade with a moulded explosive charge. There is also a '40 mm training round' available.<ref>��衛隊装備年鑑 2006-2007 朝雲新聞社 P43 {{ISBN|4-7509-1026-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.howa.co.jp/products/firer/defense/product05.html|title=96式40ｍｍ自動てき弾銃|access-date=May 27, 2024}}</ref>

== Caseless ammunition == {{missing information|section|Rus high-velocity 7P39 for the AGS-40 Balkan|date=February 2023}} === 40 mm VOG-25 (Russia) === thumb|VOG-25 ''40 mm VOG-25'' (Russian Cyrillic: ''ВОГ-25'') (GRAU-Index: 7P17 (Russian Cyrillic: ''7П17'')) is a unique type of 40 mm grenade designed in the Soviet Union for hand-held grenade launchers, such as the Soviet GP-25 Kostyor and GP-30 Obuvka.<ref name=":35">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2002–2006 |title=Выстрел гранатомётный ВОГ-25|url=http://worldweapon.ru/strelok/vog25.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701163228/http://worldweapon.ru/strelok/vog25.php|archive-date=2007-07-01 |access-date=2021-02-04|website=worldweapon.ru}}</ref> Instead of a casing, the VOG-25 is caseless ammunition, featuring its propellant in an expansion chamber at the base of the projectile, functioning more like a mortar round than conventional cased ammunition.<ref name=":35" />

Today it is used primarily by the Russian Armed Forces in weapons such as the GP-34, BG-15 Mukha and RG-6. Several types exist, but the most common version is the default VOG-25 high-explosive version.<ref name=":35" />

The VOG-25 is {{Convert|103|mm|in|abbr=on}} long, weighs {{Convert|250|g|oz|abbr=on}}, and features a {{Convert|48|g|oz|abbr=on}} explosive charge. It has a muzzle velocity of {{Convert|76|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} and will self-destruct after 14 seconds.<ref name=":35" />

=== 40 mm Metal Storm (Australia) === Australia based R&D company Metal Storm Limited designed several automatic caseless 40 mm grenade launcher systems<ref name=":36">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2009-12-22|title=Deadliest weapon ever invented- Metal Storm|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjGbOyd2ek|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005032022/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjGbOyd2ek&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=2021-02-03|website=youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2006-11-24|title=Metal Storm Mortar|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zx_9_RgMPCE|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220012018/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zx_9_RgMPCE |archive-date=20 February 2014 |access-date=2021-02-03|website=youtube.com}}</ref> based on their own caseless ammunition weapon design prior to entering administration in 2012.<ref name=":37">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2017-09-10|title=Deadliest Gun Ever Invented - Million Rounds Per Minute - Metal Storm|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1usfzS0M1g|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212051129/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1usfzS0M1g |archive-date=12 December 2020 |access-date=2021-02-03|website=youtube}}</ref> Unlike common caseless ammunition and their weapon systems the Metal Storm design lacked a feeding magazine and instead used a superimposed load, stacking the projectiles in front of each other in the barrel with the propellant in between the projectiles.<ref name=":37" /> The system lacked moving parts and the propellant was electronically fired. The systems used the same warheads as existing 40mm grenades.<ref name=":36" />

=== 40 mm 7P39 (Russia) === The 40mm 7P39 is a type of caseless grenade used in the Russian AGS-40 "Balkan" automatic grenade launcher. Unlike conventional grenades that use separate casings, propellants, and projectiles, the 7P39 integrates all components into a single unit, eliminating the need for ejected shell casings. This design is tailored for the AGS-40, which fires at up to 400 rounds per minute and has an effective range of approximately 2,500 meters. The 7P39 grenade features a high-explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) warhead and is approximately 132 mm in length, weighing around 0.432 kg. It is designed to deliver powerful explosive effects against personnel, vehicles, and fortifications. The 7P39 is not compatible with the VOG-25.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.php?smallarms_id=1282|title=Tecmash AGS-40 (Balkan)|access-date=Apr 15, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/idex-2019-tecmash-unveils-ags-40-grenade-launcher|title=IDEX 2019: Tecmash unveils AGS-40 grenade launcher|date=20 February 2019 |access-date=Apr 15, 2025}}</ref>

== Notes == {{notelist}}

== References == {{reflist}}

== External links == {{Commons category}}

* [https://milkor.com/ Milkor Worldwide] * [http://www.inetres.com/gp/military/infantry/grenade/40mm_ammo.html 40mm Low-Velocity Grenades] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807125828/http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php/?name=News&file=article&sid=440 Defense Review overview of Mk 47 Mod 0 'Striker' 40mm Grenade Machine Gun] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807125848/http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php/?name=News&file=article&sid=687 Defense Review overview of Corner Shot 40 personal grenade launcher] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807125946/http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php/?name=News&file=article&sid=609 Defense Review overview of Penn Arms PGL65-40 'Fourkiller Tactical Model' 40 mm Multiple Grenade Launcher] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050203205640/http://pennarms.com/pgl65-40_data_page.htm Penn Arms data page for PGL65-40 6-Shot Grenade Launcher] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807130108/http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php/?name=News&file=article&sid=717 Defense Review overview of Metal Storm 40mm Weapon System] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100727222046/http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/futureweapons-mei-mercury-40mm-grenade.html Future Weapons: MEI Mercury 40MM Grenade] {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

Category:Grenades Category:Ammunition Category:Projectiles Category:Military cartridges Category:Paramilitary cartridges Category:Large-caliber cartridges

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