40th United States Congress

{{short description|1867-1869 U.S. Congress}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}} {{Use American English|date=February 2026}} {{Infobox United States Congress |number = 40th |image = USCapitol1877.jpg |imagename = United States Capitol |imagedate = 1877 |start = March 4, 1867 |end = March 4, 1869 |vp = Vacant{{efn|President pro tempore Benjamin Wade acted his duties as the president of the Senate.}} |pro tem = Benjamin Wade (R) |speaker = Schuyler Colfax (R)<br>Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) |senators = 68 |reps = 226 |delegates = 8 |s-majority = Republican |h-majority = Republican |sessionnumber1 = Special{{efn|Special session of the Senate.}} |sessionstart1 = April 1, 1867 |sessionend1 = April 20, 1867 |sessionnumber2 = 1st |sessionstart2 = March 4, 1867 |sessionend2 = December 1, 1867 |sessionnumber3 = 2nd |sessionstart3 = December 2, 1867 |sessionend3 = November 10, 1868 |sessionnumber4 = 3rd |sessionstart4 = December 7, 1868 |sessionend4 = March 4, 1869 |previous = 39th |next = 41st }}

The '''40th United States Congress''' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1867, to March 4, 1869, during the third and fourth years of Andrew Johnson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1860 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority. In the Senate, the Republicans had the largest majority a party has ever held.

This Congress was held during the Reconstruction era after the Civil War and U.S. President Abraham Lincoln's assassination. Arkansas, Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, Louisiana, and South Carolina were readmitted to representation in both the Senate and the House. Georgia was readmitted with representation in the House only. The Republican majority passed an amendment that became the 15th Amendment for voting rights.

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== Major events ==

{{Main|1867 in the United States|1868 in the United States|1869 in the United States}} * March 30, 1867: Alaska Purchase * February 24, 1868: Impeachment of Andrew Johnson * May 16, 1868: President Johnson acquitted * May 26, 1868: President Johnson acquitted again * November 3, 1868: 1868 presidential election: Ulysses S. Grant (R) defeated Horatio Seymour (D) * December 25, 1868: President Johnson granted unconditional pardons to all Civil War rebels * January 20, 1869: Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first woman to testify before Congress

== Major legislation ==

{{Main|List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901#40th United States Congress}} * Three Military Reconstruction Acts, continued: ** March 23, 1867, ch. 6, {{USStat|15|2}} ** July 19, 1867, ch. 30, {{USStat|15|14}} ** March 11, 1868, ch. 25, {{USStat|15|41}} *July 27, 1868: Expatriation Act of 1868, ch. 249, {{USStat|15|223}}

== Constitutional amendments == * July 10, 1868: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution declared ratified * February 26, 1869: Approved an amendment to the Constitution prohibiting the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification<ref name=15thA>{{cite web|last=Huckabee|first=David C.|title=Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution|url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/97-922.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040627015810/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/97-922.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 27, 2004|work=Congressional Research Service reports|publisher=Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress|location=Washington D.C.|date=September 30, 1997}}</ref> ** Amendment was later ratified on February 3, 1870, becoming the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution<ref name=15thA/>

== Treaty ==

* April 29, 1868: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), {{USStat|15|635}}, signed * February 16, 1869: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) ratified

== Territories organized ==

*July 25, 1868: Wyoming Territory organized,<ref>[http://wyoming.gov/chronology.aspx State of Wyoming web site, "CHRONOLOGY-Some Events in Wyoming History"]</ref> Sess. 2, ch. 135, {{USStat|15|178}}

== Party summary == The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, Arkansas, Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, Louisiana, and South Carolina were readmitted to representation in both the Senate and the House. Georgia was readmitted with representation in the House only.

===Senate=== {{US Congress party summary | congress = 40

| party1 = Democratic | abb1 = D | seats1_last = 8 | seats1_begin = 8 | seats1_end = 9 | seats1_next = 9

| party2 = Republican | abb2 = R | seats2_last = 41 | seats2_begin = 45 | seats2_end = 57 | seats2_next = 57

| party3 = Other | abb3 = | seats3_last = 5 | note3_last = Unionist & Unconditional Unionist | seats3_begin = 0 | seats3_end = 0 | seats3_next = 0

| seats_vacant_last = 20 | seats_vacant_begin = 21 | seats_vacant_end = 8 | seats_vacant_next = 8 }}

===House of Representatives=== {{US Congress party summary | congress = 40

| party1 = Democratic | abb1 = D | seats1_last = 41 | seats1_begin = 45 | seats1_end = 46 | seats1_next = 65

| party2 = Republican | abb2 = R | seats2_last = 134 | seats2_begin = 143 | seats2_end = 172 | seats2_next = 150

| party3 = Independent Republican | abb3 = IR | seats3_last = 1 | seats3_begin = 1 | seats3_end = 2 | seats3_next = 0

| party4 = Conservative Republican | abb4 = CR | seats4_last = 0 | seats4_begin = 1 | seats4_end = 1 | seats4_next = 0

| party5 = Conservative | abb5 = C | seats5_last = 0 | seats5_begin = 1 | seats5_end = 2 | seats5_next = 0

| party6 = Other | note6_last = Unionist & Unconditional Unionist | seats6_last = 17 | seats6_begin = 0 | seats6_end = 0 | seats6_next = 0

| seats_vacant_last = 49 | seats_vacant_begin = 52 | seats_vacant_end = 20 | seats_vacant_next = 28 }}

== Leadership == === Senate === * President: Vacant * President pro tempore: Benjamin Wade (R) * Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James Rood Doolittle

=== House of Representatives === * Speaker: Schuyler Colfax (R), until March 3, 1869 ** Theodore M. Pomeroy (R), elected March 3, 1869. Served for 1 day.

== Members ==

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

:''Skip to House of Representatives, below''

=== Senate === {{main|List of United States senators in the 40th Congress}} Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1868 or 1869; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1870 or 1871; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1872 or 1873. {{col-begin}} {{col-break}}

==== Alabama ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Willard Warner (R), from July 13, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. George E. Spencer (R), from July 13, 1868

==== Arkansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Alexander McDonald (R), from June 22, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Benjamin F. Rice (R), from June 23, 1868

==== California ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. John Conness (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Cornelius Cole (R)

==== Connecticut ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. James Dixon (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Orris S. Ferry (R)

==== Delaware ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. George Read Riddle (D), until March 29, 1867 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} James A. Bayard Jr. (D), from April 11, 1867 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)

==== Florida ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Adonijah Welch (R), from June 17, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Thomas W. Osborn (R), from June 25, 1868

==== Georgia ==== : 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

==== Illinois ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Richard Yates (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

==== Indiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)

==== Iowa ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. James W. Grimes (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. James Harlan (R)

==== Kansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Edmund G. Ross (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)

==== Kentucky ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. James Guthrie (D), until February 7, 1868 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} Thomas C. McCreery (D), from February 19, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Garrett Davis (D)

==== Louisiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. John S. Harris (R), from July 8, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. William Pitt Kellogg (R), from July 9, 1868

==== Maine ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Lot M. Morrill (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. William P. Fessenden (R)

==== Maryland ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Reverdy Johnson (D), until July 10, 1868 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} William Pinkney Whyte (D), from July 13, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. George Vickers (D), from March 7, 1868

==== Massachusetts ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Charles Sumner (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Henry Wilson (R)

==== Michigan ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Zachariah Chandler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Jacob M. Howard (R)

==== Minnesota ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Alexander Ramsey (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Daniel S. Norton (R) {{col-break}}

==== Mississippi ==== : 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

==== Missouri ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. John B. Henderson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Charles D. Drake (R)

==== Nebraska ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Thomas Tipton (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. John M. Thayer (R)

==== Nevada ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. William M. Stewart (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. James W. Nye (R)

==== New Hampshire ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Aaron H. Cragin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. James W. Patterson (R)

==== New Jersey ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Alexander G. Cattell (R)

==== New York ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Edwin D. Morgan (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

==== North Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Joseph C. Abbott (R), from July 14, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. John Pool (R), from July 14, 1868

==== Ohio ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Benjamin Wade (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. John Sherman (R)

==== Oregon ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. George H. Williams (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Henry W. Corbett (R)

==== Pennsylvania ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Charles R. Buckalew (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Simon Cameron (R)

==== Rhode Island ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. William Sprague IV (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

==== South Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Thomas J. Robertson (R), from July 15, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Frederick A. Sawyer (R), from July 16, 1868

==== Tennessee ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. David T. Patterson (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Joseph S. Fowler (R)

==== Texas ==== : 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

==== Vermont ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. George F. Edmunds (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

==== Virginia ==== : 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

==== West Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Peter G. Van Winkle (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Waitman T. Willey (R)

==== Wisconsin ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. James R. Doolittle (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Timothy O. Howe (R) {{col-break}} thumb|375px|Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 40th Congress in March 1867. The senators from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina were not seated until later in the Congress. {{legend|#0044aa|2 Democrats}} {{legend|#660080|1 Democrat and 1 Republican}} {{legend|#aa0000|2 Republicans}} {{legend|#777|Territories}} {{col-break}} [[File:Benjamin F Wade - Brady-Handy.jpg|thumb|175px|President pro tempore<br>Benjamin F. Wade]] {{col-end}}

=== House of Representatives === {{main|List of United States representatives in the 40th Congress}} The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers. {{col-begin}} {{col-break}}

==== Alabama ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Alabama|1|E}}. Francis W. Kellogg (R), from July 22, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Alabama|2|E}}. Charles W. Buckley (R), from July 21, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Alabama|3|E}}. Benjamin W. Norris (R), from July 21, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Alabama|4|E}}. Charles W. Pierce (R), from July 21, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Alabama|5|E}}. John B. Callis (R), from July 21, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Alabama|6|E}}. Thomas Haughey (R), from July 21, 1868

==== Arkansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Arkansas|1|E}}. Logan H. Roots (R), from June 22, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Arkansas|2|E}}. James M. Hinds (R), June 22, 1868 – October 22, 1868 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} James T. Elliott (R), from January 13, 1869 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Arkansas|3|E}}. Thomas Boles (R), from June 22, 1868

==== California ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|California|1|E}}. Samuel B. Axtell (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|California|2|E}}. William Higby (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|California|3|E}}. James A. Johnson (D)

==== Connecticut ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Connecticut|1|E}}. Richard D. Hubbard (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Connecticut|2|E}}. Julius Hotchkiss (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Connecticut|3|E}}. Henry H. Starkweather (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Connecticut|4|E}}. William H. Barnum (D)

==== Delaware ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Delaware|AL|E}}. John A. Nicholson (D)

==== Florida ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Florida|AL|E}}. Charles M. Hamilton (R), from July 1, 1868

==== Georgia ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Georgia|1|E}}. Joseph W. Clift (R), from July 25, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Georgia|2|E}}. Nelson Tift (D), from July 25, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Georgia|3|E}}. William P. Edwards (R), from July 25, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Georgia|4|E}}. Samuel F. Gove (R), from July 25, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Georgia|5|E}}. Charles H. Prince (R), from July 25, 1868 : {{ushr|Georgia|6|6}}. Vacant : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Georgia|7|E}}. Pierce M. B. Young (D), from July 25, 1868

==== Illinois ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|1|E}}. Norman B. Judd (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|2|E}}. John F. Farnsworth (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|3|E}}. Elihu B. Washburne (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|4|E}}. Abner C. Harding (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|5|E}}. Ebon C. Ingersoll (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|6|E}}. Burton C. Cook (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|7|E}}. Henry P. H. Bromwell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|8|E}}. Shelby M. Cullom (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|9|E}}. Lewis Winans Ross (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|10|E}}. Albert G. Burr (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|11|E}}. Samuel S. Marshall (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|12|E}}. Jehu Baker (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|13|E}}. Green B. Raum (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Illinois|AL|E}}. John A. Logan (R)

==== Indiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|1|E}}. William E. Niblack (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|2|E}}. Michael C. Kerr (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|3|E}}. Morton C. Hunter (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|4|E}}. William S. Holman (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|5|E}}. George W. Julian (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|6|E}}. John Coburn (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|7|E}}. Henry D. Washburn (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|8|E}}. Godlove S. Orth (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|9|E}}. Schuyler Colfax (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|10|E}}. William Williams (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Indiana|11|E}}. John P. C. Shanks (R)

==== Iowa ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Iowa|1|E}}. James F. Wilson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Iowa|2|E}}. Hiram Price (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Iowa|3|E}}. William B. Allison (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Iowa|4|E}}. William Loughridge (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Iowa|5|E}}. Grenville M. Dodge (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Iowa|6|E}}. Asahel W. Hubbard (R)

==== Kansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Kansas|AL|E}}. Sidney Clarke (R)

==== Kentucky ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Kentucky|1|E}}. Lawrence S. Trimble (D) : {{ushr|Kentucky|2|2}}. Vacant : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Kentucky|3|E}}. Elijah Hise (D), until May 8, 1867 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} Jacob Golladay (D), from December 5, 1867 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Kentucky|4|E}}. J. Proctor Knott (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Kentucky|5|E}}. Asa Grover (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Kentucky|6|E}}. Thomas L. Jones (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Kentucky|7|E}}. James B. Beck (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Kentucky|8|E}}. George M. Adams (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Kentucky|9|E}}. Samuel McKee (R), from June 22, 1868

==== Louisiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Louisiana|1|E}}. J. Hale Sypher (R), from July 18, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Louisiana|2|E}}. James Mann (D), July 18, 1868 – August 26, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Louisiana|3|E}}. Joseph P. Newsham (R), from July 18, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Louisiana|4|E}}. Michel Vidal (R), from July 18, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Louisiana|5|E}}. W. Jasper Blackburn (R), from July 18, 1868

==== Maine ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maine|1|E}}. John Lynch (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maine|2|E}}. Sidney Perham (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maine|3|E}}. James G. Blaine (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maine|4|E}}. John A. Peters (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maine|5|E}}. Frederick A. Pike (R)

==== Maryland ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maryland|1|E}}. Hiram McCullough (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maryland|2|E}}. Stevenson Archer (D) : {{Party stripe|Conservative Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maryland|3|E}}. Charles E. Phelps (C) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maryland|4|E}}. Francis Thomas (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Maryland|5|E}}. Frederick Stone (D)

==== Massachusetts ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|1|E}}. Thomas D. Eliot (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|2|E}}. Oakes Ames (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|3|E}}. Ginery Twichell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|4|E}}. Samuel Hooper (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|5|E}}. Benjamin F. Butler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|6|E}}. Nathaniel P. Banks (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|7|E}}. George S. Boutwell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|8|E}}. John D. Baldwin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|9|E}}. William B. Washburn (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Massachusetts|10|E}}. Henry L. Dawes (R)

==== Michigan ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Michigan|1|E}}. Fernando C. Beaman (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Michigan|2|E}}. Charles Upson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Michigan|3|E}}. Austin Blair (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Michigan|4|E}}. Thomas W. Ferry (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Michigan|5|E}}. Rowland E. Trowbridge (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Michigan|6|E}}. John F. Driggs (R)

==== Minnesota ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Minnesota|1|E}}. William Windom (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Minnesota|2|E}}. Ignatius L. Donnelly (R)

==== Mississippi ==== : {{ushr|Mississippi|1|1}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Mississippi|2|2}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Mississippi|3|3}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Mississippi|4|4}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Mississippi|5|5}}. Vacant

==== Missouri ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Missouri|1|E}}. William A. Pile (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Missouri|2|E}}. Carman A. Newcomb (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Missouri|3|E}}. Thomas E. Noell (D), until October 3, 1867 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} James R. McCormick (D), from December 17, 1867 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Missouri|4|E}}. Joseph J. Gravely (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Missouri|5|E}}. Joseph W. McClurg (R), until July 1868 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} John H. Stover (R), from December 7, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Missouri|6|E}}. Robert T. Van Horn (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Missouri|7|E}}. Benjamin F. Loan (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Missouri|8|E}}. John F. Benjamin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Missouri|9|E}}. George W. Anderson (R)

==== Nebraska ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Nebraska|AL|E}}. John Taffe (R)

==== Nevada ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Nevada|AL|E}}. Delos R. Ashley (R) {{col-break}}

==== New Hampshire ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Hampshire|1|E}}. Jacob H. Ela (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Hampshire|2|E}}. Aaron F. Stevens (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Hampshire|3|E}}. Jacob Benton (R)

==== New Jersey ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Jersey|1|E}}. William Moore (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Jersey|2|E}}. Charles Haight (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Jersey|3|E}}. Charles Sitgreaves (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Jersey|4|E}}. John Hill (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Jersey|5|E}}. George A. Halsey (R)

==== New York ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|1|E}}. Stephen Taber (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|2|E}}. Demas Barnes (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|3|E}}. William E. Robinson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|4|E}}. John Fox (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|5|E}}. John Morrissey (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|6|E}}. Thomas E. Stewart (CR) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|7|E}}. John W. Chanler (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|8|E}}. James Brooks (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|9|E}}. Fernando Wood (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|10|E}}. William H. Robertson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|11|E}}. Charles H. Van Wyck (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|12|E}}. John H. Ketcham (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|13|E}}. Thomas Cornell (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|14|E}}. John V. L. Pruyn (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|15|E}}. John Augustus Griswold (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|16|E}}. Orange Ferriss (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|17|E}}. Calvin T. Hulburd (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|18|E}}. James M. Marvin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|19|E}}. William C. Fields (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|20|E}}. Addison H. Laflin (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|21|E}}. Roscoe Conkling (R), until March 4, 1867 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} Alexander H. Bailey (R), from November 30, 1867 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|22|E}}. John C. Churchill (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|23|E}}. Dennis McCarthy (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|24|E}}. Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|25|E}}. William H. Kelsey (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|26|E}}. William S. Lincoln (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|27|E}}. Hamilton Ward Sr. (R) : {{Party stripe|Independent Republican (US)}} {{ushr|New York|28|E}}. Lewis Selye (IR) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|29|E}}. Burt Van Horn (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|30|E}}. James M. Humphrey (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|New York|31|E}}. Henry H. Van Aernam (R)

==== North Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|North Carolina|1|E}}. John R. French (R), from July 15, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|North Carolina|2|E}}. David Heaton (R), from July 25, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|North Carolina|3|E}}. Oliver H. Dockery (R), from July 13, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|North Carolina|4|E}}. John T. Deweese (R), from July 6, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|North Carolina|5|E}}. Israel G. Lash (R), from July 20, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Conservative Party (US)}} {{ushr|North Carolina|6|E}}. Nathaniel Boyden (C), from July 13, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|North Carolina|7|E}}. Alexander H. Jones (R), from July 6, 1868

==== Ohio ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|1|E}}. Benjamin Eggleston (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|2|E}}. Rutherford B. Hayes (R), until July 20, 1867 :: {{Party stripe|Independent Republican (US)}} Samuel F. Cary (IR), from November 21, 1867 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|3|E}}. Robert C. Schenck (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|4|E}}. William Lawrence (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|5|E}}. William Mungen (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|6|E}}. Reader W. Clarke (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|7|E}}. Samuel Shellabarger (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|8|E}}. Cornelius S. Hamilton (R), until December 22, 1867 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} John Beatty (R), from February 5, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|9|E}}. Ralph P. Buckland (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|10|E}}. James M. Ashley (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|11|E}}. John T. Wilson (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|12|E}}. Philadelph Van Trump (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|13|E}}. George W. Morgan (D), until June 3, 1868 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} Columbus Delano (R), from June 3, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|14|E}}. Martin Welker (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|15|E}}. Tobias A. Plants (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|16|E}}. John Bingham (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|17|E}}. Ephraim R. Eckley (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|18|E}}. Rufus P. Spalding (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Ohio|19|E}}. James A. Garfield (R)

==== Oregon ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Oregon|AL|E}}. Rufus Mallory (R)

==== Pennsylvania ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|1|E}}. Samuel J. Randall (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|2|E}}. Charles O'Neill (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|3|E}}. Leonard Myers (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|4|E}}. William D. Kelley (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|5|E}}. Caleb N. Taylor (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|6|E}}. Benjamin M. Boyer (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|7|E}}. John M. Broomall (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|8|E}}. J. Lawrence Getz (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|9|E}}. Thaddeus Stevens (R), until August 11, 1868 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} Oliver J. Dickey (R), from December 7, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|10|E}}. Henry L. Cake (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|11|E}}. Daniel M. Van Auken (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|12|E}}. Charles Denison (D), until June 27, 1867 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} George W. Woodward (D), from November 21, 1867 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|13|E}}. Ulysses Mercur (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|14|E}}. George F. Miller (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|15|E}}. Adam J. Glossbrenner (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|16|E}}. William H. Koontz (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|17|E}}. Daniel J. Morrell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|18|E}}. Stephen F. Wilson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|19|E}}. Glenni W. Scofield (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|20|E}}. Darwin A. Finney (R), until August 25, 1868 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} S. Newton Pettis (R), from December 7, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|21|E}}. John Covode (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|22|E}}. James K. Moorhead (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|23|E}}. Thomas Williams (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Pennsylvania|24|E}}. George V. Lawrence (R)

==== Rhode Island ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Rhode Island|1|E}}. Thomas Jenckes (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Rhode Island|2|E}}. Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (R)

==== South Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|South Carolina|1|E}}. B. Frank Whittemore (R), from July 18, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|South Carolina|2|E}}. Christopher C. Bowen (R), from July 18, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|South Carolina|3|E}}. M. Simeon Corley (R), from July 25, 1868 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|South Carolina|4|E}}. James H. Goss (R), from July 18, 1868

==== Tennessee ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Tennessee|1|E}}. Roderick R. Butler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Tennessee|2|E}}. Horace Maynard (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Tennessee|3|E}}. William B. Stokes (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Tennessee|4|E}}. James Mullins (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Tennessee|5|E}}. John Trimble (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Tennessee|6|E}}. Samuel M. Arnell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Tennessee|7|E}}. Isaac R. Hawkins (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Tennessee|8|E}}. David A. Nunn (R)

==== Texas ==== : {{ushr|Texas|1|1}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Texas|2|2}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Texas|3|3}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Texas|4|4}}. Vacant

==== Vermont ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Vermont|1|E}}. Frederick E. Woodbridge (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Vermont|2|E}}. Luke P. Poland (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Vermont|3|E}}. Worthington C. Smith (R)

==== Virginia ==== : {{ushr|Virginia|1|1}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Virginia|2|2}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Virginia|3|3}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Virginia|4|4}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Virginia|5|5}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Virginia|6|6}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Virginia|7|7}}. Vacant : {{ushr|Virginia|8|8}}. Vacant

==== West Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|West Virginia|1|E}}. Chester D. Hubbard (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|West Virginia|2|E}}. Bethuel Kitchen (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|West Virginia|3|E}}. Daniel Polsley (R)

==== Wisconsin ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Wisconsin|1|E}}. Halbert E. Paine (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Wisconsin|2|E}}. Benjamin F. Hopkins (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Wisconsin|3|E}}. Amasa Cobb (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Wisconsin|4|E}}. Charles A. Eldredge (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Wisconsin|5|E}}. Philetus Sawyer (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Wisconsin|6|E}}. Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)

==== Non-voting members ==== : {{Party stripe|Independent (US)}} {{ushr|Arizona Territory|AL|Arizona Territory}}. Coles Bashford (I) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Colorado Territory|AL|Colorado Territory}}. George M. Chilcott (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Dakota Territory|AL|Dakota Territory}}. Walter A. Burleigh (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Idaho Territory|AL|Idaho Territory}}. Edward D. Holbrook (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|Montana Territory|AL|Montana Territory}}. James M. Cavanaugh (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Mexico Territory|AL|New Mexico Territory}}. Charles P. Clever (D), from September 2, 1867 - February 20, 1869 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} J. Francisco Chaves (R), from February 20, 1869 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} {{ushr|New Mexico Territory|AL|Utah Territory}}. William H. Hooper (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} {{ushr|Washington Territory|AL|Washington Territory}}. Alvan Flanders (R) {{col-break}} thumb|400px| {| align=center ! colspan=2 | House seats by party holding plurality in state |- |{{legend|#00f|80+% Democratic}} |{{legend|#f00|80+% Republican}} |- |{{legend|#09f|60+% to 80% Democratic}} |{{legend|#f66|60+% to 80% Republican}} |- |{{legend|#0ff|Up to 60% Democratic}} |{{legend|#f99|Up to 60% Republican}} |} [[File:Schuyler Colfax, photo portrait seated, c1855-1865.jpg|thumb|175px|Speaker of the House<br/>Schuyler Colfax]] [[File:Theodore Medad Pomeroy - Brady-Handy.jpg|thumb|175px|Speaker of the House<br/>Theodore M. Pomeroy]] {{col-end}}

== Changes in membership ==

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

=== Senate === * Replacements: 3 ** Democratic: 0 seat net loss ** Republican: 0 seat net gain * Deaths: 1 * Resignations: 2 * Interim appointments: 1 * Seats from newly re-admitted states: 12 *'''Total seats with changes: 16''' <!-- Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy --> {{see also|List of special elections to the United States Senate}} {{Ordinal US Congress change|Senate}}

|- | Delaware (1) | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | George R. Riddle (D) | Died March 29, 1867.<br/>Successor appointed April 5, 1867.<br/>Appointee was subsequently elected January 19, 1869, to finish the term.<ref name=Byrd90>Byrd & Wolff, page 90</ref> | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | James A. Bayard Jr. (D) | April 5, 1867

|- | Kentucky (2) | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | James Guthrie (D) | Resigned February 7, 1868, because of failing health.<br/>Successor elected February 19, 1868. | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Thomas C. McCreery (D) | February 19, 1868

|- | Maryland (3) | Vacant | Filled vacancy caused by action of the Senate in declining to permit Philip F. Thomas to qualify.<br/>Successor elected March 7, 1868. | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | George Vickers (D) | March 7, 1868

|- | Florida (1) | Vacant | Florida re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Adonijah Welch (R) | June 17, 1868

|- | Arkansas (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Arkansas re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Alexander McDonald (R) | June 22, 1868

|- | Arkansas (3) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Benjamin F. Rice (R) | June 23, 1868

|- | Florida (3) | Vacant | Florida re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Thomas W. Osborn (R) | June 25, 1868

|- | Louisiana (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Louisiana re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | John S. Harris (R) | July 8, 1868

|- | Louisiana (3) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | William P. Kellogg (R) | July 9, 1868

|- | Alabama (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Alabama re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Willard Warner (R) | rowspan=3 | July 13, 1868

|- | Alabama (3) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | George E. Spencer (R)

|- | Maryland (1) | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Reverdy Johnson (D) | Resigned July 10, 1868, to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.<br/>Successor appointed July 13, 1868. | nowrap {{Party shading/Democratic}} | William P. Whyte (D)

|- | North Carolina (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | North Carolina re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Joseph C. Abbott (R) | rowspan=2 | July 14, 1868

|- | North Carolina (3) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | John Pool (R)

|- | South Carolina (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | South Carolina re-admitted to the Union | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Thomas J. Robertson (R) | July 15, 1868

|- | South Carolina (3) | nowrap {{Party shading/Republican}} | Frederick A. Sawyer (R) | July 16, 1868

|}

=== House of Representatives === * Replacements: 10 ** Democratic: 2 seat net loss ** Republican: 0 seat net gain ** Independent Republican: 1 seat net gain ** Conservative: 0 seat net gain * Deaths: 8 * Resignations: 3 * Contested election: 3 * Seats from re-admitted states: 32 *'''Total seats with changes: 44''' <!-- Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy --> {{See also|List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives}} {{Ordinal US Congress change|House}}

|- | {{ushr|New Mexico Territory|AL|New Mexico Territory At-large}} | Vacant | Vacancy in term | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Charles P. Clever (D) | September 2, 1867

|- | {{ushr|Arkansas|1|Arkansas 1st}} | rowspan=3 | Vacant | rowspan=3 | Arkansas re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Logan H. Roots (R) | rowspan=3 | June 22, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Arkansas|2|Arkansas 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | James M. Hinds (R)

|- | {{ushr|Arkansas|3|Arkansas 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Thomas Boles (R)

|- | {{ushr|Kentucky|9|Kentucky 9th}} | Vacant | John D. Young presented credentials but failed to qualify. Election was contested by McKee. | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Samuel McKee (R) | June 22, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Florida|AL|Florida At-large}} | Vacant | Florida re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Charles M. Hamilton (R) | July 1, 1868

|- | {{ushr|North Carolina|4|North Carolina 4th}} | rowspan=5 | Vacant | rowspan=5 | North Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John T. Deweese (R) | rowspan=2 | July 6, 1868

|- | {{ushr|North Carolina|7|North Carolina 7th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Alexander H. Jones (R)

|- | {{ushr|North Carolina|3|North Carolina 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Oliver H. Dockery (R) | rowspan=2 | July 13, 1868

|- | {{ushr|North Carolina|6|North Carolina 6th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Conservative}} | Nathaniel Boyden (C)

|- | {{ushr|North Carolina|1|North Carolina 1st}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John R. French (R) | July 15, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Louisiana|1|Louisiana 1st}} | rowspan=5 | Vacant | rowspan=5 | Louisiana re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | J. Hale Sypher (R) | rowspan=5 | July 18, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Louisiana|2|Louisiana 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | James Mann (D)

|- | {{ushr|Louisiana|3|Louisiana 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Joseph P. Newsham (R)

|- | {{ushr|Louisiana|4|Louisiana 4th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Michel Vidal (R)

|- | {{ushr|Louisiana|5|Louisiana 5th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | W. Jasper Blackburn (R)

|- | {{ushr|South Carolina|1|South Carolina 1st}} | rowspan=3 | Vacant | rowspan=3 | South Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Benjamin F. Whittemore (R) | rowspan=3 | July 18, 1868

|- | {{ushr|South Carolina|2|South Carolina 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Christopher C. Bowen (R)

|- | {{ushr|South Carolina|4|South Carolina 4th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | James H. Goss (R)

|- | {{ushr|North Carolina|5|North Carolina 5th}} | Vacant | North Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Israel G. Lash (R) | July 20, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Alabama|2|Alabama 2nd}} | rowspan=6 | Vacant | rowspan=6 | Alabama re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Charles W. Buckley (R) | rowspan=5 | July 21, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Alabama|3|Alabama 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Benjamin W. Norris (R)

|- | {{ushr|Alabama|4|Alabama 4th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Charles W. Pierce (R)

|- | {{ushr|Alabama|5|Alabama 5th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John B. Callis (R)

|- | {{ushr|Alabama|6|Alabama 6th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Thomas Haughey (R)

|- | {{ushr|Alabama|1|Alabama 1st}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Francis W. Kellogg (R) | July 22, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Georgia|1|Georgia 1st}} | rowspan=6 | Vacant | rowspan=6 | Georgia re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Joseph W. Clift (R) | rowspan=6 | July 25, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Georgia|2|Georgia 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Nelson Tift (D)

|- | {{ushr|Georgia|3|Georgia 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | William P. Edwards (R)

|- | {{ushr|Georgia|4|Georgia 4th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Samuel F. Gove (R)

|- | {{ushr|Georgia|5|Georgia 5th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Charles H. Prince (R)

|- | {{ushr|Georgia|7|Georgia 7th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Pierce M. B. Young (D)

|- | {{ushr|North Carolina|2|North Carolina 2nd}} | Vacant | North Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | David Heaton (R) | July 25, 1868

|- | {{ushr|South Carolina|1|South Carolina 1st}} | Vacant | South Carolina re-admitted into the Union | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Manuel S. Corley (R) | July 25, 1868

|- | {{ushr|New York|21|New York 21st}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Roscoe Conkling (R) | Resigned March 4, 1867, after being elected to the US Senate | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Alexander H. Bailey (R) | November 30, 1867

|- | {{ushr|Kentucky|3|Kentucky 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Elijah Hise (D) | Died May 8, 1867 | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Jacob Golladay (D) | December 5, 1867

|- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|12|Pennsylvania 12th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Charles Denison (D) | Died June 27, 1867 | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | George W. Woodward (D) | November 21, 1867

|- | {{ushr|Ohio|2|Ohio 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Rutherford B. Hayes (R) | Resigned July 20, 1867, after being nominated Governor of Ohio | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Samuel F. Cary (IR) | November 21, 1867

|- | {{ushr|Missouri|3|Missouri 3rd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Thomas E. Noell (D) | Died October 3, 1867 | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | James R. McCormick (D) | December 17, 1867

|- | {{ushr|Ohio|8|Ohio 8th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Cornelius S. Hamilton (R) | Killed by insane son December 22, 1867 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John Beatty (R) | February 5, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Ohio|13|Ohio 13th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | George W. Morgan (D) | Lost contested election June 3, 1868 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Columbus Delano (R) | June 3, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Missouri|5|Missouri 5th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Joseph W. McClurg (R) | Resigned in July 1868 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John H. Stover (R) | December 7, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|9|Pennsylvania 9th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Thaddeus Stevens (R) | Died August 11, 1868 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Oliver J. Dickey (R) | December 7, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|20|Pennsylvania 20th}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Darwin A. Finney (R) | Died August 25, 1868 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | S. Newton Pettis (R) | December 7, 1868

|- | {{ushr|Louisiana|2|Louisiana 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Democratic}} | James Mann (D) | Died August 26, 1868 | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | {{ushr|Arkansas|2|Arkansas 2nd}} | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | James M. Hinds (R) | Assassinated October 22, 1868 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | James T. Elliott (R) | January 13, 1869

|- | {{ushr|New Mexico Territory|AL|New Mexico Territory At-large}} | nowwap {{party shading/Democratic}} | Charles P. Clever (D) | Lost contested election February 20, 1869 | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | J. Francisco Chaves (R) | February 20, 1869

|}

==Committees== {{List of Congressional Committees instructions}}

===Senate===

* Agriculture (Chairman: Simon Cameron; Ranking Member: Thomas W. Tipton) * Appropriations (Chairman: Lot M. Morrill; Ranking Member: Cornelius Cole) * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin; Ranking Member: Charles R. Buckalew) * Claims (Chairman: Timothy O. Howe; Ranking Member: Justin S. Morrill) * Commerce (Chairman: Zachariah Chandler; Ranking Member: Henry W. Corbett) * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) * District of Columbia (Chairman: James Harlan; Ranking Member: James W. Patterson) * Education * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Joseph S. Fowler; Ranking Member: Daniel S. Norton) * Finance (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: Alexander G. Cattell) * Foreign Relations (Chairman: Charles Sumner; Ranking Member: Oliver P. Morton) * Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson (Select) * Impeachment Trial Investigation (Select) * Indian Affairs (Chairman: John B. Henderson; Ranking Member: John M. Thayer) * Judiciary (Chairman: Lyman Trumbull; Ranking Member: Roscoe Conkling) * Manufactures (Chairman: William Sprague IV; Ranking Member: Cornelius Cole) * Military Affairs and the Militia (Chairman: Henry Wilson; Ranking Member: Oliver P. Morton) * Mines and Mining (Chairman: John Conness; Ranking Member: Richard Yates) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: James W. Grimes; Ranking Member: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen) * Ninth Census (Select) * Ordnance and War Ships (Select) (Chairman: Jacob M. Howard; Ranking Member: Charles D. Drake) * Pacific Railroad (Chairman: Jacob M. Howard; Ranking Member: William M. Stewart) * Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: Waitman T. Willey; Ranking Member: Orris S. Ferry) * Pensions (Chairman: Peter G. Van Winkle; Ranking Member: Thomas W. Tipton) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Alexander Ramsey; Ranking Member: James Harlan) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Godlove Stein Orth; Ranking Member: Daniel S. Norton) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: William P. Fessenden; Ranking Member: Orris S. Ferry) * Public Lands (Chairman: Samuel C. Pomeroy; Ranking Member: George H. Williams) * Representative Reform (Select) * Retrenchment (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: James W. Patterson) * Revision of the Laws (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling; Ranking Member: N/A) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: James W. Nye; Ranking Member: David T. Patterson) * Rules * Tariff Regulation (Select) * Territories (Chairman: Richard Yates; Ranking Member: Alexander Ramsey) * Treasury Printing Bureau (Select) * Whole

===House of Representatives===

* Accounts (Chairman: John M. Broomall; Ranking Member: William C. Fields) * Agriculture (Chairman: Rowland E. Trowbridge; Ranking Member: John T. Wilson) * Appropriations (Chairman: Thaddeus Stevens; Ranking Member: Benjamin F. Butler) * Banking and Currency (Chairman: Theodore M. Pomeroy; Ranking Member: Norman B. Judd) * Claims (Chairman: John A. Bingham; Ranking Member: Amasa Cobb) * Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: William D. Kelley; Ranking Member: John Hill) * Commerce (Chairman: Elihu B. Washburne; Ranking Member: James M. Humphrey) * District of Columbia (Chairman: Ebon C. Ingersoll; Ranking Member: Fernando Wood) * Education and Labor (Chairman: Jehu Baker; Ranking Member: Thomas Cornell) * Elections (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: Burton C. Cook) * Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Chester D. Hubbard; Ranking Member: Ginery Twichell) * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Charles Upson; Ranking Member: Francis Thomas) * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William A. Pile; Ranking Member: John H. Ketcham) * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Samuel M. Arnell; Ranking Member: Reader W. Clarke) * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: James M. Marvin; Ranking Member: Bethuel M. Kitchen) * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: William Williams; Ranking Member: Charles E. Phelps) * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Cadwallader C. Washburn; Ranking Member: Stevenson Archer) * Freedmen's Affairs (Chairman: Thomas D. Eliot; Ranking Member: Daniel J. Morrell) * Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks; Ranking Member: Austin Blair) * Indian Affairs (Chairman: William Windom; Ranking Member: Glenni W. Scofield) * Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Sidney Perham; Ranking Member: George F. Miller) * Judiciary (Chairman: James F. Wilson; Ranking Member: William Lawrence) * Manufactures (Chairman: Daniel J. Morrell; Ranking Member: William Moore) * Mileage (Chairman: George W. Anderson; Ranking Member: Green B. Raum) * Military Affairs (Chairman: James A. Garfield; Ranking Member: Green B. Raum) * Militia (Chairman: Halbert E. Paine; Ranking Member: Austin Blair) * Mines and Mining (Chairman: William Higby; Ranking Member: Morton C. Hunter) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Frederick A. Pike; Ranking Member: Thomas W. Ferry) * Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Hiram Price; Ranking Member: Oakes Ames) * Patents (Chairman: Thomas A. Jenckes; Ranking Member: Henry P.H. Bromwell) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John F. Farnsworth; Ranking Member: John Lynch) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Godlove Stein Orth; Ranking Member: Alexander H. Bailey) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John Covode; Ranking Member: William Moore) * Public Expenditures (Chairman: Calvin T. Hulburd; Ranking Member: John Coburn) * Public Lands (Chairman: George W. Julian; Ranking Member: George W. Anderson) * Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Luke P. Poland; Ranking Member: William Windom) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Hamilton Ward; Ranking Member: Daniel Polsley) * Revolutionary Pensions and the War of 1812 (Chairman: Benjamin F. Loan; Ranking Member: Lewis Selye) * Roads and Canals (Chairman: Burton C. Cook; Ranking Member: Grenville M. Dodge) * Rules (Select) (Chairman: Schuyler Colfax; Ranking Member: James G. Blaine) * Standards of Official Conduct * Territories (Chairman: James M. Ashley; Ranking Member: James Mullins) * Ways and Means (Chairman: Robert C. Schenck; Ranking Member: John A. Logan) * Whole

===Joint committees===

* Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special) * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Stephen F. Wilson; Vice Chairman: Rep. William S. Holman) * The Library (Chairman: John D. Baldwin; Vice Chairman: Rep. Rufus P. Spalding) * Printing (Chairman: Rep. Addison H. Laflin; Vice Chairman: Rep. Henry L. Cake) * Ordnance (Select) (Chairman: Rep. John A. Logan; Vice Chairman: Rep. Robert C. Schenck) * Reorganize the Civil Service in the Departments * Retrenchment (Chairman: Rep. Charles H. Van Wyck; Vice Chairman: Rep. Thomas A. Jenckes) * Revise and Equalize the Pay of the Employees of Each House * To Examine the Accounts for Repairs and Furnishing of the Executive Mansion (Chairman: Rep. Rufus P. Spalding; Vice Chairman: Rep. Adam J. Glossbrenner)

== Caucuses == * Democratic (House) * Democratic (Senate)

== Employees == === Legislative branch agency directors === * Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865 * Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

=== Senate === * Chaplain of the Senate: Edgar H. Gray (Baptist) * Secretary of the Senate: John W. Forney, until June 4, 1868 ** George C. Gorham, elected June 4, 1868 * Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: George T. Brown

=== House of Representatives === * Chaplain of the House: Charles B. Boynton (Congregationalist) * Clerk of the House: Edward McPherson * Doorkeeper of the House: Charles E. Lippincott * Messenger to the Speaker: William D. Todd * Postmaster of the House: William S. King * Reading Clerks: Edward W. Barber (D) and William K. Mehaffey (R) * Sergeant at Arms of the House: Nehemiah G. Ordway

== See also == * 1866 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress) ** 1866–67 United States Senate elections ** 1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections * 1868 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress) ** 1868 United States presidential election ** 1868–69 United States Senate elections ** 1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

* {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York}} * {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York}} * {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C | title= The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 | edition=volume 4 Bicentennial | first1= Robert C. | last1= Byrd | author-link1=Robert Byrd | first2= Wendy | last2=Wolff | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | date=October 1, 1993 | isbn= 9780160632563 }}

== External links == * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsllink.html Statutes at Large, 1789-1875] * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsjlink.html Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress] * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhjlink.html#anchor2 House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress] * [http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: House History] * [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists] * {{cite book |title=Congressional Directory for the 40th Congress, 2nd Session |url= https://archive.org/stream/officialcongres06pringoog#page/n11/mode/1up }} * {{cite book |title=Congressional Directory for the 40th Congress, 3rd Session |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pMpFAQAAMAAJ |last1 = Congress|first1 = United States|year = 1869}}

{{USCongresses}}

Category:40th United States Congress