{{Short description|Radio galaxy in the constellation Draco}} {{Infobox galaxy|name=[[Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources|3C]] 356|epoch=[[J2000.0]]|constellation name=[[Draco (constellation)|Draco]]|ra={{RA|17|24|19.041}}|dec={{DEC|+50|57|40.14}}|z=1.079000|h_radial_v=323,476 [[kilometer per second|km/s]]|image=File:Radio galaxy 3C 356.jpg|caption=The radio galaxy 3C 356.|dist_ly=7.817 [[light year|Gly]]|appmag_v=21.5|appmag_b=21.5|type=NLRG|names=LHE 425, [[Fourth Cambridge Survey|4C]] 51.36, OHIO T 538, NRAO 526, [[NRAO VLA Sky Survey|NVSS]] J172420+505714, WB 1723+5100, [[Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database|LEDA]] 2817697}}
'''3C 356''' is a distant [[radio galaxy]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=information@eso.org |title=Radio galaxy 3C 356 |url=https://esahubble.org/images/heic1511e/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=www.esahubble.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Crawford |first1=C. S. |last2=Fabian |first2=A. C. |date=July 1996 |title=A ROSAT HRI observation of 3C 356: further evidence for a distant intracluster medium |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=281 |issue=1 |pages=L5–L8 |doi=10.1093/mnras/281.1.l5 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1996MNRAS.281L...5C |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> located in the [[constellation]] of [[Draco (constellation)|Draco]], hosted by a merging pair of [[Elliptical galaxy|elliptical galaxies]] located at [[redshift]] (z) 1.079<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Hilbert |first1=B. |last2=Chiaberge |first2=M. |last3=Kotyla |first3=J. P. |last4=Tremblay |first4=G. R. |last5=Stanghellini |first5=C. |last6=Sparks |first6=W. B. |last7=Baum |first7=S. |last8=Capetti |first8=A. |last9=Macchetto |first9=F. D. |last10=Miley |first10=G. K. |last11=O’Dea |first11=C. P. |last12=Perlman |first12=E. S. |last13=Quillen |first13=A. |date=2016-07-01 |title=Powerful Activity in the Bright Ages. I. A Visible/IR Survey of High Redshift 3C Radio Galaxies and Quasars |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=225 |issue=1 |pages=12 |doi=10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/12 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1605.03196 |bibcode=2016ApJS..225...12H |issn=0067-0049}}</ref> with two radio cores having a separation gap of 5 [[Minute and second of arc|arcseconds]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Best |first1=P. N. |last2=Longair |first2=M. S. |last3=Rottgering |first3=H. J. A. |date=1996-05-01 |title=Evolution of the aligned structures in z 1 radio galaxies |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1996MNRAS.280L...9B |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=280 |issue=1 |pages=L9–L12 |doi=10.1093/mnras/280.1.l9 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711|hdl=1887/6693 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jackson |first1=N. |last2=Rawlings |first2=S. |date=1997-03-21 |title=[O III] 500.7 spectroscopy of 3C galaxies and quasars at redshift z > 1 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=286 |issue=1 |pages=241–256 |doi=10.1093/mnras/286.1.241 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1997MNRAS.286..241J |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> It was first discovered as an [[astronomical radio source]] by P. Veron from a [[Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources|3C]] revised catalogue in 1966<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Véron |first=P. |date=June 1966 |title=Optical Positions for Radio Sources in the 3C Revised Catalogue |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1966ApJ...144..861V |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=144 |pages=861 |doi=10.1086/148682 |bibcode=1966ApJ...144..861V |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> and such, shows an alignment effect at both [[wavelength]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cimatti |first1=Andrea |last2=Dey |first2=Arjun |last3=Breugel |first3=Wil van |last4=Hurt |first4=Todd |last5=Antonucci |first5=Robert |date=1997-02-20 |title=Keck Spectropolarimetry of Two High-''z''Radio Galaxies: Discerning the Components of the Alignment Effect |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/303660/fulltext/34777.text.html |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=476 |issue=2 |pages=677–684 |doi=10.1086/303660 |bibcode=1997ApJ...476..677C |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> The [[Astrophysical X-ray source|X-ray source]] luminosity for this galaxy is estimated to be 2.5 × 10<sup>44</sup> erg s<sup>−1</sup>.<ref name=":0" />
== Description == 3C 356 contains a double compact source with a 170° [[position angle]]. The source is found weakly depolarized in south-east direction closer to the central region. There is a presence of a northern object displaying a more [[Ionization|ionized]] [[Spectral line|emission line spectrum]] likely the source's origin. In additional, the northern component is more compact but has an extension directly south by 3 arcseconds.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Crawford |first1=C. S. |last2=Fabian |first2=A. C. |date=January 1993 |title=A ROSAT observation of the powerful distant radio galaxy 3C 356 |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1993MNRAS.260L..15C |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=260 |issue=1 |pages=L15–L19 |doi=10.1093/mnras/260.1.l15 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> According to [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) imaging of a northwest component, this shows a high [[surface brightness]] conelike structure with a much fainter extension.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martel |first1=André R. |last2=Baum |first2=Stefi A. |last3=Sparks |first3=William B. |last4=Wyckoff |first4=Eric |last5=Biretta |first5=John A. |last6=Golombek |first6=Daniel |last7=Macchetto |first7=Ferdinando D. |last8=de Koff |first8=Sigrid |last9=McCarthy |first9=Patrick J. |last10=Miley |first10=George K. |date=May 1999 |title=Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. II. Radio Galaxies with z > 0.5 |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/313035/fulltext/34781.text.html |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=122 |issue=1 |pages=81–108 |doi=10.1086/313205 |bibcode=1999ApJS..122...81M |issn=0067-0049}}</ref>
The radio structure of 3C 356 is complex. Its radio core position is unresolved with a diffused region peaking 5 arcseconds away at a position angle of 150° and a radio axis of 162°.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Eisenhardt |first1=Peter |last2=Chokshi |first2=Arati |date=March 1990 |title=Infrared images of distant 3C radio galaxies |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1990ApJ...351L...9E/L000011.000.html |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=351 |pages=L9 |doi=10.1086/185667 |bibcode=1990ApJ...351L...9E |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> There are two [[radio lobe]]s in 3C 356 are located 15 arcseconds and 30 arcseconds in both directions.<ref name=":1" /> According to [[Very Large Array]] radio mapping, both northwestern and southeastern lobes are shown enlarged and overlaid [[Polarization (waves)|polarized]]. In the southeastern lobe, there are three compact structures of equal brightness. The northwestern lobe on the other hand, contains a defined hot spot and more extended [[Electromagnetic radiation|emission]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fernini |first1=Ilias |last2=Burns |first2=Jack O. |last3=Bridle |first3=Alan H. |last4=Perley |first4=Rick A. |date=May 1993 |title=Very Large Array imaging of five Fanaroff-Riley II 3CR radio galaxies |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1993AJ....105.1690F/0001692.000.html |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=105 |pages=1690 |doi=10.1086/116547 |bibcode=1993AJ....105.1690F |issn=0004-6256}}</ref>
According to deep [[Infrared|near-infrared]] imaging taken via [[Subaru Telescope]], 3C 356 is found connected with a poor [[Galaxy cluster|cluster of galaxies]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=C. |last2=Rawlings |first2=S. |date=2002-08-11 |title=The radio galaxy 3C 356 and clues to the trigger mechanisms for powerful radio sources |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=334 |issue=3 |pages=511–522 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05453.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=astro-ph/0203446 |bibcode=2002MNRAS.334..511S |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> A [[stellar mass]] of 4 × 10<sup>11</sup> M<sub>☉</sub> has also been calculated for the [[spectral energy distribution]] of the galaxy as well, with the [[supermassive black hole]] mass being 8.74 ± 0.42 M<sub>☉</sub>.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fernandes |first1=C. A. C. |last2=Jarvis |first2=M. J. |last3=Martínez-Sansigre |first3=A. |last4=Rawlings |first4=S. |last5=Afonso |first5=J. |last6=Hardcastle |first6=M. J. |last7=Lacy |first7=M. |last8=Stevens |first8=J. A. |last9=Vardoulaki |first9=E. |date=2014-12-22 |title=Black hole masses, accretion rates and hot- and cold-mode accretion in radio galaxies at z ∼ 1 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=447 |issue=2 |pages=1184–1203 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stu2517 |doi-access=free |issn=1365-2966|arxiv=1411.7388 }}</ref>
== References == <references />
== External links == *[https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=70286&objname=10&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1 3C 356 on NASA/IPAC Database] *[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?bibyear1=1850&bibyear2=%24currentYear&submit=Display&Ident=%40352384&Name=3C+356&bibdisplay=refsum&bibyear1=1850&bibyear2=%24currentYear#lab_bib 3C 356 on SIMBAD]
{{Draco (constellation)}}
[[Category:Radio galaxies]] [[Category:Draco (constellation)]] [[Category:3C objects|356]] [[Category:4C objects|51.36]] [[Category:LEDA objects|2817697]] [[Category:Active galaxies]] [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1966]]