{{Short description|Radio galaxy located in the constellation Boötes}} {{Infobox galaxy|name=[[Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources|3C]] 315|epoch=[[J2000.0]]|constellation name=[[Boötes]]|ra={{RA|15|13|40.09}}<ref name="ned" />|dec={{DEC|+26|07|31.86}}<ref name="ned" />|z=0.108300<ref name="ned" />|h_radial_v=32,468 [[kilometer per second|km/s]]<ref name="ned" />|dist_ly=1.647 [[light years|Gly]]|appmag_b=16.30|type=Double galaxy NLRG<ref name="ned" />|names=[[Fourth Cambridge Survey|4C]] +26.47, [[Parkes Catalogue of Radio Sources|PKS]] 1511+26, [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 54357, B2 1511+26, DA 377, NRAO 0472, CoNFIG 211, [[NRAO VLA Sky Survey|NVSS]] J151339+260733<ref name="ned" />|image=File:3C 315 SDSS.jpg|caption=Radio galaxy 3C 315 taken with [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]].}}
'''3C 315''' is a [[Fanaroff–Riley classification|Fanaroff-Riley class]] type 2<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Owen |first1=Frazer N. |last2=Laing |first2=Robert A. |date=May 1989 |title=CCD surface photometry of radio galaxies -I. FR class I and II sources. |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1989MNRAS.238..357O |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=238 |issue=2 |pages=357–378 |doi=10.1093/mnras/238.2.357 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> [[radio galaxy]] located in the [[constellation]] of [[Boötes]]. It has a [[redshift]] of (z) 0.108<ref name="ned">{{Cite web |title=NED search results for 3C 315 |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=3C+315&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1 |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database}}</ref> and it was first discovered by astronomers in 1962.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goldstein |first=Samuel J. |date=April 1962 |title=Observations of sixty discrete sources at 1423 MC |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1962AJ.....67..171G |journal=The Astronomical Journal |language=en |volume=67 |pages=171 |doi=10.1086/108688 |bibcode=1962AJ.....67..171G |issn=0004-6256}}</ref> This object is found to have a prototype X-shaped double [[Astronomical radio source|radio source]] with its host, an [[elliptical galaxy]] being a member of a close double system.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Nowakowski |first1=Tomasz |last2=Phys.org |title=Astronomers investigate X-shaped radio galaxy 3C 315 |url=https://phys.org/news/2025-03-astronomers-radio-galaxy-3c.html |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Lal |first1=D. V. |last2=Rao |first2=A. P. |date=2007-01-21 |title=Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations of X-shaped radio sources |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=374 |issue=3 |pages=1085–1102 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11225.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=astro-ph/0610678 |bibcode=2007MNRAS.374.1085L |issn=0035-8711}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miley |first=G. |date=1980 |title=The structure of extended extragalactic radio sources |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1980ARA%26A..18..165M |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |language=en |volume=18 |pages=165–218 |doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.18.090180.001121 |bibcode=1980ARA&A..18..165M |issn=0066-4146}}</ref>
== Description == 3C 315 is described having a flattened appearance and a dust obscured central nucleus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Koff |first1=Sigrid |last2=Best |first2=Philip |last3=A. Baum |first3=Stefi |last4=Sparks |first4=William |last5=Röttgering |first5=Huub |last6=Miley |first6=George |date=July 2000 |title=The Dust-Radio Connection in 3CR Radio Galaxies |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/313402/fulltext/ |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=3–59 |doi=10.1086/313402|bibcode=2000ApJS..129...33D |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Its nuclear [[Flattening|ellipticity]] is found to decrease at a large [[radius]] and has a central elongated structure which suggests an edge-on stellar disk.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Capetti |first1=A. |last2=de Ruiter |first2=H. R. |last3=Fanti |first3=R. |last4=Morganti |first4=R. |last5=Parma |first5=P. |last6=Ulrich |first6=M.-H. |date=October 2000 |title=The HST snapshot survey of the B2 sample of low luminosity radio-galaxies: a picture gallery |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |language=en |volume=362 |pages=871–885 |arxiv=astro-ph/0009056 |bibcode=2000A&A...362..871C |issn=0004-6361}}</ref> It has an arc feature described as faint, which is located at a southern end of the galaxy. A large round [[galaxy]] companion is seen in the direction of south.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Madrid |first1=Juan P. |last2=Chiaberge |first2=Marco |last3=Floyd |first3=David |last4=Sparks |first4=William B. |last5=Macchetto |first5=Duccio |last6=Miley |first6=George K. |last7=Axon |first7=David |last8=Capetti |first8=Alessandro |last9=O’Dea |first9=Christopher P. |last10=Baum |first10=Stefi |last11=Perlman |first11=Eric |last12=Quillen |first12=Alice |date=June 2006 |title=Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift |url=https://doi.org/10.1086/504480 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=164 |issue=2 |pages=307–333 |doi=10.1086/504480 |arxiv=astro-ph/0603239 |bibcode=2006ApJS..164..307M |issn=0067-0049}}</ref> The total [[Star formation|star forming]] [[infrared]] luminosity of 3C 315 is estimated to be (1.4 ± 0.61) × 10<sup>10</sup> [[Solar luminosity|L<sub>☉</sub>]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shi |first1=Yong |last2=Ogle |first2=Patrick |last3=Rieke |first3=George H. |last4=Antonucci |first4=Robert |last5=Hines |first5=Dean C. |last6=Smith |first6=Paul S. |last7=Low |first7=Frank J. |last8=Bouwman |first8=Jeroen |last9=Willmer |first9=Christopher |date=November 2007 |title=Aromatic Features in AGNs: Star-forming Infrared Luminosity Function of AGN Host Galaxies |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=669 |issue=2 |pages=841–861 |doi=10.1086/521594 |arxiv=0707.2806 |bibcode=2007ApJ...669..841S |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>
The source of 3C 315 is found peculiar with a [[banana]]-shaped radio structure.<ref name=":1" /> When imaged, it has a central component<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laing |first=R. A. |date=1981-02-01 |title=Observations of compact radio sources with the 5-km telescope |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=194 |issue=2 |pages=301–330 |doi=10.1093/mnras/194.2.301 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1981MNRAS.194..301L |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> resolved into two individual components that are extended on each side of the central object. These components are however elongated and are perpendicular to the axis source. The flux density of both components at 5.0 [[Hertz|GHz]] are estimated to be 1.3 ± 0.2 10<sup>−26</sup> W m<sup>−2</sup> [[Hertz|Hz]]<sup>−1</sup>.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Northover |first=K. J. E. |date=1976-11-01 |title=Observations of the Radio Galaxies 3C 264 and 3C 315 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=177 |issue=2 |pages=307–317 |doi=10.1093/mnras/177.2.307 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1976MNRAS.177..307N |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> The radio core is found associated with a much brighter member galaxy in the system according to [[Very Large Array]] observations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Leahy |first1=J. P. |last2=Williams |first2=A. G. |date=October 1984 |title=The bridges of classical double radio sources. |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1984MNRAS.210..929L |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=210 |issue=4 |pages=929–951 |doi=10.1093/mnras/210.4.929 |bibcode=1984MNRAS.210..929L |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> A weak hotspot is seen possibly located in the northeastern arm.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Alexander |first1=P. |last2=Leahy |first2=J. P. |date=March 1987 |title=Ageing and speeds in a representative sample of 21 classical double radio sources |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=225 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1093/mnras/225.1.1 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1987MNRAS.225....1A |issn=0035-8711}}</ref> Evidence also showed the source is found heavily [[Polarization (waves)|polarized]] with the levels rising by 50% in the north point extension.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hogbom |first=J. A. |date=May 1979 |title=A study of the radio galaxies 3C 111, 192, 219, 223, 315 and 452. |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1979A%26AS...36..173H |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series |language=en |volume=36 |pages=173–192 |issn=0365-0138}}</ref>
Spectral index mapping using radio maps at 1.65 and 2.7 [[Hertz|GHz]] [[Frequency|frequencies]], have shown flat and steep [[spectral index]] regions located close to the core and at the tips of the [[Radio galaxy|radio lobes]] of 3C 315. Based on observations, both the northern and southern lobes have spectral indices of -1.46 and -1.26 at high frequencies, while most of the regions have a low-frequency measuring between -0.78 and -1.31. The wings located at [[Points of the compass|northeast]] and [[Points of the compass|southeast]] have measured spectra indices of -1.31 ± 0.03 and -1.27 ± 0.02 respectively.<ref name=":0" /> A study published in 2024 suggested the X-shaped source of 3C 315 might be influenced through environmental factors, given the galaxy host's location inside a cluster.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Borka Jovanović |first1=V. |last2=Borka |first2=D. |last3=Jovanović |first3=P. |chapter=X-shaped radio galaxy 3C 315 |date=2024-11-26 |title=BOOK OF ABSTRACTS AND CONTRIBUTED PAPERS - International Meeting on Data for Atomic and Molecular Processes in Plasmas: Advances in Standards and Modelling |chapter-url=https://www.aob.rs/images/doi/konferencije/2024/PDF/2024-imdampp/30-39.pdf |location=Belgrade, Serbia |publisher=Institute of Physics Belgrade |pages=30–39 |doi=10.69646/aob241108|isbn=978-86-82441-69-4 }}</ref>
== References == <references />
== External links == *[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=4C%2026.47 3C 315 on SIMBAD]
{{Boötes}}
[[Category:3C objects|315]] [[Category:Radio galaxies]] [[Category:Active galaxies]] [[Category:Boötes]] [[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|054357]] [[Category:4C objects|26.47]] [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1962]]