2MASS 1237+6526

{{Short description|Brown dwarf in the constellation Draco}} {{Starbox begin}} {{Starbox image | image = [[File:2MASS 1237+6526 legacy dr10.jpg|250px]] | caption = T-type [[brown dwarf]] 2MASS 1237+6526 (faint red "star" in the center) imaged by [[Dark_Energy_Spectroscopic_Instrument#DESI_Legacy_Imaging_Surveys|legacy surveys]] }} {{Starbox observe | epoch = [[J2000]] | constell = [[Draco (constellation)|Draco]] | ra = {{RA|12|37|39.19632}}<ref name=2MASS>{{cite journal|title=2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources|date=2003|journal=VizieR On-line Data Catalog|author1=Cutri, R. M.|bibcode=2003yCat.2246....0C}}</ref> | dec = {{DEC|+65|26|14.8092}}<ref name=2MASS/> | appmag_v = +16.05 }} {{Starbox character | class = T6.5<ref name="Burgasser et al." /> }} {{Starbox astrometry | parallax_footnote = <ref name=BDKP>{{cite journal|title=The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). III. Parallaxes for 70 Ultracool Dwarfs|date=2012|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=752|author1=Faherty, Jacqueline K.|issue=1 |bibcode=2012ApJ...752...56F|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/56|arxiv=1203.5543|page=56|s2cid=18160586 }}</ref> | parallax = 96.07 | p_error = 4.78 }} {{Starbox detail | mass = 0.035 | radius = 0.11 | luminosity = {{val|6.25|e=−6}} | temperature = 850<ref name="Liebert & Burgasser" /> | age = ≥2-10<ref name="Liebert & Burgasser">{{cite journal | arxiv=astro-ph/0609793| author=Liebert & Burgasser| title=On the Nature of the Unique Hα-emitting T Dwarf 2MASS J12373919+6526148| journal=[[Astronomy & Astrophysics]]| volume=655|issue=1|pages=522–527 |year=2007|bibcode=2007ApJ...655..522L|doi = 10.1086/509882 | s2cid=18852560}}</ref> [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] }} {{Starbox catalog | names = 2MASS J12373919+6526148, 2MASSI J1237392+652615, 2MASSW J1237392+652615 }} {{Starbox reference | Simbad = 2MASS+J12373919%2B6526148 }} {{Starbox end}}

'''2MASS J12373919+6526148''' (hereafter '''2MASS 1237+6526''') is a [[brown dwarf]] object with late [[T dwarf|spectral type T]] in the constellation of [[Draco (constellation)|Draco]], nearly 34 [[light-year]]s away from the Sun.<ref name=BDKP/> The substellar object could likely host a very low-mass companion (yet undetected but inferred), possibly in the planetary regime.<ref name="Burgasser et al.">{{cite journal | arxiv=astro-ph/0211470| author=Burgasser |display-authors=et al| title=Binarity in Brown Dwarfs: T Dwarf Binaries Discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope WPFC2| journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]| volume=586|issue=1|pages=512–526 |year=2003|bibcode=2003ApJ...586..512B|doi = 10.1086/346263 | s2cid=6682945 }}</ref> This has been inferred from unusual [[H-alpha|Hα]] emission that it exhibited in the past.<ref name=Saur/>

Radio observations with the [[Very Large Array]] detected the brown dwarf. The strong detection is due to weakly circularly polarized (~35%) quiescent emission as well as pulsed emission, including a strong pulse that was highly circularly polarized (~80%). Two weaker pulses occurred before and after this strong pulse. This constrained the rotation period to {{Val|2.28|0.10|0.09|u=hour}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kao |first1=Melodie M. |last2=Hallinan |first2=Gregg |last3=Pineda |first3=J. Sebastian |last4=Stevenson |first4=David |last5=Burgasser |first5=Adam |date=2018-07-31 |title=The Strongest Magnetic Fields on the Coolest Brown Dwarfs |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |language=en |volume=237 |issue=2 |pages=25 |arxiv=1808.02485 |bibcode=2018ApJS..237...25K |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/aac2d5 |doi-access=free |issn=0067-0049 }}</ref> 2MASS 1237+6526 may potentially show [[aurora]]e, which would be significant since extrasolar aurorae have not been detected, but this has not been conclusively demonstrated.<ref name=Saur>{{cite journal|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202040230|title=Brown dwarfs as ideal candidates for detecting UV aurora outside the Solar System: Hubble Space Telescope observations of 2MASS J1237+6526|year=2021|last1=Saur|first1=Joachim|last2=Willmes|first2=Clarissa|last3=Fischer|first3=Christian|last4=Wennmacher|first4=Alexandre|last5=Roth|first5=Lorenz|last6=Youngblood|first6=Allison|last7=Strobel|first7=Darrell F.|last8=Reiners|first8=Ansgar|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=655|pages=A75|arxiv=2109.00827|bibcode=2021A&A...655A..75S|s2cid=237385895}}</ref>

==Possible planetary companion== {{update section|reason=There are more recent papers discussing the possibility of a companion (already cited elsewhere in the article)|date=January 2026}} Burgasser et al. (2003)<ref name="Burgasser et al." /> have inferred the presence of a low-mass companion orbiting the brown dwarf 2MASS 1237+6526. Such object would yield a mass between 3 and 12 times that of [[Jupiter]] and take nearly 4.56 hours (0.19 days) to revolve around its dim primary. If confirmed it would be one of the shortest period [[exoplanet|exoplanets]] and orbiting one of the faintest hosts so far. Accounting very faint luminosity of the primary (6.25/1,000,000th of Sun's luminosity), the habitable zone is located within 0.0025 [[astronomical unit]]s, so the putative planet could likely retain great amounts of [[water]] and [[ammonia]]. Moreover, both the objects would appear the same size.

{{PlanetboxOrbit begin | table_ref=<ref name="Burgasser et al." /> | period_unit=day }} {{PlanetboxOrbit hypothetical | exoplanet = b | mass = ≥3-12 | period = ≥0.19 | semimajor = ≤0.003 | eccentricity = 0? }} {{PlanetboxOrbit end}}

== See also == Other T-dwarfs with detected radio emission:

* [[SIMP J013656.5+093347.3]] T2.5, planetary-mass object * [[2MASS J10475385+2124234]] T6.5 * [[WISEPC J112254.73+255021.5]] T6 * [[WISEPA J101905.63+652954.2]] T5.5+T7.0 * [[WISEPA J062309.94-045624.6]] T8 * [[2MASS J22282889−4310262|2MASS 2228-4310]] T6

==References== {{reflist}}

[[Category:T-type brown dwarfs]] [[Category:Brown dwarfs]] [[Category:Hypothetical planetary systems]] [[Category:Draco (constellation)]]