{{Short description|Trojan asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 2674 Pandarus | background = #C2FFFF | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = Oak Ridge Obs. | discovery_site = Oak Ridge Obs. | discovered = 27 January 1982 | mpc_name = (2674) Pandarus | alt_names = {{mp|1982 BC|3}}{{·}}1972 GE<br />{{mp|1976 SM|6}}{{·}}{{mp|1977 RB|6}} | adjective = Pandarian | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|æ|n|d|ə|r|ə|s}}<ref>Noah Webster (1884) ''A Practical Dictionary of the English Language''</ref> | named_after = Pandarus<ref name="MPC-object" /><br />{{small|(Greek mythology)}} | mp_category = Jupiter trojan<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{nowrap|Trojan<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans" /><ref name="AstDys-object" />{{·}}background<ref name="AstDys-object" />}} | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 46.11 yr (16,842 d) | aphelion = 5.5357 AU | perihelion = 4.8251 AU | semimajor = 5.1804 AU | eccentricity = 0.0686 | period = 11.79 yr (4,307 d) | mean_anomaly = 311.54° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.0836|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 1.8549° | asc_node = 179.81° | arg_peri = 39.446° | jupiter_moid = 0.1828 AU | tisserand = 2.9940 | mean_diameter = {{val|74.27|0.32|ul=km}}<ref name="Grav-2012" /><br />{{val|97.69|u=km}} {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|98.10|3.2|u=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|101.72|2.13|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /> | rotation = {{val|8.461|0.003|ul=h}}<ref name="Stephens-2016j" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-Stephens}}<br />{{val|8.470|0.002|u=h}}<ref name="Stephens-2017f" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-Stephens}}<br />{{val|8.480|u=h}}<ref name="French-1987" /> | albedo = {{val|0.0244}} {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.044|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.0461|0.003}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.067|0.012}}<ref name="Grav-2012" /> | spectral_type = D {{small|Tholen}}<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />D {{small|(Pan-STARRS)}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /><br />D {{small|(SDSS-MOC)}}<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy" /><br />B–V {{=}} 0.758<ref name="jpldata" /><br />U–B {{=}} 0.252<ref name="jpldata" /><br />B–V {{=}} {{val|0.770|0.060}}<ref name="Chatelain-2016" /><br />V–R {{=}} {{val|0.450|0.040}}<ref name="Chatelain-2016" /><br />V–I {{=}} {{val|0.950|0.022}}<ref name="Chatelain-2016" /> | abs_magnitude = 9.00<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /><br />9.1<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><br />9.2<ref name="Grav-2012" /><br />{{val|9.25|0.11}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /><br />9.70<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="French-1987" /> }}
'''2674 Pandarus''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|æ|n|d|ə|r|ə|s}} is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately {{convert|98|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 27 January 1982, by astronomers at Harvard's Oak Ridge Observatory near Harvard, Massachusetts, in the United States.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The likely elongated D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 8.48 hours and belongs to the 50 largest Jupiter trojans.<ref name="lcdb" /> It was named after Pandarus from Greek mythology.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Pandarus'' is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the trailing Trojan camp at Jupiter's {{L5}} Lagrangian point, 60° behind its orbit in a 1:1 resonance ''(see Trojans in astronomy)''. It is also a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population.<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" />
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.8–5.5 AU once every 11 years and 9 months (4,307 days; semi-major axis of 5.18 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as ''{{mp|1972 GE}}'' at Crimea–Nauchnij in April 1972, almost 10 years prior to its official discovery observation at Oak Ridge.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after Pandarus from Greek mythology, He was the Lycian warrior whose treacherous wounding of the Greek Spartan leader Menelaus broke the truce in the Trojan War.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The verb "to pander" and "pandering" are derived from his name. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 June 1982 ({{small|M.P.C. 6957}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Pandarus'' has been characterized as a D-type asteroid by the survey conducted by Pan-STARRS. It is also a dark D-type in the Tholen classification and in the SDSS-based taxonomy.<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Veres-2015" /><ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy" />
=== Rotation period ===
In the 1980s, a rotational lightcurve of ''Pandarus'' was obtained from photometric observations by Linda French using the SMARTS 0.9-meter reflector at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 8.480 hours with a brightness variation of 0.58 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}), indicative of a non-spheroidal shape.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="French-1987" />
In 2015 and 2017, Robert Stephens and Daniel Coley at the Center for Solar System Studies in California, measured two concurring periods of 8.461 and 8.470 hours with an amplitude of 0.49 and 0.65 magnitude, respectively ({{small|U=3/3-}}).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Stephens-2016j" /><ref name="Stephens-2017f" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-Stephens}}
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Pandarus'' measures between 74.27 and 101.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.044 and 0.067.<ref name="Grav-2012" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an exceptionally low albedo of 0.0244 and a diameter of 97.69 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.70.<ref name="lcdb" />
{{Largest Jupiter trojans}}
== Notes == {{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-Stephens|1=Lightcurve plots of (2674) Pandarus from [http://www.planetarysciences.org/plots/RDS/2674_PANDARUS_2015-11-12.PNG Nov 2015], [http://www.planetarysciences.org/plots/RDS/2674_PANDARUS_20170328.PNG Mar/Apr 2017] and [http://www.planetarysciences.org/plots/RDS/2674_PANDARUS_20171229.PNG Dec 2017/Jan 2018] by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies {{Obscode|U81}}. Quality code is 3/3/3 (lightcurve rating at CS3). Summary figures at the [https://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2674%7CPandarus LCDB] and [http://www.planetarysciences.org CS3].}}
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2018-05-25 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2674 Pandarus (1982 BC3) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002674 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 5 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 2674 Pandarus (1982 BC3) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2674 |access-date = 5 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans">{{cite web |title = List of Jupiter Trojans |work = Minor Planet Center |date = 30 May 2018 |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/JupiterTrojans.html |access-date = 5 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |access-date = 5 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Grav-2012">{{cite journal |first1 = T. |last1 = Grav |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. M. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = J. R. |last4 = Masiero |first5 = C. R. |last5 = Nugent |date = November 2012 |title = WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 10 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759...49G |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49 |arxiv = 1209.1549 |s2cid = 119101711 }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-6?-source=J/ApJ/759/49/table1&MPC=02674 online catalog])</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid (2674) Pandarus |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=2674&pc=1.1.6 |access-date = 5 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 2674 Pandarus |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=2674+Pandarus |access-date = 5 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy">{{Cite journal |first1 = J. M. |last1 = Carvano |first2 = P. H. |last2 = Hasselmann |first3 = D. |last3 = Lazzaro |first4 = T. |last4 = Mothé-Diniz |date = February 2010 |title = SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_I0035_5_SDSSTAX_V1_1/data/sdsstax_ast_table.tab |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 510 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2010A&A...510A..43C |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/200913322 |access-date= 30 October 2019|doi-access= free }} [https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/sdsstax.html (PDS data set)]</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 2674 |access-date = 5 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=2674 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="French-1987">{{Cite journal |author = French, L. M. |date = November 1987 |title = Rotation properties of four L5 Trojan asteroids from CCD photometry |journal = Icarus |volume = 72 |issue = 2 |pages = 325–341.MIT–supportedresearch |issn = 0019-1035 |bibcode = 1987Icar...72..325F |doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(87)90178-3 }}</ref>
<ref name="Stephens-2016j">{{Cite journal |first1 = Robert D. |last1 = Stephens |first2 = Daniel R. |last2 = Coley |first3 = Linda M. |last3 = French |date = July 2016 |title = A Report from the L5 Trojan Camp - Lightcurves of Jovian Trojan Asteroids from the Center for Solar System Studies |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 43 |issue = 3 |pages = 265–270 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2016MPBu...43..265S }}</ref>
<ref name="Stephens-2017f">{{Cite journal |first1 = Robert D. |last1 = Stephens |first2 = Daniel R. |last2 = Coley |date = July 2017 |title = Lightcurve Analysis of Trojan Asteroids at the Center for Solar System Studies 2017 January - March |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 44 |issue = 3 |pages = 252–257 |pmid = 32455404 |pmc = 7243922 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2017MPBu...44..252S }}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |s2cid = 53493339 }}</ref>
<ref name="Chatelain-2016">{{Cite journal |first1 = Joseph P. |last1 = Chatelain |first2 = Todd J. |last2 = Henry |first3 = Linda M. |last3 = French |first4 = Jennifer G. |last4 = Winters |first5 = David E. |last5 = Trilling |date = June 2016 |title = Photometric colors of the brightest members of the Jupiter L5 Trojan cloud |journal = Icarus |volume = 271 |pages = 158–169 |bibcode = 2016Icar..271..158C |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.01.026 |doi-access= free }}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|2674}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |2673 Lossignol |number=2674 |2675 Tolkien}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandarus}} 002674 002674 Category:Named minor planets 002674 19820127