{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 2328 Robeson | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = T. Smirnova | discovery_site = {{nowrap|Crimean Astrophysical Obs.}} | discovered = 19 April 1972 | mpc_name = (2328) Robeson | alt_names = 1972 HW | pronounced = | named_after = Paul Robeson<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(American singer and actor)}} | mp_category = main-belt<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />background<ref name="AstDys-object" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 45.76 yr (16,714 d) | aphelion = 2.6814 AU | perihelion = 2.0009 AU | semimajor = 2.3411 AU | eccentricity = 0.1453 | period = 3.58 yr (1,308 d) | mean_anomaly = 341.08° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2752|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 10.016° | asc_node = 182.19° | arg_peri = 340.93° | mean_diameter = {{val|7.46|u=km}} {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|11.75|1.4|ul=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|12.67|0.77|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|12.75|4.10|u=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|12.895|2.594|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|12.90|2.59|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|13.30|0.46|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /> | rotation = {{val|18.632|0.004|ul=h}}<ref name="Higgins-2007e" /> | albedo = {{val|0.06|0.01}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.067|0.053}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.07|0.03}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|0.074|0.034}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|0.105|0.008}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.1281|0.038}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | spectral_type = SMASS {{=}} C<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}X<ref name="Veres-2015" /><br />S {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 12.50<ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}12.80<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />13.0<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}13.02<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />13.16<ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}{{val|13.52|0.24}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /> }}
'''2328 Robeson''', provisional designation {{mp|1972 HW}}, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|13|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 19 April 1972, by astronomer Soviet–Russian Tamara Smirnova at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula.<ref name="MPC-object" /> It was named after American actor and singer Paul Robeson.<ref name="springer" /> The C/X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 18.6 hours.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Robeson'' is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.<ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,308 days; semi-major axis of 2.34 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Nauchnij in April 1972.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In the SMASS classification ''Robeson'' is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.<ref name="jpldata" /> It has also been characterized as an X-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS{{'}} photometric survey.<ref name="Veres-2015" />
=== Rotation period ===
In December 2006, a rotational lightcurve of ''Robeson'' was obtained from photometric observations at the Leura {{Obscode|E17}} and Hunters Hill {{Obscode|E14}} observatories in Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 18.632 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.20 magnitude ({{small|U=2+}}).<ref name="Higgins-2007e" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Robeson'' measures between 11.75 and 13.30 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.06 and 0.1281.<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes it to be a stony asteroid with a standard albedo of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 7.46 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.0.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after in memory of African-American singer and actor Paul Robeson (1898–1976).<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 8 February 1982 ({{small|M.P.C. 6648}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2018-01-22 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2328 Robeson (1972 HW) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002328 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 27 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2328) Robeson |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 190 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2329 |chapter = (2328) Robeson }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 2328 Robeson (1972 HW) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2328 |accessdate = 27 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 27 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 2328 Robeson – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=2328 |access-date= 29 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 2328 |accessdate = 27 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= free }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=2328 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |s2cid = 46350317 |access-date= 27 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522 |s2cid = 9341381 |access-date= 27 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Higgins-2007e">{{Cite journal |first1 = David |last1 = Higgins |first2 = Julian |last2 = Oey |date = September 2007 |title = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Hunters Hill Observatory and Collaborating Stations - December 2006 - April 2007 |url = https://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2007MPBu...34...79H |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 34 |issue = 3 |pages = 79–80 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2007MPBu...34...79H |access-date= 27 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 27 March 2018}}</ref>
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== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|2328}} * {{JPL small body}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Robeson}} 002328 Category:Discoveries by Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova Category:Named minor planets 002328 19720419 Category:Paul Robeson