Deep Depression ARB 02 (2008)

{{Short description|North Indian cyclone in 2008}} {{Infobox weather event | name = Deep Depression ARB 02 2008 Yemen cyclone | image = TC03A2008.jpg | caption = Deep Depression ARB 02 | formed = 19 October 2008 | dissipated = 23 October 2008 }}{{Infobox weather event/IMD | winds = 30 | pressure = 1000 }}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC | winds = 30 | pressure = 1000 }}{{Infobox weather event/Effects | fatalities = 180 | year = 2008 | damage = 1638000000 | areas = [[Yemen]], [[Somalia]] }}{{Infobox weather event/Footer | season = [[2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]] }}'''Deep Depression ARB 02''' was a weak yet costly [[tropical cyclone]] which caused extensive damage and loss of life in [[Yemen]]. The sixth tropical cyclone and third deep depression of the [[2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]], ARB 02 formed in the Arabian Sea on October 19 from the same broader system which would spawn [[2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season#Moderate Tropical Storm Asma|Moderate Tropical Storm Asma]] in the southern Indian Ocean around that time. Moving generally westward, the depression failed to intensify further, reaching [[maximum sustained wind]]s of {{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}. It would weaken, becoming a remnant low on October 23. Later that day, the system's remnants would make landfall near [[Ash Shihr]] in eastern Yemen.

The storm sent a plume of moisture throughout the Arabian Peninsula, contributing to dust storms as far north as [[Iraq]]. However, the effects were most severe in Yemen, becoming the second-worst natural disaster in the country after [[1996 Oman cyclone|deadly floods in 1996]]. The storm dropped heavy rainfall in a normally arid region, reaching around {{convert|91|mm|in|abbr=on}}, which caused [[flash flood]]ing in valleys after waterways were unable to contain the approximately 2 billion [[Cubic metre|m3]] (528 billion gallons) of water that fell. Poor drainage practices and an invasive species of weed contributed to the floods, which damaged or destroyed 6,505 houses, leaving about 25,000 people homeless. The floods killed 180 people and severely disrupted the livelihoods of about 700,000 residents of [[Hadhramaut Governorate|Hadhramaut]] and [[Al Mahrah Governorate|Al Mahrah]] [[Governorates of Yemen|governorates]], mostly farmers whose fields were washed away. Some of the buildings at the [[Shibam]] [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] collapsed due to the floods. Overall damage was estimated at US$874.8 million, although residual losses from damaged infrastructure were estimated to cost an additional US$726.9 million. The overall economic impact of the storm was therefore estimated at US$1.638 billion, equating to roughly 6% of the country's [[gross domestic product]].

After the scale of the damage became clear, the government of Yemen requested for assistance from the international community. The hardest hit areas had poor infrastructure, which caused difficulties in communications as relief goods were distributed. Nations in the region, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, sent money and supplies to help rebuild the damaged infrastructure and houses. Agencies under the [[United Nations]] provided food and logistical support. Relief efforts continued to make progress until 2011 due to a [[Yemeni Revolution|political uprising]] in Yemen.

==Meteorological history== {{storm path|Cyclone_03A_2008_track.png}} On October 11, an active phase of the [[Madden–Julian oscillation]], in conjunction with an [[westerly wind burst|equatorial wind burst]], produced twin areas of convection in the central [[Indian Ocean]] on both sides of the equator. The system in the southern hemisphere would become [[Tropical Storm Asma]] in the south-west Indian Ocean, and the system in the northern hemisphere would ultimately strike Yemen.<ref>{{cite report|title=Cyclone Season 2008–2009|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/archives/publications/data/cSaisoncyclonique20082009.pdf|work=RSMC La Réunion|publisher=Météo-France|access-date=April 1, 2016}}</ref> The northern hemisphere system originated in the [[Bay of Bengal]], and moved westward for much of its duration,<ref name="gp">{{cite web|author=Gary Padgett|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary October 2008|date=January 19, 2009|access-date=April 1, 2016|url=http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2009/summ0810.htm}}</ref> steered by a [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] to the north along 15º N. On October 16, a [[low-pressure area]] developed over southern India near [[Kanyakumari]]. With low [[wind shear]] and warm waters of {{convert|27|to|28|C|F|abbr=on}}, the system slowly organized. On October 19, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) classified the low as a depression about 725 km (450 mi) southeast of the [[Yemen]]i island of [[Socotra]]. By that time, the convection had organized more, although it was displaced slightly from the center due to stronger wind shear.<ref name="imd">{{cite report|publisher=India Meteorological Department|access-date=April 1, 2016|date=January 2009|title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2008|url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/annual-rsmc-report/rsmc-2008.pdf}}</ref>

The convection persisted along the western periphery of an elongated center, organizing enough for the American-based [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) to issue warnings on the depression on October 20,<ref name="gp"/> designating it Tropical Cyclone 03A.<ref name="atcr">{{cite report|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|page=52|title=2011 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report|year=2009|access-date=April 1, 2016|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2008atcr.pdf|archive-date=February 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221071442/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2008atcr.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> With marginally favorable conditions, the depression intensified slightly, and the IMD upgraded it to a {{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} deep depression on October 21,<ref name="imd"/> the same peak as the JTWC.<ref name="atcr"/> That day, the system moved over Socotra as it reached an area of cooler water temperatures. Land interaction and dry air weakened the convection around the system as it approached the [[Gulf of Aden]]. The IMD downgraded the cyclone to depression status on October 22.<ref name="imd"/> On the next day, the JTWC discontinued advisories,<ref name="gp"/> and the IMD downgraded the system further to a remnant low to the northeast of [[Cape Guardafui]], [[Somalia]].<ref name="imd"/> The JTWC continued tracking the system as it moved northwestward, and the circulation made [[landfall]] near [[Ash Shihr]] in southeastern Yemen late on October 23, losing its identity shortly thereafter.<ref name="atcr"/>

==Impact== [[File:2008 Yemen rainfall totals 03B.jpg|right|thumb|Estimated rainfall from the storm]] Moving ashore southeastern Yemen, the storm dropped heavy rainfall in the typically arid region, reaching {{convert|91|mm|in|abbr=on}} in some areas,<ref name="ifpri"/> and possibly as high as {{convert|8|in|mm|abbr=on|order=flip}},<ref name="accu"/> over a 20,000  km2 (7,700 mi2) area.<ref name="pdf">{{cite report|title=Climate Change and Risk Reduction: Impacts and Adaptation In The Republic of Yemen|date=November 2009|author=Hussien Al-Gunied|access-date=May 4, 2016|publisher=Prevention Web|url=http://www.preventionweb.net/files/11716_22Nov0904HussienAlGunied.pdf}}</ref> This equated to about 2 billion [[Cubic metre|m3]] (528 billion gallons) of water, more than twice the capacity of most waterways.<ref name="irin412">{{cite news|agency=IRIN|title=Yemen: Fears of flood-affected farmers abandoning agriculture|date=April 12, 2009|access-date=May 16, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-fears-flood-affected-farmers-abandoning-agriculture}}</ref> The thunderstorms and rainfall occurred over a 30‑hour period, severely disrupting life in eastern Yemen.<ref name="dh1026">{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24551718-663,00.html |title=Tropical storm lashes Yemen |date=October 26, 2008 |work=Herald Sun |access-date=May 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029125250/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0%2C21985%2C24551718-663%2C00.html |archive-date=October 29, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The precipitation coalesced into valleys, resulting in [[flash flood]]ing that swelled water levels to {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="ifpri"/> Hundreds of residents became trapped in their homes, while businesses and schools were shut down.<ref name="dh1026"/> The storm sent a plume of moisture that spread into Saudi Arabia, reaching {{convert|2.9|in|abbr=on|order=flip}} in [[Najran]], and was drawn northward into Iraq by a trough over [[Syria]], triggering dust storms.<ref name="accu">{{cite web|author=Jim Andrews |title=03B Floods Yemen; Bay of Bengal Cyclone Watch |publisher=[[AccuWeather]] |url=http://www.accuweather.com/mt-news-blogs.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&blog=Andrews&pgurl=/mtweb/content/Andrews/archives/2008/10/03b_floods_yemen_sends_moisture_north_to_iraq.asp |date=October 25, 2008 |access-date=May 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026185459/http://www.accuweather.com/mt-news-blogs.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&blog=andrews&pgurl=%2Fmtweb%2Fcontent%2Fandrews%2Farchives%2F2008%2F10%2F03b_floods_yemen_sends_moisture_north_to_iraq.asp |archive-date=October 26, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A representative of [[UNICEF]] estimated that the magnitude of the flooding was the worst in 600 years, attributing the scope to [[climate change]]. The areas effected – primarily [[Hadhramaut Governorate|Hadhramaut]] and [[Al Mahrah Governorate|Al Mahrah]] [[Governorates of Yemen|governorates]] – are usually dry and unsuited for such flooding.<ref name="unicef">{{cite report|title=Tens of thousands displaced by flooding after a rare tropical storm hits Yemen|date=November 5, 2008|access-date=May 2, 2016|publisher=UNICEF|url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/yemen_46261.html|archive-date=April 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414173028/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/yemen_46261.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> This resulted in the second worst natural disaster on record in Yemen, following [[1996 Oman cyclone|deadly floods in 1996]].<ref name="rw1115">{{cite news|title=Tropical Cyclone Chapala 28 October 2015 – 4 November 2015|publisher=ReliefWeb|agency=Desert Locust Information Service|author=Keith Cressman|work=Food and Agriculture Organization|access-date=January 14, 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/1511_chapalaE.pdf}}</ref> Overall, the floods killed around 180 people in Yemen,<ref name="who1028">{{cite web|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/EGUA-7KUL5K?OpenDocument|title=Dozens killed by floods in Yemen|work=World Health Organization|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=October 28, 2008|access-date=May 2, 2016}}</ref> with many corpses carried away by the deluge.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Dartmouth Flood Observatory|title=2008 Summary|access-date=May 4, 2016|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/Archives/2008sum.htm|archive-date=August 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827194217/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/Archives/2008sum.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Illegal alterations in canal and drainage systems caused the floods to impact many houses and buildings,<ref name="wb"/> and the governor of Hadhramaut credited the [[invasive species|invasive]] ''[[Prosopis juliflora]]'' weed as exasperating floods after blocking waterways.<ref>{{cite news|date=December 8, 2008|agency=IRIN|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=May 16, 2016|title=Yemen: Invasive shrub blamed for exacerbating recent floods|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-invasive-shrub-blamed-exacerbating-recent-floods}}</ref> Throughout the country, the floods destroyed 2,826 houses and damaged another 3,679, leaving about 25,000 people homeless;<ref name="wb"/> many of these houses were made of mud,<ref name="who1028"/> washed away by the floodwaters.<ref name="unicef"/> The displaced utilized temporary shelters in mosques and schools, or stayed with family and friends.<ref name="wb"/> Damage to housing, hospitals, and education was estimated at $200 million.<ref name="wb"/> The [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] at [[Shibam]] – dating back to the 3rd century and housing tall mud buildings from the 17th century – was surrounded by floodwaters,<ref name="AFP"/> causing some of the dwellings to collapse.<ref>{{cite news|author=Atlas Obscura|date=June 4, 2013|title=The Mud Skyscrapers of Shibam, the "Manhattan of the Desert"|publisher=Slate.com|access-date=May 2, 2016|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2013/06/04/the_mud_skyscrapers_of_the_walled_city_of_shibam_yemen_known_as_the_manhattan.html}}</ref> Businesses and other infrastructure projects were also destroyed.<ref name="AFP">{{cite news|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hIlZj4QqxC5Ruc0L7BrDmmPkEqFg|title=More than 60 killed in fierce Yemen storms|agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|date=October 25, 2008|access-date=May 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031145619/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hIlZj4QqxC5Ruc0L7BrDmmPkEqFg|archive-date=2008-10-31|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Infrastructure damage was estimated at $113 million (2008 [[United States dollar|USD]]), most of which related to damaged roads,<ref name="wb"/> after thoroughfares were washed away.<ref name="who1028"/> At the [[Sayun Airport]], floods damaged runways and other facilities.<ref name="wb"/> 359 dams were damaged, alongside 65 reservoirs. Widespread irrigation systems were also damaged, including {{convert|117875|m|ft|abbr=on}} of pipelines, 1,241 wells, and 1,229 water pumps.<ref name="pdf"/> Electricity and telephone lines were disrupted in the region.<ref name="Xin"/> The floods damaged 170 schools, as well as many health facilities.<ref name="wfp89">{{cite report|page=82|access-date=May 4, 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/8ADFA0728094617C85257633006659D7-Full_Report.pdf|date=August 2009|title=Yemen: Secondary Data Analysis on Food Security and Vulnerability|author=Wiebke Förch|publisher=ReliefWeb|work=World Food Programme}}</ref> Along the coast, the storm damaged many fishing boats and equipment.<ref name="ifpri"/> In Al Mahrah Governorate, the storm washed a cargo ship ashore, although the 17 person crew was rescued.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2008/10/2008102665537762169.html|title=More deaths feared in Yemen floods|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|date=October 26, 2008|access-date=May 2, 2016| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081027014017/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2008/10/2008102665537762169.html| archive-date= October 27, 2008| url-status= live}}</ref>

[[Image:Hadramaut_in_Yemen.svg|thumb|left|alt=Map of Hadhramaut Governorate|The [[Hadhramaut Governorate]] was the worst affected<ref name="Xin"/>]] Agriculture impacts were significant, estimated at $550 million,<ref name="wb"/> which affected 75% of the farmers in Hadhramaut.<ref name="wfp89"/> Soil erosion from the floods damaged {{convert|22902|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of farmlands, as well as {{convert|51455|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of uncultivated lands.<ref name="wb"/> This mostly affected cereals, vegetables, and [[forage]] crops.<ref name="pdf"/> Floods killed about 58,500 livestock and wrecked 309,103 beehives.<ref name="wb"/> The storm also knocked down 547,185 [[palm tree]]s, 16,587 citrus trees, and another 161,449 fruit trees.<ref name="pdf"/> Despite the heavy agriculture damage, the floods did not disrupt the national food supply.<ref name="wb"/>

The effects of the flooding disrupted the livelihoods of about 700,000 residents; most of the storm's damage affected people's jobs, including farming, industry, and commerce, totaling $557.3 million in damages. About 76% of the overall effects of the flooding were the result of disruption of people's jobs. Overall damage was estimated at $874.8 million, although residual losses from damaged infrastructure were estimated to cost an additional $726.9 million. The overall economic impact of the storm was therefore estimated at $1.638 billion, equating to roughly 6% of the country's [[gross domestic product]]. Damage was heaviest in Hadhramaut Governorate, accounting for 67.5% of the material damages, and occurred mostly along the coast; 16 of the 19 districts in the governorate reported damage.<ref name="wb"/> Also in Hadramaut, there were 57 people injured due to the storm.<ref name="rc"/> The government sent search and rescue teams into the flooded areas to help stranded residents, although strong winds in the region disrupted these efforts in the immediate aftermath.<ref name="AFP"/> In [[Seiyun]], six soldiers died while attempting to rescue trapped residents.<ref name="dh1026"/> Lightning strikes killed six people.<ref name="AFP"/>

==Aftermath== {{Quote box|align=right|width=30%|quote="The damages... are great and the catastrophe is also great."|source=Then-Yemeni [[President of Yemen|president]] [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]]<ref name="Xin"/>}} On October 27, the Yemen government requested assistance from the international community, unable to provide disaster assessments or cope with the rebuilding. The storm affected areas of Yemen that already had poor infrastructure and lack of food, and were generally under a state of political unrest, which made recovery difficult.<ref name="wb"/> In some areas, relief distribution was duplicated due to lack of coordination while some areas did not receive help.<ref>{{cite news|date=November 18, 2008|title=Yemen: Mistakes made in relief distribution|agency=IRIN|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=May 16, 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-mistakes-made-relief-distribution}}</ref> Yemen's Deputy Prime Minister for Internal Affairs coordinated the relief efforts, in conjunction with the governors of the most affected areas. The government focused on streamlining disaster activities and toward future mitigation. However, there was no coordinated disaster plan as of September 2009, and the scale of the disaster proved too great for ministries to handle. The Ministry of Public Works helped reopen roads, which allowed for the transport of relief goods, and the damaged Sayun Airport was repaired to withstand future floods.<ref name="wb"/> By December 2008, most roads, power systems, hospitals, and communication services were restored.<ref name="rw75"/> The government also enacted the Fund for Hadramout and Al-Mahara Reconstruction, which failed to promptly distribute aid assistance.<ref name="wb"/>

In addition to requesting international aid, the Yemen government declared Hadhramaut and Al Mahrah governorates as disaster areas,<ref name="wb"/> after then-president [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]] surveyed the affected areas. The president also utilized the nation's military to assist storm victims,<ref name="Xin">{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/26/content_10252296.htm|title=At least 58 killed in Yemen floods|date=October 26, 2008|agency=Xinhua|access-date=May 2, 2016| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081028141615/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/26/content_10252296.htm| archive-date= October 28, 2008| url-status= dead}}</ref> and sent aircraft with tents, food, and medicine to the worst hit areas.<ref name="AFP"/> To raise money for the disaster recovery, the Yemeni government cut one day of salary for all workers, equating to $4.25 million, and the government provided another $100 million from its annual budget. Local charities and residents collectively raised $8.5 million.<ref name="wb"/> Yemen's Red Cross provided meals and water to about 21,000 people. The agency also provided school kits for 4,500 students whose facilities were damaged.<ref name="rc">{{cite news|date=March 2, 2010|title=Yemen: Flash Floods|publisher=ReliefWeb|agency=International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|access-date=May 4, 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AFACDE2436A4C9D9C12576DA004B50DA-Full_Report.pdf}}</ref> Ultimately, the Red Cross assisted over 70,000 storm victims through health programs,<ref>{{cite report|title=Programme Update|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/22AF8F371DAAFCD54925762300043F7C-Full_Report.pdf|date=August 30, 2009|access-date=May 4, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|work=International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement}}</ref> and also helped residents cope with stress, hygiene promotion, and other ongoing vulnerabilities to their livelihoods.<ref name="rw75">{{cite report|title=Yemen: Flash Floods|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/C2F0B81EB7BEE6DD492575EB001A13C6-Full_Report.pdf|date=July 5, 2009|access-date=May 16, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|work=International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement}}</ref>

Various agencies under the [[United Nations]] assisted in the recovery;<ref name="wb"/> the World Health Organization provided medical kits to the worst hit areas, capable of helping 10,000 residents each for three months.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=United Nations News Centre|title=UN rushing aid to Yemen after severe flooding displaces 10,000|date=October 28, 2008|access-date=May 2, 2016|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28736&Cr=Yemen&Cr1=}}</ref> The [[United Nations Development Programme]] helped house displaced storm victims, and many of the mud-built houses were repaired with the same construction materials as before. The [[World Bank]] led the assessment efforts, estimating the cost of recovery at $1.046 billion, mostly toward rebuilding houses, regrowing crops, and restoring social services. The World Bank also provided $41 million toward the Yemen Flood Protection and Emergency Reconstruction, which rebuilt vital infrastructure and ensured they were flood-proof.<ref name="wb"/> The [[World Food Programme]] assisted 43,000 people with food and other emergency supplies.<ref>{{cite report|title=Drought and floods in Yemen affect food security|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/drought-and-floods-yemen-affect-food-security|date=August 26, 2009|access-date=May 16, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|work=Yemen Times}}</ref> The [[Organisation of the Islamic Conference]] declared the situation a "national catastrophe" and started a drive to collect funds for the relief of flood victims.<ref name="AFP"/> At an international donor conference, various individuals and countries pledged $301 million to help with the reconstruction in the country.<ref name="wb"/> Arab nations in the region also donated cash and supplies to Yemen;<ref name="who1028"/> Saudi Arabia pledged $100 million in assistance.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSLS392519._CH_.2400 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106122116/http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSLS392519._CH_.2400 | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 6, 2008 | work=Reuters | title=About 180 dead or missing after floods in Yemen | first=Jonathan | last=Lynn | date=October 28, 2008| access-date=May 2, 2016}}</ref> The [[United Arab Emirates]] Red Crescent assisted in the reconstruction work, sending $27.3 million to rebuild 1,000 houses;<ref name="wb"/> 750 of these were completed by December 2009.<ref>{{cite news|date=December 7, 2009|agency=Emirates News Agency|publisher=ReliefWeb|title=RCA takes delivery of lands for Khalifa housing city in Yemen|access-date=May 4, 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/rca-takes-delivery-lands-khalifa-housing-city-yemen}}</ref> The [[Arab Monetary Fund|Arab Fund]] sent $135 million, including $35 million for road reconstruction.<ref name="wb"/> The Japanese government provided funding toward building shelter for 700 displaced [[Al-Akhdam]] people, designed to be away from the flood plain.<ref>{{cite news|agency=IRIN|publisher=ReliefWeb|title=Yemen: Marginalised community gets flood relief aid|date=May 24, 2009|access-date=May 16, 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-marginalised-community-gets-flood-relief-aid}}</ref> Access to clean drinking water and proper shelter for the displaced helped mitigate the spread of disease. For many families, the effects of the disaster lasted several years due to insufficient assistance or disrupted jobs.<ref name="wfp89"/> By 2010, about 40% of the overall recovery cost was met by international donations, although funding was halted after [[Yemeni Revolution|political uprising]] in 2011.<ref name="wb">{{cite report|date=August 2014|url=https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/files/Yemen_August2014.pdf|title=Tropical Storm, October 2008: Recovery Framework Case Study|work=Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery|access-date=April 2, 2016|publisher=World Bank|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506061412/https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/files/Yemen_August2014.pdf|archive-date=2015-05-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Over the long term, residents lost significant amounts of income in the storm-affected areas, particularly farms in the year after the storm. Higher [[food prices]] also resulted in less income for other residents. The area's economy largely recovered to pre-flood levels by 2010.<ref name="ifpri">{{cite report|title=Climate Change and Floods in Yemen|work= International Food Policy Research Institute|date=December 2011|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=May 2, 2016|author=Manfred Wiebelt|author2=Clemens Breisinger|author3=Olivier Ecker|author4=Perrihan Al-Riffai|author5=Richard Robertson|author6=Rainer Thiele|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ifpridp01139.pdf}}</ref>

==See also== {{portal|Tropical cyclones}} *[[List of Arabian Peninsula tropical cyclones]] *[[1996 Oman cyclone]] – deadly tropical storm that became the costliest disaster on record in Yemen *[[2002 Oman cyclone]] – another storm that struck the Arabian Peninsula originating alongside a storm in the southern hemisphere *[[Cyclone Keila]] – slow-moving storm in 2011 that caused flooding in Oman and Yemen *[[Cyclone Chapala]] – Another powerful storm that made landfall in Yemen in 2015 *[[Cyclone Megh]] – A storm that impacted Yemen soon after Cyclone Chapala

==References== {{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:2008 in Yemen|Floods]] [[Category:2008 floods in Asia|Yemen floods]] [[Category:2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|Yemen Cyclone, 2008]] [[Category:Natural disasters in Yemen]] [[Category:Deep depressions]] [[Category:Tropical cyclones in Yemen]] [[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2008|2008 Yemen cyclone]]