{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> {{Infobox election | election_name = 2000 Spanish general election | country = Spain | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = 1996 Spanish general election | previous_year = 1996 | next_election = 2004 Spanish general election | next_year = 2004 | outgoing_members = | elected_members = | seats_for_election = All 350 seats in the [[Congress of Deputies]] and 208 (of 259) seats in the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]]<br/>176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies | opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2000 Spanish general election | registered = 33,969,640 {{increase|size=10px}} 4.4% | turnout = 23,339,490 (68.7%)<br/>{{decrease|size=10px}} 8.7 [[Percentage point|pp]] | election_date = 12 March 2000
<!-- PP --> | image1 = [[File:José María Aznar 1999 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]] | leader1 = [[José María Aznar]] | party1 = People's Party (Spain) | leader_since1 = 2 September 1989 | leaders_seat1 = [[Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Madrid]] | last_election1 = 156 seats, 38.8% | seats1 = 183 | seat_change1 = {{increase|size=10px}} 27 | popular_vote1 = 10,321,178 | percentage1 = 44.5% | swing1 = {{increase|size=10px}} 5.7 [[Percentage point|pp]]
<!-- PSOE–p --> | image2 = [[File:Joaquin Almunia 2002 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]] | leader2 = [[Joaquín Almunia]] | party2 = [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|p]] | colour2 = EF1C27 | leader_since2 = [[1997 PSOE federal party congress|21 June 1997]] | leaders_seat2 = [[Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Madrid]] | last_election2 = 141 seats, 37.6% | seats2 = 125 | seat_change2 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 16 | popular_vote2 = 7,918,752 | percentage2 = 34.2% | swing2 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 3.4 [[Percentage point|pp]]
<!-- CiU --> | image3 = [[File:Xavier Trias 2011 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]] | leader3 = [[Xavier Trias]] | party3 = Convergence and Union | leader_since3 = 20 August 1999 | leaders_seat3 = [[Barcelona (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Barcelona]] | last_election3 = 16 seats, 4.6% | seats3 = 15 | seat_change3 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 1 | popular_vote3 = 970,421 | percentage3 = 4.2% | swing3 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 0.4 [[Percentage point|pp]]
<!-- IU --> | image4 = [[File:Francisco Frutos 2005 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]] | leader4 = [[Francisco Frutos]] | party4 = United Left (Spain) | leader_since4 = 7 December 1998 | leaders_seat4 = [[Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Madrid]] | last_election4 = 19 seats, 9.4%{{efn|name="IU"|Results for [[United Left (Spain)|IU]] in the 1996 Congress election, not including [[Initiative for Catalonia|IC]]–[[The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia|EV]].}} | seats4 = 8 | seat_change4 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 11 | popular_vote4 = 1,263,043 | percentage4 = 5.4% | swing4 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 3.9 [[Percentage point|pp]]
<!-- EAJ/PNV --> | image5 = [[File:2007 02 Inaki Anasagasti-2.jpg|170x170px]] | leader5 = [[Iñaki Anasagasti]] | party5 = Basque Nationalist Party | leader_since5 = 1986 | leaders_seat5 = [[Biscay (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Biscay]] | last_election5 = 5 seats, 1.3% | seats5 = 7 | seat_change5 = {{increase|size=10px}} 2 | popular_vote5 = 353,953 | percentage5 = 1.5% | swing5 = {{increase|size=10px}} 0.2 [[Percentage point|pp]]
<!-- CC --> | image6 = [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|170x170px]] | leader6 = [[José Carlos Mauricio]] | party6 = Canarian Coalition | leader_since6 = 1996 | leaders_seat6 = [[Las Palmas (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Las Palmas]] | last_election6 = 4 seats, 0.9% | seats6 = 4 | seat_change6 = {{steady|size=10px}} 0 | popular_vote6 = 248,261 | percentage6 = 1.1% | swing6 = {{increase|size=10px}} 0.2 [[Percentage point|pp]]
<!-- map --> | map = {{Switcher | [[File:2000 Spanish election - Results.svg|x315px|Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by constituency]] | Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress) | [[File:2000 Spanish election - AC results.svg|x315px|Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by autonomous community]] | Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress) | [[File:2000 Spanish general election map.svg|x315px|Map of Spain showcasing seat distribution by Congress of Deputies constituency]] | Election results by constituency (Congress) }}
<!-- bottom --> | title = [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] | posttitle = Prime Minister after election | before_election = [[José María Aznar]] | before_party = People's Party (Spain) | after_election = [[José María Aznar]] | after_party = People's Party (Spain) }} A [[General elections in Spain|general election]] was held in [[Spain]] on 12 March 2000 to elect the members of the 7th {{lang|es|[[Cortes Generales]]|italic=no}} under the [[Spanish Constitution of 1978]]. All 350 seats in the [[Congress of Deputies]] were up for election, as well as 208 of 259 seats in the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]]. It was held concurrently with a [[2000 Andalusian regional election|regional election in Andalusia]]. At four years since the previous one, the 2000 election ended the longest legislative period up to that point since the [[Spanish transition to democracy]].<ref name="EP170100"/>
The incumbent [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) of [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] [[José María Aznar]] had been able to access power (for the first time since the [[Spanish transition to democracy]]) through the [[Majestic Pact]] in 1996 with [[peripheral nationalist]] parties, namely: [[Convergence and Union]] (CiU), the [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (PNV) and [[Canarian Coalition]] (CC). In that period, [[First government of José María Aznar|Aznar's cabinet]] presided over an [[Economic history of Spain#Boom (1997–2007)|economic boom]]—together with a [[privatization]] of [[state-owned companies]]—a reduction in [[Unemployment in Spain|unemployment]] and the introduction of the [[euro]], as well as increasing public outcry at the [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA group]]'s [[List of ETA attacks|terrorist activity]] (reaching its peak with the killing of [[Miguel Ángel Blanco]] in 1997), and an early social response to growing [[immigration to Spain]], with the [[2000 El Ejido riots|El Ejido riots in February 2000]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Gooch |first=Adela |date=14 February 2000 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/feb/14/2 |title=Uneasy truce as Spain reels from racial unrest |language=en |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=El Ejido |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref> The opposition was divided, with the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) looking for stable leadership after the farewell of [[Felipe González]] at the [[1997 PSOE federal party congress|1997 party's congress]], and a period of ''[[duumvirate]]'' between his successor, [[Joaquín Almunia]], and prime ministerial nominee [[Josep Borrell]] (elected through [[1998 PSOE prime ministerial primary|primaries]]), until the latter's sudden resignation in May 1999. [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] (IU) descended into internal infighting and saw a number of splits, including that of [[Initiative for Catalonia]] (IC).
The election saw the PP securing an unexpected [[absolute majority]] in the [[Congress of Deputies]], obtaining 183 out of 350 seats and increasing its margin of victory with the PSOE.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 March 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/03/13/espana/952902015_850215.html |title=El PP saca 2,4 millones de votos de ventaja a un PSOE en fuerte retroceso |language=es |newspaper=[[El País]] |location=Madrid |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> A pre-election agreement between the PSOE and IU was unsuccessful, with such alliance being said to prompt [[tactical voting]] for Aznar, who also benefited from a moderate stance during his tenure.<ref>{{cite news |last=Prieto |first=Joaquín |date=13 March 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/03/13/espana/952902014_850215.html |title=Aznar consigue una histórica mayoría absoluta |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> Almunia announced his resignation immediately after results were known, triggering a [[2000 PSOE federal party congress|leadership election]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=13 March 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/03/13/espana/952902020_850215.html |title=Joaquín Almunia asume la derrota y dimite |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> Regional and peripheral nationalist parties improved their results, except for CiU—which had been in electoral decline for a decade following its support to Spanish ruling parties—and the [[abertzale left]]-supported [[Euskal Herritarrok]] (EH), which urged its voters in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] and [[Navarre]] to [[election boycott|boycott the election]]. The PNV benefitted from EH's absence and gained two seats, whereas both CC and the [[Galician Nationalist Bloc]] had strong showings in their respective regions. IC clung on to parliamentary representation but suffered from the electoral competition with [[United and Alternative Left]], IU's newly-founded regional branch in [[Catalonia]], which failed to secure any seat. This would be the only general election in which both parties would run separately.
This marked the first time that the PP secured a nationwide absolute majority, its best result in both popular vote share and seats up until then (only exceeded in [[2011 Spanish general election|2011]]), as well as the first time that PP results exceeded the combined totals for PSOE and IU. In contrast, the PSOE got its worst election result in 21 years. This was the second time a party received more than 10 million votes, the previous one being in [[1982 Spanish general election|1982]]. [[Voter turnout]] was one of the lowest for Spanish election standards up to that time, with only 68.7% of the electorate casting a vote.
==Background== {{See also|1996 Spanish government formation|Premiership of José María Aznar}} On 5 May 1996, [[José María Aznar]] from the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) was able to form the [[First government of José María Aznar|first centre-right government]] in [[Spain]] since 1982 through [[confidence and supply]] agreements with [[Convergence and Union]] (CiU),<ref>{{cite news |date=27 April 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/04/27/portada/830556004_850215.html |title=PP y CiU cierran el pacto para que Aznar sea investido como jefe del Gobierno |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> the [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (PNV),<ref>{{cite news |date=30 April 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/04/30/portada/830815201_850215.html |title=Aznar pacta con el PNV y logra el apoyo de todo el centro derecha a su investidura |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> and [[Canarian Coalition]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first=Luis |date=2 April 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/04/02/espana/828396004_850215.html |title=Aznar se asegura los cuatro votos de Coalición Canaria a cambio de concesiones autonómicas |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> in what came to be coined as the [[Majestic Pact]].<ref>{{cite news |date=5 May 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/05/05/espana/831247229_850215.html |title=Aznar, investido presidente, lleva al Gobierno al PP |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> The relationship between the PP and its parliamentary allies became a focus of political interest due to its importance to government stability, the previous animosity between the PP and [[peripheral nationalism]] (particularly CiU and PNV) and diverging stances over the degree of [[devolution]] to be awarded to [[autonomous communities]].<ref>{{cite news |date=28 December 1996 |title=Aznar y Pujol se reúnen por sorpresa para analizar el cumplimiento de los pactos |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/12/28/espana/851727617_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid / Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mauri |first=Luis |date=15 May 1997 |title=Pujol admite el mal momento de sus relaciones con el PP, pero opta por seguir negociando con el Gobierno |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/22/espana/864252007_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref>
The new government focused its economic efforts on meeting the [[Maastricht criteria]] by reducing [[inflation]], [[public debt]] and [[budget deficit]], while reactivating the [[private sector]] through [[orthodox economics]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://humanidades.com/espana-democratica/ |title=España democrática. Los gobiernos de José María Aznar (1996-2004) |language=es |publisher=Enciclopedia Humanidades |access-date=18 March 2025 |quote="Aznar centró sus esfuerzos en implementar una política económica ortodoxa que redujera el déficit público y reactivara la actividad económica privada. El gran objetivo era cumplir los criterios de convergencia establecidos en el Tratado de Maastricht de 1992 (límites a la tasa de inflación, la deuda pública y el déficit fiscal) que, una vez alcanzados, permitirían a España unirse a la nueva moneda europea: el euro."}}</ref> In order to achieve this, it debuted by approving a package of spending cuts and a freeze on [[civil servant]]s' wages for 1997,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rivera |first1=Jorge |last2=Parra |first2=Carmen |date=7 May 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/05/07/espana/831420021_850215.html |title=El Gobierno de Aznar se estrena con recortes presupuestarisos y llamadas al diálogo social |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2 August 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/08/02/economia/838936822_850215.html |title=Aznar asegura que se congelarán los sueldos de los funcionarios |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> followed by the [[Economic liberalization|liberalization]] of key sectors (with the approval of new laws on the [[telecommunications industry]] and the [[property market]])<ref>{{cite news |last=Prada |first=Paulo |date=28 October 1996 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB846446828542437500 |title=Spain Moves to Speed Pace Of Telecom Liberalization |language=en |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Vitzthum |first=Carlta |date=20 February 1997 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB8563883395635500 |title=Spain's Liberalization Plan Targets Key Economic Areas |language=en |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> and the [[privatization]] of [[state-owned companies]] (such [[Telefónica]], [[Tabacalera]], [[Endesa]] and [[Repsol]]).{{sfn|Sangrador-Vegas|2020}}<ref>{{cite news |last=García Reche |first=Andrés |date=13 November 2024 |url=https://agendapublica.es/noticia/19456/debate-nunca-tuvimos-se-privatizaron-empresas-estrat-gicas-espana |title=El debate que nunca tuvimos: ¿cómo se privatizaron las empresas estratégicas en España? |language=es |publisher=Agenda Pública |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> The government also sought a deal with [[employers' organization]]s and [[trade union]]s to pass a [[labour market]] reform that introduced incentives for [[open-ended contract]]s in exchange for reduced [[severance payment]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parra |first=Carmen |date=9 April 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/09/economia/860536821_850215.html |title=Patronal y sindicatos sellan la reforma laboral |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Parra |first=Carmen |date=9 April 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/09/economia/860536819_850215.html |title=Empleo estable y despido más barato |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> This allowed Spain to join the new European single currency (the [[euro]]) in 1999.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 January 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/01/02/portada/915231601_850215.html |title=España se incorpora al euro con el reto de igualar la renta media de la UE |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
The implementation of Aznar's economic programme saw a decrease in [[Unemployment in Spain|unemployment]] and the [[Madrid Stock Exchange]] reaching record highs.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parra |first=Carmen |date=13 January 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/01/13/economia/916182001_850215.html |title=El paro se redujo en 289.967 personas en 1998 y en 818.367 en los cuatro últimos años |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=[[EFE]] |date=26 November 1999 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/1999/noviembre/26/economia/bolsa.html |title=La Bolsa de Madrid y el Ibex-35 registran sendos máximos históricos |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> This buoyancy was dubbed an "economic miracle" and served as a platform for Aznar to coin the slogan ''España va bien'' (Spanish for "Spain is doing well"),<ref>{{cite news |date=25 February 1999 |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/1999/02/25/image-making |title=Image-making |language=en |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 March 2019 |url=https://www.lasexta.com/programas/donde-estabas-entonces/mejores-momentos/espana-va-bien-asi-defendia-aznar-en-espana-y-el-resto-del-mundo-el-milagro-economico-de-rodrigo-rato-video_201903075c819b7e0cf2ca0a0426f453.html |title="España va bien": así defendía Aznar en España y el resto del mundo el milagro económico de Rodrigo Rato |language=es |newspaper=[[laSexta]] |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> though these years would see the start of a [[Spanish property bubble|property bubble]] with a rapid increase in [[real estate]] prices.{{sfn|Sangrador-Vegas|2020}}<ref>{{cite news |date=18 May 2012 |title=Spanish economy: What is to blame for its problems? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-17753891 |language=en |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> This period also saw the emergence in Spain of social issues such as [[gender-based violence]] (following the murder of [[Ana Orantes]])<ref>{{cite news |last=Minder |first=Raphael |date=15 January 2020 |title=Overlooked No More: Ana Orantes, Whose Gruesome Murder Brought Change to Spain |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/15/obituaries/ana-orantes-overlooked.html |language=en |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref> and [[Euthanasia in Spain|euthanasia]] (a result of the taped suicide of [[Ramón Sampedro]]).<ref>{{cite news |date=9 March 1998 |title=A Suicide Tape on TV Inflames the Issue in Spain |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/09/world/a-suicide-tape-on-tv-inflames-the-issue-in-spain.html |language=en |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref> [[Immigration to Spain|Immigration]] was an issue,{{sfn|Sangrador-Vegas|2020}} with a government's attempt to tighten conditions for [[illegal immigrants]] backfiring after the parliamentary opposition united to approve a new Aliens Law, regarded as respectful of migrants' rights.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Elordi Cué |first1=Carlos |last2=Duva |first2=Jesús |date=5 August 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/05/espana/933804018_850215.html |title=Gobierno y oposición quieren que la nueva Ley de Extranjería se apruebe antes de fin de año |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Elordi Cué |first=Carlos |date=19 November 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/19/espana/942966005_850215.html |title=Los puntos fundamentales de la ley |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=González |first=Miguel |date=23 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/23/espana/945903603_850215.html |title=Fracaso del Gobierno con la Ley de Extranjería |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref> At the international level, Spain hosted the [[1997 Madrid NATO summit]] (focused on the [[Enlargement of NATO|alliance's enlargement]])<ref>{{cite news |last=King |first=John |date=6 July 1997 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/07/06/nato.advancer/ |title=Big Issues Confront NATO At Madrid Summit |language=en |publisher=[[CNN]] |location=Palma de Mallorca |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> and supported the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]] in the context of the [[Kosovo War]].<ref>{{cite news |last=González |first=Miguel |date=27 March 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/03/27/internacional/922489226_850215.html |title=Una amplia mayoría del Congreso apoya que España participe en el ataque de la OTAN |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Pappas |first=Christopher Charles |date=27 April 1999 |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1999/4/27/spains-pm-lauds-nato-pspains-prime/ |title=Spain’s PM Lauds NATO |language=en |newspaper=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>
{{multiple image|align=left|image1=Josep Borrell 2004 (cropped).jpg|alt1=Josep Borrell in 2004|image2=Joaquin Almunia 2002 (cropped).jpg|alt2=Joaquín Almunia in 2002|width=100px|footer=[[Josep Borrell]] (left) was [[1998 PSOE prime ministerial primary|elected]] as PSOE nominee for prime minister in April 1998, but a power struggle with party leader [[Joaquín Almunia]] (right) and a scandal affecting two former aides led to his withdrawal one year later.}} The [[1996 Spanish general election|1996 general election]] had seen the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) being forced into opposition for the first time since 1982. [[Felipe González]] announced his intention to step down from the PSOE's leadership at the [[1997 PSOE federal party congress|1997 party congress]] to give way to [[Generational replacement|generational renewal]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=21 June 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/06/21/espana/866844002_850215.html |title=Felipe González abandona la secretaría general para forzar a renovacion del partido |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Vitzthum |first=Carlta |date=23 June 1997 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB867006833959365000 |title=Gonzalez's Exit May Unify A Divided Socialist Party |language=en |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> while also rejecting a new run as prime ministerial candidate.<ref name="EP300198">{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=30 January 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/01/30/espana/886114801_850215.html |title=González descarta ser candidato del PSOE y dice que Almunia es "lo mejor" frente a Aznar |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> The party, divided at the time between González's supporters (''renovadores'', Spanish for "renovators") and those following the discipline of former [[Deputy Prime Minister of Spain|deputy prime minister]] and PSOE deputy secretary-general [[Alfonso Guerra]] (''guerristas''),<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=2 May 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/02/espana/862524004_850215.html |title=Los renovadores del PSOE cuentan con un 80% de delegados para el congreso de junio |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> elected [[Joaquín Almunia]], a "renovator" and former [[Ministry of Labour (Spain)|labour]] and [[Ministry for Territorial Administrations|public administrations minister]], as new party leader.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 June 1997 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/national/1997/06/23/spanish-socialists-pick-new-leader/eb17f5c6-0a1e-44d6-8eca-f6b788535365/ |title=Spanish Socialists Pick New Leader |language=en |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> A [[1998 PSOE prime ministerial primary|primary election in April 1998]] to elect the PSOE's next prime ministerial nominee saw Almunia, supported by González and prominent party "renovators",<ref name="EP300198"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Frechoso |first=Francisco |date=29 January 1998 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/1998/enero/29/nacional/cadidatopsoe.html |title=Los "barones" y el "aparato" del PSOE apoyan a Almunia como candidato a las generales |language=es |newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |location=Toledo |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> facing [[Josep Borrell]] (former [[Ministry of Development (Spain)|public works minister]]), who received the backing of the ''guerrista'' faction.<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=22 March 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/03/22/espana/890521205_850215.html |title=Borrell anuncia que disputará a Almunia la candidatura a la presidencia del Gobierno |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/05/07/espana/894492018_850215.html |title=Borrell gana por 21.394 votos a Almunia en las primarias |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> Borrell defeated Almunia,<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=25 April 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/04/25/espana/893455228_850215.html |title=Borrell gana y trastoca la situación del PSOE |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Vitzthum |first=Carlta |date=27 April 1998 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB893622893683452000 |title=Spain's Socialist Party Leans To Left With Choice of Borrell |language=en |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> but the latter remained as the party's secretary-general in order to prevent an extraordinary congress.<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=26 April 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/04/26/espana/893541601_850215.html |title=El PSOE intenta parar la dimisión de Almunia |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=1 May 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/05/01/espana/893973601_850215.html |title=El PSOE concede a Borrell el papel de líder de la oposición y evita el congreso extraordinario |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> This situation prompted a "bicephaly" (''[[ duumvirate]]'') which saw both Borrell and Almunia clashing for months on party direction and strategy issues.<ref>{{cite news |agency=OTR Press |date=17 November 1998 |title=Almunia deja en manos del Comité Federal el reparto de papeles mientras Borrell reitera que es el líder |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/1998/noviembre/17/nacional/almunia.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=EFE |date=21 November 1998 |title=Cronología de una crisis |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/21/espana/911602809_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=22 November 1998 |title=Borrell y Almunia ceden para evitar un congreso |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/22/espana/911689215_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> Borrell renounced as candidate in May 1999 after it was unveiled that two former aides were involved in a judicial investigation for [[tax fraud]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=15 May 1999 |title=Borrell renuncia como candidato por el escándalo de sus ex colaboradores |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/05/15/espana/926719201_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=15 May 1999 |title=González insta a Almunia a que "ponga orden" y lidere el proceso para ganar las elecciones |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/05/17/espana/926892001_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Toledo |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> resulting in Almunia being proclaimed candidate without opposition.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Agencias |date=24 July 1999 |title=El Comité Federal respalda la candidatura de Almunia |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/1999/julio/24/nacional/psoe.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=25 July 1999 |title=Almunia roza la unanimidad |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/07/25/espana/932853617_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
Disappointment with the 1996 election results saw [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] (IU) descend into crisis,<ref>{{cite news |last1=López |first1=Rosa |last2=Serrano |first2=Rodolfo |date=4 March 1996 |title=Anguita admite el estancamiento, de IU y deja al PSOE que hable de futuros acuerdos |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/04/espana/825894052_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=24 March 1996 |title=Los críticos de Izquierda Unida cuestionan por primera vez el liderazgo de Anguita |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/24/espana/827622017_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> which worsened over [[Julio Anguita]]'s confrontational attitude with the PSOE.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 1997 |title=La crisis de izquierda unida y la unidad de la izquierda |url=https://www.union-communiste.org/es/1997-10/la-crisis-de-izquierda-unida-y-la-unidad-de-la-izquierda-1264 |language=es |publisher=[[Internationalist Communist Union]] |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> Anguita sought to prevent its [[United Left (Galicia)|Galician branch]] (EU–EG) from entering an [[electoral alliance]] with the Socialists ahead of the [[1997 Galician election]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Hermida |first=Xosé |date=23 May 1997 |title=Esquerda Unida desoye a Anguita y cierra su pacto con el PSOE en Galicia |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/23/espana/864338411_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Santiago de Compostela |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> a move criticized by [[Initiative for Catalonia]] (IC),<ref>{{cite news |author=Company, Enric |date=23 August 1997 |title=IC exige a Anguita que respete el pluralismo y abandone las prácticas del comunismo ortodoxo |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/08/23/espana/872287215_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hermida |first=Xosé |date=11 September 1997 |title=Ribó proclama que Iniciativa per Catalunya estará "siempre" con Esquerda Galega |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/11/espana/873928802_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Santiago de Compostela |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> with whom disagreements over IU's direction had been on the rise.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arroyo |first=Francesc |date=8 March 1996 |title=Ribó amenaza con actuar en el Congreso al margen de IU si no cambia |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/08/espana/826239623_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=30 June 1997 |title=IU elimina de sus estatutos toda referencia a sus socios catalanes |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/06/30/portada/867621603_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> The [[Democratic Party of the New Left]] (PDNI), constituted as an internal current critical of Anguita's leadership,<ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=21 March 1996 |title=Nueva Izquierda se constituye como partido entre recelos de la coalición |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/21/espana/827362818_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Casqueiro |first=Javier |date=2 November 1996 |title=Nueva Izquierda nace para ser nexo entre PSOE e IU, según López Garrido |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/11/02/espana/846889211_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> was expelled from IU's governing bodies after it broke [[party discipline]] over the issue of labour reform in June 1997.<ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=17 June 1997 |title=IU expulsa de su ejecutiva a Nueva Izquierda y reclama las actas a sus tres diputados |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/06/17/espana/866498401_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=29 June 1997 |title=Anguita agudiza la crisis de IU con la expulsión de Nueva Izquierda de los órganos de dirección |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/06/29/espana/867535204_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> September 1997 saw the PDNI's expulsion from IU as a whole and its regional-controlled leaderships in [[Cantabria]] and [[Castilla–La Mancha]] dissolved, as well as the break up of relations with EU–EG and IC.<ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=6 September 1997 |title=Izquierda Unida registra nombres similares a los de las federaciones críticas |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/06/espana/873496820_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=11 September 1997 |title=Anguita expulsa a Nueva Izquierda, rompe con Ribó y repudia a Esquerda Galega |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/11/espana/873928801_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=28 September 1997 |title=IU expulsó ayer a los críticos y rompió lazos con sus socios catalanes y gallegos |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/28/espana/875397601_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=28 September 1997 |title=Nueva Izquierda se pasa al Grupo Mixto |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/28/espana/875397602_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> The PDNI then sought electoral alliances with the PSOE,<ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=17 January 1998 |title=Nueva Izquierda y sus socios se constituyen en plataforma electoral |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/01/17/espana/884991620_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=EFE |date=22 March 1998 |title=López Garrido propondrá una alianza electoral de fuerzas de izquierda |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/03/22/espana/890521211_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Santander |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> which materialized ahead of the [[1999 Spanish local elections|1999 local]], [[1999 Spanish regional elections|regional]] and [[1999 European Parliament election in Spain|European Parliament elections]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=15 May 1998 |title=El PSOE presentará a Cristina Almeida como candidata contra Ruiz-Gallardón |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/05/15/madrid/895231455_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Díez |first1=Anabel |last2=Serrano |first2=Rodolfo |date=16 May 1998 |title=PSOE y Nueva Izquierda quieren extender el pacto electoral de Madrid a toda España |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/05/16/espana/895269601_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Serrano |first=Rodolfo |date=2 November 1998 |title=La dirección de Nueva Izquierda propone que sus candidatos se integren en las listas del PSOE |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/02/espana/909961211_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> IC also entered into an alliance with [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSOE's sister party in Catalonia]] ahead of the [[1999 Catalan election]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Company, Enric |date=2 September 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/09/02/catalunya/936234438_850215.html |title=El PSC e Iniciativa-Verds se alían para disputar la mayoría a Pujol en sus feudos |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=18 November 2025}}</ref> The ongoing IU crisis and health issues forced Anguita to resign from running in the next general election.<ref name="EP181299">{{cite news |date=18 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/18/espana/945471601_850215.html |title=La dirección de IU decide que Frutos sustituya a Anguita, pero sólo para las elecciones |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Agencias |date=10 January 2000 |title=Anguita comunica por carta a la Presidencia de IU su renuncia a ser diputado |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2000/01/10/espana/947518549.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>
[[File:Aznar y Pujol (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=José María Aznar and Jordi Pujol shaking hands in Moncloa palace|Relations between [[José María Aznar]]'s [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) and [[Jordi Pujol]]'s [[Convergence and Union]] (CiU) were critical for government stability.]] The Basque [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] group continued with [[List of ETA attacks|its activity]] during these years, with its most relevant actions being the kidnapping of a Spanish [[prison officer]], [[José Antonio Ortega Lara]],<ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 1997 |title=La Guardia Civil rescata del 'zulo' a Ortega Lara sin disparar un tiro |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/07/02/portada/867794403_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> and the assassination of PP's [[Ermua]] councillor [[Miguel Ángel Blanco]] in July 1997.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marín Yarza |first=Maribel |date=13 July 1997 |title=ETA abandona a Blanco con dos tiros en la cabeza tras desoír el clamor de los ciudadanos |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/07/13/espana/868744825_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=San Sebastián |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> Blanco's killing had a deep social impact throughout Spain,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first1=Luis |author2=Urra, Susana (translation) |date=12 July 2017 |title=The day that Basque terror group ETA lost the support of the street |url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2017/07/12/inenglish/1499853524_605938.html |language=en |newspaper=El País |location=San Sebastián |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |date=9 July 2022 |title=‘We lost our fear’: the Basque terror group’s killing that made Spain say enough is enough |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/09/eta-killing-spain-lasarte-oria-basque-miguel-angel-blanco |language=en |newspaper=The Guardian |location=Lasarte-Oria |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref> with more than six million people across the country taking to the streets over four days to demand an end to ETA violence—a spontaneous civic response dubbed the "Ermua spirit"—and even some of the group's supporters publicly condemned it.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 1997 |title=Outrage at ETA Killing |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/news/07/0713/eta.shtml |language=en |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=12 July 2006 |title=El Espíritu de Ermua continúa vivo en el noveno aniversario del asesinato de Miguel Ángel Blanco |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/132393/0/asesinato/ermua/blanco/ |language=es |newspaper=[[20 minutos]] |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=8 April 2017 |title=What is Eta? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11183574 |language=en |publisher=BBC News |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> The signing of the Estella-Lizarra Declaration between the PNV and [[Herri Batasuna]] in September 1998, while opposed by the Spanish government, led ETA to announce an "indefinite ceasefire" four days later.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nash |first=Elizabeth |date=17 September 1998 |title=ETA calls a total ceasefire Irish-style |url=https://www.independent.ie/world-news/eta-calls-a-total-ceasefire-irish-style/26174536.html |language=en |newspaper=[[Irish Independent]] |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2006 |title=Las treguas de ETA |url=https://www.abc.es/informacion/eta_altofuego/treguas.asp |language=es |newspaper=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]] |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> Aznar authorized talks between his government and ETA,<ref>{{cite news |date=4 November 1998 |title=Premier to Open Talks With Rebels |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-nov-04-mn-39300-story.html |language=en |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Goodman |first=Al |date=4 November 1998 |title=Spain Making Contact With Basque Rebels |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/europe/110498spain-basques.html |language=en |newspaper=The New York Times |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref> but a single meeting in [[Switzerland]] found the group no more willing to compromise on its core demands than it had been in the past;<ref>{{cite news |date=8 June 1999 |title=ETA holds talks with government |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/eta-holds-talks-with-government-1.193469 |language=en |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref> negotiations failed and ETA ended the truce in late 1999.{{sfn|Whitfield|2015|p=6}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Quílez |first=Raquel |date=2009 |title=Aznar y los intentos de pactar en Zúrich |url=https://www.elmundo.es/eta/negociaciones/aznar.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> In December 1999, the [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guard]] foiled a plot by ETA to bring 1,700 kg of explosives to Madrid to blow up the [[Picasso Tower]] (in what was dubbed "the convoy of death").<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=9 November 2001 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-09-mn-2168-story.html |title=Spain Tower Was Terror Target |language=en |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=P. Villatoro |first=Manuel |date=17 May 2023 |title='Caravana de la muerte': así evitó la Guardia Civil que ETA volase el rascacielos más icónico de Madrid |url=https://www.abc.es/historia/plan-oculto-caravana-muerte-eta-vuela-rascacielos-20230517150215-nt.html |language=es |newspaper=ABC |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
PP and CiU frequently clashed over the degree of fulfillment of their signed commitments,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cortés |first1=Josep Maria |last2=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first2=Luis |date=15 May 1997 |title=Pujol advierte al Gobierno del PP que no le ponga "en una situación imposible" |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/15/espana/863647207_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona / Madrid |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Pastor |first=Carles |date=5 November 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/05/espana/878684401_850215.html |title=Molins advierte al Gobierno que la ruptura será "inevitable" si las relaciones con CiU no mejoran |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> with [[Catalan president]] [[Jordi Pujol]] persistently threatening to terminate his party's support to Aznar.<ref name="EP220597">{{cite news |last=Oppenheimer |first=Walter |date=22 May 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/22/espana/864252006_850215.html |title=Aznar asegura que la retirada del apoyo de CiU no supondrá la convocatoria automática de elecciones |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Brussels |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pastor |first1=Carles |last2=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first2=Luis |date=8 October 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/10/08/espana/876261601_850215.html |title=Jordi Pujol garantiza a Aznar su apoyo a la estabilidad del Gobierno hasta enero de 1999 |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=De Miguel |first1=Carlos |last2=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first2=Luis |date=6 November 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/06/espana/878770802_850215.html |title=Pujol advierte que sólo puede garantizar su respaldo al Gobierno hasta final de año |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Ávila / Madrid |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> Mutual interest, with the stability of Pujol's government in Catalonia also dependant on continued support from the PP in the [[Parliament of Catalonia|regional parliament]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Pastor |first=Carles |date=9 October 1997 |title=Pujol reclamará a Aznar más fluidez en la relación del PP catalán con CiU a cambio de la estabilidad |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/10/09/espana/876348003_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Company, Enric |date=11 November 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/11/espana/879202818_850215.html |title=El PP catalán amenaza con no votar los presupuestos de Pujol |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> helped ensure that the legislative term reached its end,<ref>{{cite news |last=Larraya |first=José Miguel |date=11 November 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/11/espana/879202815_850215.html |title=Aznar afirma que ha comunicado a Pujol su intención de agotar la legislatura |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Panama City |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Pastor |first=Carles |date=12 November 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/12/espana/879289222_850215.html |title=Pujol confirma que desea que el Gobierno del PP pueda agotar la legislatura |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> with both parties confirming the renewal of their agreements in January 1998.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first1=Luis |last2=Pastor |first2=Carles |date=15 January 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/01/15/espana/884818801_850215.html |title=Aznar y Pujol refuerzan el pacto de estabilidad para que el PP pueda agotar la legislatura |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 January 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/01/18/espana/885078010_850215.html |title=Pujol justifica su apoyo a Aznar por razones económicas y electorales |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> As a result of the PP–CiU alliance, Aznar's government oversaw a large transfer of powers to regions—[[traffic police]], [[job creation]], [[vocational training]], [[port management]] and [[fiscal policy]] (including taxes on [[Income tax|personal income]], [[Wealth tax|wealth]], [[Transfer tax|property transfers]], [[Stamp act|documented legal acts]], [[Inheritance tax|inheritance]], [[Gift tax|gifts]] and [[Income tax on gambling|gambling]])—the abolition of [[compulsory military service]] and the reform of the [[Government Delegation (Spain)#Government Sub-delegation|State's peripheral administration]].<ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Qué cesiones a CIU incluía el 'pacto del Majestic', el acuerdo de investidura entre Aznar y Pujol en 1996 |url=https://maldita.es/malditateexplica/20231114/pacto-majestic-aznar-presidente-cataluna/ |language=es |publisher=Maldita.es |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Aduriz |first=Iñigo |date=10 August 2024 |title=El PP de Aznar permitió a Catalunya llegar a gestionar el 30% del IRPF y le dio el 100% de patrimonio, sucesiones y juego |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/pp-aznar-dio-catalunya-30-irpf-100-patrimonio-sucesiones-juego-llegar-moncloa_1_11572859.html |language=es |newspaper=elDiario.es |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref> Relations with the PNV worsened throughout the legislative term,<ref>{{cite news |date=3 March 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/03/03/espana/888879607_850215.html |title=El PNV amenaza con una crisis inmediata |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> particularly following the Estella declaration in September 1998,<ref>{{cite news |last=González Ibáñez |first=Juan |date=14 September 1998 |title=El Gobierno descalifica el pacto de Estella por ser "complaciente" con los intereses de ETA |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/09/14/espana/905724001_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> ultimately leading the party to withdraw all support to the government in 1999.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gómez Damborenea |first=Pedro |date=22 March 1999 |title=Arzalluz asegura que el tiempo de pactar con el Gobierno de Madrid se ha terminado |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/03/22/espana/922057206_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Bilbao |access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=OTR Press |date=9 December 1999 |title=El PNV rompe con el Gobierno y anuncia su voto contrario a los Presupuestos |url=https://www.ultimahora.es/noticias/nacional/1999/12/09/936077/el-pnv-rompe-con-el-gobierno-y-anuncia-su-voto-contrario-a-los-presupuestos.html |language=es |newspaper=[[Última Hora (Spain)|Última Hora]] |location=Madrid |access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> Growing political differences between the PP and the [[Aragonese Party]] saw the latter allying with the PSOE in the aftermath of the [[1999 Aragonese regional election]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Elordi Cué |first=Carlos |date=22 July 1999 |title=El Par decide por amplia mayoría un pacto de coalición de gobierno con el PSOE en Aragón |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/07/22/espana/932594411_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Zaragoza |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref> and its break up from the PP's parliamentary group in October 1999.<ref name="EP261099">{{cite news |last=Casqueiro |first=Javier |date=26 October 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/10/26/espana/940888804_850215.html |title=El Par rompe con el PP y le disputará tres escaños en Aragón |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
==Overview== Under the [[Spanish Constitution of 1978|1978 Constitution]], the Spanish {{lang|es|[[Cortes Generales]]|italic=no}} were conceived as an [[imperfect bicameral]] system.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 66}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=66&tipo=2 |title=Constitución española. Título III. De las Cortes Generales. Sinopsis artículo 66 |language=es |publisher=[[Congress of Deputies]] |access-date=11 October 2025 |postscript=,}} summarizing {{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 66}}.</ref> The [[Congress of Deputies]] held greater legislative power than the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]], having the ability to grant or withdraw confidence from a [[Prime Minister of Spain|prime minister]] and to override Senate [[veto]]es by an [[absolute majority]].<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=arts. 90 & 99}}.</ref> Nonetheless, the Senate retained a limited number of specific functions—such as [[ratifying]] international treaties, authorizing cooperation agreements between [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities]], enforcing [[direct rule]], regulating interterritorial compensation funds, and taking part in [[constitutional amendment]]s and in the appointment of members to the [[Constitutional Court of Spain|Constitutional Court]] and the [[General Council of the Judiciary]]—which were not subject to override by Congress.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=arts. 74, 94, 122, 145, 155, 158–159 & 166–167}}.</ref>
===Date=== The term of each chamber of the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were [[Dissolution of parliament|dissolved]] earlier.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=arts. 68–69}}.</ref> The election [[decree]] was required to be issued no later than 25 days before the scheduled expiration date of parliament and published on the following day in the [[Official State Gazette]] (BOE), with [[election day]] taking place 54 days after the decree's publication.<ref>{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 42 & 167}}.</ref> The [[1996 Spanish general election|previous election]] was held on 3 March 1996, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 3 March 2000. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 8 February 2000, setting the latest possible date for election day on 2 April 2000.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 August 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/23/portada/935359201_850215.html |title=PP y PSOE preparan una campaña electoral larga y muy agria |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=8 September 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/09/08/espana/936741612_850215.html |title=Las generales se celebrarán entre el 27 de febrero y el 26 de marzo |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the [[Monarchy of Spain|monarch]] to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a [[snap election]], provided that no [[motion of no confidence]] was in process, no [[state of emergency]] was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year after a previous one.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=arts. 115–116}}.</ref> Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an [[investiture]] process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 99}}.</ref> Barring this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=115&tipo=2 |title=Constitución española. Título V. De las relaciones entre el Gobierno y las Cortes Generales. Sinopsis artículo 115 |language=es |publisher=[[Congress of Deputies]] |access-date=31 October 2025 |postscript=,}} summarizing {{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 115}}.</ref> Still, as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}, there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.
As part of the PP–CiU agreement, Aznar was required to give Pujol early notice in the event he decided to advance the election,<ref>{{cite news |last=Pastor |first=Carles |date=5 November 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/11/05/espana/847148406_850215.html |title=Pujol pide a Aznar que le avise con tiempo si opta por adelantar las elecciones |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> with the latter warning about his ability to force one at any given time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pastor |first1=Carles |last2=Mauri |first2=Luis |date=10 April 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/10/espana/860623201_850215.html |title=Pujol advierte al PP que el calendario electoral español esta en manos de CiU |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Pastor |first=Carles |date=24 February 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/02/24/espana/888274821_850215.html |title=A Pujol no le preocupa un adelanto electoral porque ya ve cumplidos sus objetivos |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> Despite policy disagreements between both parties during the legislative term, Aznar warned that losing CiU's support would not necessarily translate into an early election.<ref name="EP220597"/> Pujol's initial aim to bring forward the 1999 election to earlier that year prompted Aznar to offer to coordinate both the regional and general elections, although this did not ultimately materialize.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pastor |first=Carles |date=24 November 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/24/espana/880326001_850215.html |title=Aznar invita a Pujol a pactar el calendario de las elecciones generales y de las catalanas |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 November 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/02/24/espana/888274821_850215.html |title=Pujol quiere convocar las autonómicas en la primavera de 1999 |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> It was suggested that Aznar would be tempted to call a snap election after the introduction of the euro was effective at 1 January 1999,<ref>{{cite news |last=Oppenheimer |first=Walter |date=27 April 1997 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/27/espana/862092009_850215.html |title=González augura elecciones anticipadas si los sondeos son favorables a Aznar |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=The Hague |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> while speculation among PP ranks and government members was that an election would be called in the spring of 1999 or in June, to coincide with the scheduled local, regional and European Parliament elections.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first=Luis |date=19 November 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/19/espana/911430009_850215.html |title=Los ministros más cercanos a Aznar se inclinan por adelantar las elecciones a junio |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> This possibility was fueled by some remarks by Pujol that a general election would be held in 1999—a remark that he was forced to rectify later on<ref>{{cite news |last=Garriga |first=Josep |date=23 November 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/23/espana/911775613_850215.html |title=Pujol asegura que las elecciones generales se celebrarán el próximo año |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Tarragona |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=24 November 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/24/espana/911862002_850215.html |title=El presidente rectifica: "Las elecciones generales serán en el 2000" |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>—coinciding with a critical point in the PP–CiU relationship.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first=Luis |date=29 November 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/29/espana/912294006_850215.html |title=El choque entre Aznar y Pujol presagia un adelanto electoral |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Larraya |first1=José Miguel |last2=Mauri |first2=Luis |date=15 December 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/12/15/espana/913676401_850215.html |title=Aznar asegura que ha pactado con Pujol el calendario electoral y el líder de CiU lo niega |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Prague / Barcelona |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> Aznar himself repeteadly rejected all these claims.<ref>{{cite news |last=Casqueiro |first=Javier |date=25 June 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/06/25/espana/898725609_850215.html |title=Aznar zanja especulaciones y reitera que las elecciones serán en el año 2000 |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Casqueiro |first=Javier |date=25 November 1998 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/25/espana/911948407_850215.html |title=Aznar insta a sus diputados y senadores a trabajar y dejar de "especular" sobre un adelanto electoral |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mencia |first=Sonia |date=3 January 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/01/03/espana/915318011_850215.html |title=Aznar afirma que agotará la legislatura y no anticipará las elecciones |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Viella |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
In the summer of 1999, a new round of speculation emerged that Aznar was considering holding an early election in the autumn,<ref>{{cite news |last=Casqueiro |first=Javier |date=2 August 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/02/espana/933544804_850215.html |title=Aznar sopesa este verano las últimas presiones de su entorno para adelantar las elecciones |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> but this was ended by Aznar re-assuring that it was his wish to exhaust the legislature and for the election to be held when due, in March 2000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=22 August 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/22/espana/935272801_850215.html |title=Aznar asegura que agotará la legislatura y celebrará elecciones en el 2000 |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Alcora |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> On 23 December 1999, it was confirmed that the general election would be held in March,<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=24 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/24/espana/945990008_850215.html |title=El Gobierno adelanta que Aznar convocará las elecciones generales para el 12 de marzo |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> together with the [[2000 Andalusian regional election]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Pedrote |first=Isabel |date=21 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/21/espana/945730808_850215.html |title=Chaves sugiere el 20 de febrero o el 12 de marzo para las elecciones andaluzas |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Seville |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Pedrote |first=Isabel |date=24 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/24/espana/945990009_850215.html |title=La Junta andaluza, "satisfecha" con la coincidencia sobre la fecha electoral |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Seville |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> The dissolution of the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} was arranged for 17 January,<ref>{{cite news |last=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first=Luis |date=18 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/18/espana/948150021_850215.html |title=Aznar convoca elecciones con duros ataques al PSOE y PNV y una advertencia a CiU |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> thus ending the longest parliamentary term in Spanish democracy up until that point.<ref name="EP170100">{{cite news |last=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first=Luis |date=17 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/17/espana/948063607_850215.html |title=Aznar fija hoy la fecha de los comicios y cierra la legislatura más larga de la democracia |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
The {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} were officially dissolved on 18 January 2000 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the BOE, setting election day for 12 March and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 5 April.<ref>{{harvp|Royal Decree 64/2000|2000|loc=arts. 1–2 & 5}}.</ref>
===Electoral system=== Voting for each chamber of the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} was based on [[universal suffrage]], comprising all [[Spanish national]]s over 18 years of age with full [[political rights]], provided that they had not been [[Disfranchisement|deprived of the right to vote]] by a final [[Sentence (law)|sentence]], nor were [[Capacity (law)|legally incapacitated]].<ref>{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 2–3}}.</ref>{{sfn|Carreras de Odriozola|Tafunell Sambola|2005|p=1077}}
The Congress of Deputies had a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 were elected in 50 [[Multi-member district|multi-member constituencies]] corresponding to the [[provinces of Spain]]—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the [[D'Hondt method]] and [[closed-list]] [[proportional voting]], with a three percent-[[Electoral threshold|threshold]] of valid votes (including [[blank ballot]]s) in each constituency. The remaining two seats were allocated to [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] as [[single-member district]]s elected by [[plurality voting]].<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 68}}; {{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 162–164}}.</ref> The use of this electoral method resulted in a higher [[Electoral threshold#Natural threshold|effective threshold]] depending on [[district magnitude]] and vote distribution.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Michael |date=30 July 2012 |url=http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |title=Effective threshold in electoral systems |publisher=[[Trinity College Dublin]] |location=Dublin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |access-date=22 July 2017 |archive-date=30 July 2017}}</ref>
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:<ref>{{harvp|Royal Decree 64/2000|2000|loc=art. 3}}.</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! width="50"| Seats ! width="600"| Constituencies{{efn|The province of [[Balearics]] was officially renamed as "Balearic Islands" on 27 April 1997.<ref>{{harvp|Law 13/1997|1997|loc=single art. & final prov.}}.</ref> The provinces of [[Province of A Coruña|La Coruña]] and [[Province of Ourense|Orense]] were officially renamed as "A Coruña" and "Ourense" on 4 April 1998.<ref>{{harvp|Law 2/1998|1998|loc=arts. 1–2 & final prov.}}.</ref>}} |- | align="center"| '''34''' | [[Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Madrid]] |- | align="center"| '''31''' | [[Barcelona (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Barcelona]] |- | align="center"| '''16''' | [[Valencia (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Valencia]] |- | align="center"| '''13''' | [[Seville (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Seville]] |- | align="center"| '''11''' | [[Alicante (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Alicante]] |- | align="center"| '''10''' | [[Málaga (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Málaga]] |- | align="center"| '''9''' | [[A Coruña (Congress of Deputies constituency)|A Coruña]], [[Asturias (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Asturias]], [[Biscay (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Biscay]], [[Cádiz (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cádiz]], [[Murcia (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Murcia]] |- | align="center"| '''8''' | [[Pontevedra (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Pontevedra]] |- | align="center"| '''7''' | [[Balearic Islands (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Balearic Islands]], [[Córdoba (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Córdoba]], [[Granada (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Granada]], [[Las Palmas (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Las Palmas]], [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], [[Zaragoza (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Zaragoza]] |- | align="center"| '''6''' | [[Badajoz (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Badajoz]], [[Gipuzkoa (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Guipúzcoa]], [[Jaén (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Jaén]], [[Tarragona (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Tarragona]] |- | align="center"| '''5''' | [[Almería (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Almería]], [[Cáceres (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cáceres]], [[Cantabria (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cantabria]], [[Castellón (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Castellón]], [[Ciudad Real (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Ciudad Real]], [[Girona (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Girona]], [[Huelva (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Huelva]], [[León (Congress of Deputies constituency)|León]], [[Navarre (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Navarre]], [[Toledo (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Toledo]], [[Valladolid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Valladolid]] |- | align="center"| '''4''' | [[Álava (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Álava]], [[Albacete (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Albacete]], [[Burgos (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Burgos]], [[La Rioja (Congress of Deputies constituency)|La Rioja]], [[Lleida (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Lleida]], [[Lugo (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Lugo]], [[Ourense (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Ourense]], [[Salamanca (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Salamanca]] |- | align="center"| '''3''' | [[Ávila (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Ávila]], [[Cuenca (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cuenca]], [[Guadalajara (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Guadalajara]], [[Huesca (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Huesca]], [[Palencia (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Palencia]], [[Segovia (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Segovia]], [[Soria (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Soria]], [[Teruel (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Teruel]], [[Zamora (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Zamora]] |}
208 Senate seats were elected using [[open-list]] [[partial block voting]]: voters in constituencies electing four seats could choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the [[Balearic Islands|Balearic]] and [[Canary Islands]]—the districts were the islands themselves, with the larger ones ([[Mallorca]], [[Gran Canaria]] and [[Tenerife]]) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones ([[Menorca]], [[Ibiza]]–[[Formentera]], [[Fuerteventura]], [[La Gomera]], [[El Hierro]], [[Lanzarote]] and [[La Palma]]) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional seat per million inhabitants.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 69}}; {{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 162 & 165–166}}.</ref>{{sfn|Carreras de Odriozola|Tafunell Sambola|2005|p=1083}}
The law did not provide for [[by-election]]s to fill [[Casual vacancy|vacant seats]]; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term were filled by the next candidates on the [[Electoral list|party lists]] or, when required, by designated [[Substitute (elections)|substitutes]].<ref>{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 46, 48, 164, 166 & 170–171}}.</ref>
===Outgoing parliament=== The tables below show the composition of the [[parliamentary group]]s in both chambers at the time of dissolution.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/grups.html |title=Grupos Parlamentarios en el Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="HESenate">{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/senado7.html |title=Composición del Senado 1977-{{year}} |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref>
{{col-begin|width=auto}} {{col-break}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |+ Parliamentary composition in January 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congreso.es/web/guest/grupos/composicion-en-la-legislatura |title=Grupos parlamentarios |language=es |website=[[Congress of Deputies]] |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> |- ! colspan="6"| Congress of Deputies |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Groups ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties ! colspan="2"| Deputies |- ! Seats ! Total |- | width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | rowspan="2"| People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] | 153 | rowspan="2"| '''155''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}"| | [[Navarrese People's Union|UPN]] | 2 |- | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | rowspan="2"| Socialist Group of the Congress | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] | 122 | rowspan="2"| '''141''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}"| | [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC]] | 19 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | United Left's Federal Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | [[United Left (Spain)|IU]] | 16 | '''16''' |- | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | rowspan="2"| Catalan Parliamentary Group<br/>(Convergence and Union) | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Convergence of Catalonia}}"| | [[Democratic Convergence of Catalonia|CDC]] | 10 | rowspan="2"| '''16''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Union of Catalonia}}"| | [[Democratic Union of Catalonia|UDC]] | 6 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | Basque Parliamentary Group (EAJ/PNV) | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | [[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]] | 5 | '''5''' |- | rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"| | rowspan="3"| Canarian Coalition's Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Independent Groups}}"| | [[Canarian Independent Groups|AIC]] | 2 | rowspan="3"| '''4''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Canarian Initiative}}"| | [[Nationalist Canarian Initiative|ICAN]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Canarian Centre}}"| | [[Nationalist Canarian Centre|CCN]] | 1 |- | rowspan="7" bgcolor="gray"| | rowspan="7"| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Party of the New Left}}"| | [[Democratic Party of the New Left|PDNI]] | 3 | rowspan="7"| '''11''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"| | [[Galician Nationalist Bloc|BNG]] | 2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia Greens}}"| | [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|IC–V]] | 2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"| | [[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Union}}"| | [[Valencian Union|UV]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | [[Aragonese Party|PAR]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Partit per la Independència}}"| | [[Partit per la Independència|PI]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Non-Inscrits}}"| | Non-Inscrits | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Herri Batasuna}}"| | [[Herri Batasuna|HB]] | 2 | '''2''' |} {{col-break|gap=1em}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |+ Parliamentary composition in January 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/gruposparlamentarios/gruposparlamentariosdesde1977/index.html |title=Grupos Parlamentarios desde 1977 |language=es |website=[[Senate of Spain]] |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> |- ! colspan="6"| Senate |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Groups ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties ! colspan="2"| Senators |- ! Seats ! Total |- | width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | rowspan="2"| People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] | 129 | rowspan="2"| '''132''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}"| | [[Navarrese People's Union|UPN]] | 3 |- | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | rowspan="2"| Socialist Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] | 90 | rowspan="2"| '''100''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}"| | [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC]] | 10 |- | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | rowspan="2"| Convergence and Union's<br/>Catalan Parliamentary Group in the Senate | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Convergence of Catalonia}}"| | [[Democratic Convergence of Catalonia|CDC]] | 8 | rowspan="2"| '''11''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Union of Catalonia}}"| | [[Democratic Union of Catalonia|UDC]] | 3 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | Basque Nationalist Senators' Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | [[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]] | 6 | '''6''' |- | rowspan="7" bgcolor="gray"| | rowspan="7"| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | [[Aragonese Party|PAR]] | 3 | rowspan="7"| '''10''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | [[United Left (Spain)|IU]] | 2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Independent Groups}}"| | [[Canarian Independent Groups|AIC]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Herrenian Group}}"| | [[Independent Herrenian Group|AHI]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | [[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Pacte Progressista}}"| | [[Pacte Progressista|Pacte]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Lanzarote Independents Party}}"| | [[Lanzarote Independents Party|PIL]] | 1 |} {{col-end}}
==Candidates== ===Nomination rules=== Spanish citizens with the [[right to vote]] could [[Nomination rules|run for election]], provided that they had not been criminally [[imprisoned]] by a final sentence or [[convicted]]—whether final or not—of offences that involved loss of eligibility or disqualification from public office (such as [[rebellion]] or [[terrorism]], when involving crimes [[Homicide|against life]], [[Battery (crime)|physical integrity]] or [[Kidnapping|personal freedom]]). Additional causes of ineligibility applied to the following officials:<ref name="CEArt70LOREGArt6">{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 70}}; {{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 6 & 154}}.</ref> *Members of the [[Spanish royal family]] and their spouses; *Holders of a number of senior public or institutional posts, including the heads and members of higher courts and state institutions;{{efn|These comprised the [[Constitutional Court of Spain|Constitutional Court]], the [[General Council of the Judiciary]], the [[Supreme Court of Spain|Supreme Court]], the [[Spanish Council of State|Council of State]], the [[Court of Auditors (Spain)|Court of Auditors]] and the [[Economic and Social Council (Spain)|Economic and Social Council]].}} the [[Spanish Ombudsman|Ombudsman]]; the [[Spanish Attorney General|State's Attorney General]]; high-ranking officials of [[Spanish government departments|government departments]], the [[Office of the Prime Minister (Spain)|Office of the Prime Minister]] and other [[List of agencies in Spain|state agencies]]; [[Government Delegation (Spain)|government delegates in the autonomous communities]]; the [[chair of RTVE|director-general of RTVE]]; the director of the Electoral Register Office; the [[Governor of the Bank of Spain|governor]] and deputy governor of the [[Bank of Spain]]; the heads of [[Official Credit Institute|official credit institutions]]; and members of [[electoral commission]]s and of the [[Nuclear Safety Council (Spain)|Nuclear Safety Council]]; *Heads of [[List of diplomatic missions of Spain|diplomatic missions]] abroad; *[[Judiciary of Spain|Judges]] and [[Prosecution Ministry|public prosecutors]] in active service; *Members of the [[Spanish Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] and [[Law enforcement in Spain|law enforcement bodies]] in active service.
Other ineligibility provisions also applied to a number of territorial officials in these categories within their [[Jurisdiction (area)|areas of jurisdiction]], as well as to employees of foreign states and members of regional governments.<ref name="CEArt70LOREGArt6"/>
[[Incompatibility rule]]s included those of ineligibility, and also barred running in multiple constituencies or lists, and combining legislative roles (deputy, senator, and regional lawmaker) with each other or with:<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 67}}; {{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 46 & 155–159}}.</ref> *A number of senior public or institutional posts, including the presidency of the [[National Commission on Markets and Competition|Competition Defence Court]]; and leadership positions in RTVE, government offices, public authorities (such as [[port authorities]], hydrographic confederations, or [[Highways in Spain|highway concessionary companies]]), public entities and state-owned or publicly funded companies; *Any other paid [[Public sector|public]] or [[Private sector|private]] position, except [[University professor|university teaching]].
===Parties and lists=== {{See also|List of political parties in Spain}} The electoral law allowed for [[Political party|parties]] and [[Political alliance|federations]] registered in the [[Ministry of the Interior (Spain)|interior ministry]], [[Electoral alliance|alliances]] and [[Grouping of electors (Spain)|groupings of electors]] to present [[Electoral list|lists of candidates]]. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list.<ref>{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 44 & 169}}.</ref>
Below is a list of the main parties and alliances which contested the election:
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.35em; text-align:left;" |- ! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| Candidacy ! rowspan="3"| Parties and<br/>alliances ! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| Leading candidate ! rowspan="3"| Ideology ! colspan="4"| Previous result ! rowspan="3"| {{abbr|Gov.|Government}} ! rowspan="3"| {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |- ! colspan="2"| Congress ! colspan="2"| Senate |- ! Vote % ! Seats ! Vote % ! Seats |- | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | align="center"| '''[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) | [[Navarrese People's Union]] (UPN) | [[Melillan People's Union]] (UPM) }} | [[File:José María Aznar 1999 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[José María Aznar]] | [[Conservatism]]<br/>[[Christian democracy]] | align="center"| 38.8% | {{big|'''156'''}} | align="center"| 39.0% | {{big|'''112'''}} | {{ya}} | <ref>{{cite news |date=21 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/21/espana/945730804_850215.html |title=Aznar se muestra convencido de las posibilidades del PP al ser nombrado oficialmente candidato |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|p]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) | [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] (PSC) | [[Democratic Party of the New Left]] (PDNI) }} | [[File:Joaquin Almunia 2002 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Joaquín Almunia]] | [[Social democracy]] | align="center"| 37.6% | {{big|'''141'''}} | align="center"| <br/>31.7%<br/>{{efn|name="Senate1996Catalonia"|Results in the 1996 Senate election, not including Catalonia.}} | {{big|'''73'''}} | {{na}} | <ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/07/25/espana/932853602_850215.html |title=El candidato pide a los socialistas en su primer discurso que recuperen el 'espíritu del 82' |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref><br/><ref>{{cite news |date=28 November 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/28/espana/943743605_850215.html |title=El PSOE añade a sus siglas el 'apellido' Progresistas |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | align="center"| '''[[United Left (Spain)|IU]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] (IU)<br/>{{smaller|– [[Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)<br/>– [[Socialist Action Party (Spain)|Socialist Action Party]] (PASOC)<br/>– [[Republican Left (Spain, 1977)|Republican Left]] (IR)<br/>– [[Unitarian Candidacy of Workers|Collective for the Unity of Workers–Andalusian Left Bloc]] (CUT–BAI)<br/>– [[Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)|Revolutionary Workers' Party]] (POR)<br/>– [[Workers' Revolutionary Party (Spain)|Workers' Revolutionary Party]] (PRT)}} | [[United and Alternative Left]] (EUiA)<br/>{{smaller|– [[Living Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia]] (PSUCviu)<br/>– [[Party of the Communists of Catalonia]] (PCC)<br/>– [[The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia]] (EV–CEC)}} }} | [[File:Francisco Frutos 2005 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Francisco Frutos]] | [[Socialism]]<br/>[[Communism]] | align="center"| <br/>9.4%<br/>{{efn|name="IU"}} | {{big|'''19'''}} | align="center"| <br/>8.8%<br/>{{efn|name="Senate1996Catalonia"}} | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na}} | <ref name="EP181299"/><br/><ref>{{cite news |date=1 February 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/01/catalunya/949370843_850215.html |title=EUiA rechaza integrarse en las listas de IC-V y prepara una coalición con Els Verds |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Convergence and Union|CiU]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Democratic Convergence of Catalonia]] (CDC) | [[Democratic Union of Catalonia]] (UDC) }} | [[File:Xavier Trias 2011 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Xavier Trias]] | [[Catalan nationalism]]<br/>[[Centrism]] | align="center"| 4.6% | {{big|'''16'''}} | align="center"| 4.9% | {{big|'''8'''}} | {{na}} | <ref>{{cite news |date=20 August 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/20/espana/935100008_850215.html |title=Pujol confirma a Trias como cabeza de lista de CiU en las generales |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref><br/><ref>{{cite news |date=22 October 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/10/22/catalunya/940554443_850215.html |title=Molins descarta volver a Madrid, mientras que Trias se afianza |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (EAJ/PNV) }} | [[File:2007 02 Inaki Anasagasti-2.jpg|50px]] | [[Iñaki Anasagasti]] | [[Basque nationalism]]<br/>[[Christian democracy]] | align="center"| 1.3% | {{big|'''5'''}} | align="center"| 1.3% | {{big|'''4'''}} | {{na}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Canarian Coalition|CC]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Canarian Independent Groups]] (AIC)<br/>{{smaller|– [[Tenerife Group of Independents]] (ATI)<br/>– La Palma Group of Independents (API)<br/>– Gomera Group of Independents (AGI)}} | [[Nationalist Canarian Initiative]] (ICAN) | [[Nationalist Canarian Centre]] (CCN) | [[Canarian Nationalist Party]] (PNC) | [[Independent Herrenian Group]] (AHI) | [[Majorera Assembly]] (AM) }} | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | José Carlos Mauricio | [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<br/>[[Canarian nationalism]]<br/>[[Centrism]] | align="center"| 0.9% | {{big|'''4'''}} | align="center"| 0.6% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia Greens}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|IC–V]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|Initiative for Catalonia–Greens]] (IC–V) }} | [[File:Joan Saura 2005 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Joan Saura]] | [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<br/>[[Eco-socialism]]<br/>[[Green politics]] | align="center"| <br/>1.2%<br/>{{efn|Results for [[Initiative for Catalonia|IC]]–[[The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia|EV]] in the 1996 election.}} | {{big|'''2'''}} | colspan="2" {{n/a}}{{efn|name="Entesa"|[[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC–PSOE]], [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|IC–V]] and [[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]] contested the 2000 Senate election within the [[Catalan Agreement of Progress|Entesa]] alliance.}} | {{na}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Galician Nationalist Bloc|BNG]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Galician Nationalist Bloc]] (BNG)<br/>{{smaller|– [[Galician People's Union]] (UPG)<br/>– [[Socialist Collective]] (CS)<br/>– [[Galician Nationalist Party–Galicianist Party]] (PNG–PG)<br/>– [[Nationalist Left]] (EN)<br/>– [[Inzar]] (Inzar)<br/>– [[Galician Unity (1991)|Galician Unity]] (UG)}} }} | [[File:Francisco Rodríguez Sánchez (AELG)-1.jpg|50px]] | Francisco Rodríguez | [[Galician nationalism]]<br/>[[Left-wing nationalism]]<br/>[[Socialism]] | align="center"| 0.9% | {{big|'''2'''}} | align="center"| 1.0% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC) }} | [[File:Joan Puigcercós 2010 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Joan Puigcercós]] | [[Catalan independence]]<br/>[[Left-wing nationalism]]<br/>[[Social democracy]] | align="center"| 0.7% | {{big|'''1'''}} | colspan="2" {{n/a}}{{efn|name="Entesa"}} | {{na}} | <ref>{{cite news |date=21 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/21/catalunya/945742048_850215.html |title=Puigcercós encabezará la lista de ERC al Congreso |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Eusko Alkartasuna|Basque Solidarity]] (EA) }} | [[File:Begoña Lasagabaster 2023 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | Begoña Lasagabaster | [[Basque nationalism]]<br/>[[Social democracy]] | align="center"| 0.5% | {{big|'''1'''}} | align="center"| 0.5% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Union}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Valencian Union|UV]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Valencian Union]] (UV) }} | [[File:José María Chiquillo 2016 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[José María Chiquillo]] | [[Blaverism]]<br/>[[Conservatism]] | align="center"| 0.4% | {{big|'''1'''}} | align="center"| 0.4% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na}} | <ref>{{cite news |date=24 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/24/cvalenciana/948745083_850215.html |title=UV decide concurrir en solitario a las elecciones y Chiquillo se perfila como su candidato al Congreso |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Andalusian Party|PA]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Andalusian Party]] (PA) }} | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | José Núñez | [[Andalusian nationalism]]<br/>[[Social democracy]] | align="center"| 0.5% | {{big|'''0'''}} | align="center"| 0.6% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na}} | <ref>{{cite news |date=10 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/10/andalucia/944781723_850215.html |title=El PA aspira a formar un grupo parlamentario en el Congreso con canarios, aragoneses y valencianos |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Chunta Aragonesista|CHA]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Chunta Aragonesista|Aragonese Union]] (CHA) }} | [[File:José Antonio Labordeta 2009 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[José Antonio Labordeta]] | [[Aragonese nationalism]]<br/>[[Eco-socialism]] | align="center"| 0.2% | {{big|'''0'''}} | align="center"| 0.2% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Catalan Agreement of Progress}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Catalan Agreement of Progress|PSC–<br/>ERC–ICV]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] (PSC) | [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC) | [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens]] (ICV) }} | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | Mercedes Aroz | [[Catalanism]]<br/>[[Social democracy]]<br/>[[Eco-socialism]] | colspan="2" {{n/a}} | align="center"| <br/>7.9%<br/>{{efn|Results for [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC–PSOE]] (6.0%, 8 senators), [[Initiative for Catalonia|IC]]–[[The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia|EV]] (1.2%, 0 senators) and [[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]] (0.7%, 0 senators) in the 1996 Senate election.}} | {{big|'''8'''}} | {{na}} | <ref name="Entesa1">{{cite news |date=12 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/12/catalunya/947642845_850215.html |title=La izquierda catalana se presentará unida al Senado y formará grupo al margen del PSOE |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref><br/><ref name="Entesa2">{{cite news |date=15 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/15/catalunya/947902044_850215.html |title=La izquierda se presentará al Senado bajo la denominación de Entesa Catalana de Progrés |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref><br/><ref name="Entesa3">{{cite news |date=25 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/25/catalunya/948766060_850215.html |title=Los partidos de izquierda sellan su pacto para el Senado |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Pacte Progressista}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Pacte Progressista|Pacte]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) | [[United Left of the Balearic Islands|United Left]] (EU) | [[Entesa Nacionalista i Ecologista|Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement]] (ENE) | [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC) | [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens of Ibiza]] (EV–Eiv) }} | [[File:Fanny Tur 2017 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | Fanny Tur | [[Progressivism]] | colspan="2" {{n/a}} | align="center"| 0.2% | {{big|'''1'''}} | {{na}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Lanzarote Independents Party}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Lanzarote Independents Party|PIL]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Lanzarote Independents Party]] (PIL) }} | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | Dimas Martín | [[Regionalism (politics)|Insularism]]<br/>[[Canarian nationalism]] | colspan="2" {{n/a}} | align="center"| 0.2% | {{big|'''1'''}} | {{na}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Aragonese Party|PAR]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Aragonese Party]] (PAR) }} | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | Antonio Serrano | [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<br/>[[Centrism]] | colspan="4" {{n/a|{{small|Contested in alliance}}}}{{efn|The [[Aragonese Party|PAR]] (1 deputy and 3 senators) contested the 1996 election in alliance with the [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]].}} | {{na}} | <ref name="EP261099"/> |- ! colspan="12"| Not contesting |- style="background:#FFEAEA;" | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Euskal Herritarrok}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Euskal Herritarrok|EH]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Herri Batasuna|Popular Unity]] (HB)<br/>{{smaller|– [[Basque Nationalist Action]] (EAE/ANV)}} | [[Zutik|Stand Up]] (Zutik) }} | [[File:Arnaldo Otegi 2006 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Arnaldo Otegi]] | [[Basque independence]]<br/>[[Abertzale left]]<br/>[[Revolutionary socialism]] | align="center"| <br/>0.7%<br/>{{efn|name="HB"|Results for [[Herri Batasuna|HB]] in the 1996 election.}} | {{big|'''2'''}} | align="center"| <br/>0.8%<br/>{{efn|name="HB"}} | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na}} | <ref>{{cite news |last1=Ormazabal |first1=Mikel |last2=Martínez |first2=Isabel Cristina |date=18 October 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/10/18/espana/940197626_850215.html |title=HB promueve la abstención en las generales para frenar "el intrusismo español" |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Vitoria / San Sebastián |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref><br/><ref>{{cite news |date=1 November 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/01/espana/941410803_850215.html |title=Críticas unánimes a la decisión de HB de abstenerse en las elecciones |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=San Sebastián |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> |} The election was marked by the exploration of joint candidacies between the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) and other parties in the left of the political spectrum. One such example was in Catalonia, where a left-wing alliance came to fruition between the [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] (PSC), [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC) and [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|Initiative for Catalonia–Greens]] (IC–V) under the [[Catalan Agreement of Progress]] label,<ref name="Entesa1"/><ref name="Entesa2"/><ref name="Entesa3"/><ref>{{cite news |date=11 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/11/catalunya/944878045_850215.html |title=Los socialistas rechazan ir con Ciutadans pel Canvi a las elecciones legislativas |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> aiming to mirror the success of a similar alliance between the PSC and IC–V in the [[1999 Catalan regional election]].<ref>{{cite news |date=4 September 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/09/04/catalunya/936407244_850215.html |title=Maragall ve el pacto con IC-V como un paso hacia la creación de partidos amplios |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 November 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/21/catalunya/943150039_850215.html |title=El PSC e IC-V estudian repetir la coalición en las generales |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> Ahead of the Senate election in Ibiza and Formentera, PSOE, [[United Left of the Balearic Islands]] (EUIB), [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens]] (LV), [[Entesa Nacionalista i Ecologista|Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement]] (ENE) and ERC formed the [[Pacte Progressista|Pact for Ibiza and Formentera]].<ref>{{cite news |date=20 January 2000 |url=https://www.periodicodeibiza.es/pitiusas/local/2000/01/20/930813/el-pp-elige-esta-semana-candidatos-sin-que-el-pacte-haya-cerrado-aun-un-acuerdo.html |title=El PP elige esta semana candidatos sin que el Pacte haya cerrado aún un acuerdo |language=es |newspaper=Periódico de Ibiza |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=30 January 2000 |url=https://www.periodicodeibiza.es/pitiusas/local/2000/01/30/929189/els-verds-de-eivissa-se-integran-en-la-candidatura-unitaria-al-senado.html |title=Els Verds de Eivissa se integran en la candidatura unitaria al Senado |language=es |newspaper=Periódico de Ibiza |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 February 2000 |url=https://www.periodicodeibiza.es/pitiusas/local/2000/02/25/925089/pacte-y-pp-convencidos-de-ganar-el-disputado-escano-del-senado.html |title=Pacte y PP, convencidos de ganar el disputado escaño del Senado |language=es |newspaper=Periódico de Ibiza |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref>
Various attempts at forming a joint left-wing candidacy for the Senate in the Valencian Community were unsuccessful,<ref>{{cite news |date=14 November 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/14/cvalenciana/942610691_850215.html |title=Principio de acuerdo de la izquierda para la candidatura única al Senado |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/04/cvalenciana/944338685_850215.html |title=El PSPV enfría las posibilidades de lograr un acuerdo al Senado con el resto de partidos |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=10 December 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/10/cvalenciana/944857091_850215.html |title=La izquierda se muestra incapaz de pactar una lista única para el Senado |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> primarily due to disagreement over the label and format of such an alliance.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 November 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/18/cvalenciana/942956287_850215.html |title=El PSPV sólo aceptará una lista al Senado con EU bajo sus siglas |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 November 1999 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/28/cvalenciana/943820283_850215.html |title=El Consell Nacional de EU aprueba la "entesa" de la izquierda para el Senado bajo siglas unitarias |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/27/cvalenciana/949004285_850215.html |title=EU y Bloc, dispuestos a reabrir la negociación sobre la 'Entesa' al Senado con los socialistas |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/29/cvalenciana/949177082_850215.html |title=La ausencia de acuerdo entre PSOE e IU en Madrid frustra la posible 'Entesa' al Senado |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> Nationwide, an agreement was reached between the national leaderships of PSOE and [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]], under which both parties agreed to cooperate in the Senate elections for 27 constituencies: in those districts, and taking consideration of the Senate electoral system allowing up to three votes to each voter, the PSOE would field two candidates to one from IU, with the parties urging voters to cast their votes as if it were a joint list of three.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 February 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/02/espana/949446003_850215.html |title=PSOE e IU cierran un pacto para el Senado y descartan presentarse juntos al Congreso |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 February 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/07/espana/949878003_850215.html |title=PSOE e IU cerraron anoche el pacto para el Senado en 27 provincias |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> The PSOE also offered IU a similar agreement for the Congress of Deputies, wherein IU would not run in 34 constituencies where it would unlikely win a seat on its own,<ref>{{cite news |date=25 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/25/espana/948754821_850215.html |title=Almunia ofrece a IU un pacto de gobierno |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> with a later offer reducing the number to 14.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/29/espana/949100419_850215.html |title=El PSOE rebaja de 34 a 14 las provincias en las que pide a IU que retire sus listas |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> These offers were both rejected.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/28/espana/949014008_850215.html |title=PSOE e IU descartan la coalición pero acercan posiciones para un programa común |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/29/espana/949100403_850215.html |title=IU centró su estrategia en forzar una coalición en algunas provincias |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref>
[[Euskal Herritarrok|Basque Citizens]] (EH), the Basque electoral coalition including [[Herri Batasuna]], called for [[election boycott]] and urged its supporters to abstain.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 January 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/30/espana/949186806_850215.html |title=EH presentará listas para usar los espacios electorales |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=9 February 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/09/espana/950050822_850215.html |title=HB despliega una candidatura de presos y dirigentes de su Mesa Nacional para propugnar la abstención |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 February 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/27/espana/951606009_850215.html |title=Batzarre deja EH porque ETA ha puesto Lizarra "patas arriba" |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref>
==Campaign== ===Party slogans=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"| Party or alliance ! Original slogan ! English translation ! {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] | « Vamos a más » | "We are going for more" | <ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2004 |url=https://www.libertaddigital.com/nacional/un-mapa-de-espana-y-el-eslogan-juntos-vamos-a-mas-seran-las-claves-en-la-campana-electoral-del-pp-1276215219/ |title=Un mapa de España y el eslogan "Juntos vamos a más" serán las claves en la campaña electoral del PP |language=es |newspaper=Libertad Digital |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|p]] | « Lo próximo » | "What comes" | <ref>{{cite news |date=6 February 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/06/espana/949791601_850215.html |title=IU exige al PSOE que no pida "el voto útil" |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | [[United Left (Spain)|IU]] | « Somos necesarios » | "We are necessary" | <ref>{{cite web |date=12 May 2016 |url=http://sabemos.es/2016/05/12/16832_16832/ |title=Así naufragó la alianza PSOE-IU en las generales del 2000 |language=es |website=sabemos.es |publisher=Sabemos |access-date=27 January 2019 |archive-date=28 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128030429/http://sabemos.es/2016/05/12/16832_16832/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | [[Convergence and Union|CiU]] | « La força positiva » | "The positive force" | <ref>{{cite news |date=3 December 2015 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/multimedia/album/elecciones-generales/2015-12-03/de-1977-a-2015-los-carteles-electorales-de-la-democracia_1112217 |title=De 1977 a 2015, los carteles electorales de la democracia |language=es |newspaper=[[El Confidencial]] |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 December 2015 |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20151217/carteles-electorales-convergencia-unio-elecciones-generales-4743975 |title=Los carteles de Convergència y de Unió para las elecciones generales desde 1982 |language=es |newspaper=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"| | [[Galician Nationalist Bloc|BNG]] | « Galiza, coa capacidade de decidir » | "Galiza, with the ability to decide" | <ref>{{cite news |date=26 February 2000 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/26/espana/951519628_850215.html |title=El BNG aclara que su apoyo a un Gobierno progresista no sería "un cheque en blanco" |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |}
==Opinion polls== {{Main|Opinion polling for the 2000 Spanish general election}} {{wide image|OpinionPollingSpainGeneralElection2000.svg|750px|[[Local regression]] trend line of poll results from 3 March 1996 to 12 March 2000, with each line corresponding to a political party.}}
==Results== ===Congress of Deputies=== {{For|results by autonomous community/constituency|Results breakdown of the 2000 Spanish general election (Congress)}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |+ [[1996 Spanish general election#Congress of Deputies|←]] Summary of the 12 March 2000 [[Congress of Deputies]] election results [[2004 Spanish general election#Congress of Deputies|→]] |- | colspan="7"| [[File:SpainCongressDiagram2000.svg|center|400px]] |- ! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="525"| Parties and alliances ! colspan="3"| Popular vote ! colspan="2"| Seats |- ! width="75"| Votes ! width="45"| % ! width="45"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]] ! width="35"| Total ! width="35"| +/− |- | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) | 10,321,178 || 44.52 || style="color:green;"| +5.73 | '''183''' || style="color:green;"| +27 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|Progressives]] (PSOE–p) | 7,918,752 || 34.16 || style="color:red;"| −3.47 | '''125''' || style="color:red;"| −16 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] (IU)<sup>1</sup> | 1,263,043 || 5.45 || style="color:red;"| −3.90 | '''8''' || style="color:red;"| −11 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Convergence and Union]] (CiU) | 970,421 || 4.19 || style="color:red;"| −0.41 | '''15''' || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (EAJ/PNV) | 353,953 || 1.53 || style="color:green;"| +0.26 | '''7''' || style="color:green;"| +2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician Nationalist Bloc]] (BNG) | 306,268 || 1.32 || style="color:green;"| +0.44 | '''3''' || style="color:green;"| +1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"| | align="left"| [[Canarian Coalition]] (CC) | 248,261 || 1.07 || style="color:green;"| +0.19 | '''4''' || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Party]] (PA) | 206,255 || 0.89 || style="color:green;"| +0.35 | '''1''' || style="color:green;"| +1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | align="left"| [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC) | 194,715 || 0.84 || style="color:green;"| +0.17 | '''1''' || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia Greens}}"| | align="left"| [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|Initiative for Catalonia–Greens]] (IC–V)<sup>2</sup> | 119,290 || 0.51 || style="color:red;"| −0.68 | '''1''' || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"| | align="left"| [[Eusko Alkartasuna|Basque Solidarity]] (EA) | 100,742 || 0.43 || style="color:red;"| −0.03 | '''1''' || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}"| | align="left"| [[Chunta Aragonesista|Aragonese Union]] (CHA) | 75,356 || 0.33 || style="color:green;"| +0.13 | '''1''' || style="color:green;"| +1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Liberal Independent Group}}"| | align="left"| [[Liberal Independent Group]] (GIL) | 72,162 || 0.31 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Confederation of the Greens}}"| | align="left"| [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens]] (Verdes)<sup>3</sup> | 70,906 || 0.31 || style="color:green;"| +0.15 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Nationalist Bloc}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Nationalist Bloc]]–[[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens–Valencians for Change]] (BNV–EV)<sup>4</sup> | 58,551 || 0.25 || style="color:green;"| +0.06 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Union]] (UV) | 57,830 || 0.25 || style="color:red;"| −0.12 | 0 || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Leonese People's Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Leonese People's Union]] (UPL) | 41,690 || 0.18 || style="color:green;"| +0.13 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Aragonese Party]] (PAR) | 38,883 || 0.17 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre]] (UC–CDS) | 23,576 || 0.10 || style="color:red;"| −0.08 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|PSM–Nationalist Agreement}}"| | align="left"| [[PSM–Nationalist Agreement]] (PSM–EN) | 23,482 || 0.10 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Eco-pacifist Greens}}"| | align="left"| [[The Eco-pacifist Greens]] (LVEP) | 22,220 || 0.10 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens of the Community of Madrid}}"| | align="left"| [[The Greens of the Community of Madrid]] (LVCM) | 21,087 || 0.09 || style="color:green;"| +0.06 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens–Green Group}}"| | align="left"| [[The Greens–Green Group]] (LV–GV) | 20,618 || 0.09 || style="color:green;"| +0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Humanist Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Humanist Party (Spain)|Humanist Party]] (PH) | 19,683 || 0.08 || style="color:green;"| +0.03 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Commoners' Land}}"| | align="left"| [[Commoners' Land|Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party]] (TC–PNC) | 18,290 || 0.08 || style="color:green;"| +0.06 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Natural Law Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Natural Law Party]] (PLN) | 17,372 || 0.07 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|La Falange (1999)}}"| | align="left"| [[La Falange (1999)|The Phalanx]] (FE) | 14,431 || 0.06 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Asturian Renewal Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Asturian Renewal Union]] (URAS) | 13,360 || 0.06 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain}}"| | align="left"| [[Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain]] (PCPE) | 12,898 || 0.06 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party]] (POSI)<sup>5</sup> | 12,208 || 0.05 || style="color:green;"| +0.04 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens–Green Alternative}}"| | align="left"| [[The Greens–Green Alternative]] (EV–AV) | 11,579 || 0.05 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Lanzarote Independents Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Lanzarote Independents Party]] (PIL) | 10,323 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spain 2000}}"| | align="left"| [[España 2000|Spain 2000 Platform]] (ES2000) | 9,562 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Democratic Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Spanish Democratic Party]] (PADE) | 9,136 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence of Democrats of Navarre}}"| | align="left"| [[Convergence of Democrats of Navarre]] (CDN) | 8,646 || 0.04 || style="color:red;"| −0.03 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Majorcan Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Majorcan Union|Majorcan Union–Independents of Menorca]] (UM–INME) | 8,372 || 0.04 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Left}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Left]] (IA) | 8,175 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española Independiente}}"| | align="left"| [[Falange Española Independiente|Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000]] (FEI–FE 2000) | 6,621 || 0.03 || style="color:green;"| +0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Localist Bloc of Melilla}}"| | align="left"| [[Localist Bloc of Melilla]] (BLM) | 6,514 || 0.03 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Riojan Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Riojan Party]] (PR) | 6,155 || 0.03 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Partíu Asturianista}}"| | align="left"| [[Partíu Asturianista|Asturianist Party]] (PAS) | 5,876 || 0.03 || style="color:red;"| −0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Unity of Castile and León}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Unity of Castile and León]] (URCL) | 5,683 || 0.02 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Extremadura}}"| | align="left"| [[United Extremadura]] (EU) | 4,771 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Self-employed and Professionals}}"| | align="left"| Party of Self-employed and Professionals (AUTONOMO) | 4,218 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Candidacy (Castile and León)}}"| | align="left"| Independent Candidacy–The Party of Castile and León (CI–PCL) | 4,184 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Estat Català}}"| | align="left"| [[Estat Català|Catalan State]] (EC) | 3,356 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Nation}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Nation]] (NA) | 3,262 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Democracy}}"| | align="left"| Galician Democracy (DG) | 2,958 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Democratic Republican Action}}"| | align="left"| Republican Action (AR) | 2,858 || 0.01 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of the Democratic Karma}}"| | align="left"| [[Party of the Democratic Karma]] (PKD) | 2,759 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusia Assembly}}"| | align="left"| Andalusia Assembly (A) | 2,727 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Independents (EL–PAPI) | 2,713 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Extremaduran Coalition}}"| | align="left"| [[Extremaduran Coalition]] (PREx–CREx) | 2,371 || 0.01 || style="color:red;"| −0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Coalition}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician Coalition]] (CG) | 2,361 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Zamoran People's Union}}"| | align="left"| Zamoran People's Union (UPZ) | 2,347 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician People's Front}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician People's Front]] (FPG) | 2,252 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Carlist Party (1970)}}"| | align="left"| [[Carlist Party (1970)|Carlist Party]] (PC) | 2,131 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country|Salamanca–Zamora–León–PREPAL]] (PREPAL) | 2,118 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cantabrian Nationalist Council}}"| | align="left"| [[Cantabrian Nationalist Council]] (CNC) | 2,103 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andecha Astur}}"| | align="left"| [[Andecha Astur]] (AA) | 2,036 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Self-employed Spanish Party}}"| | align="left"| Self-employed Spanish Party (PEDA) | 1,904 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Internationalist Struggle}}"| | align="left"| Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) | 1,716 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party Association of Widows and Legal Wives}}"| | align="left"| Party Association of Widows and Legal Wives (PAVIEL) | 1,690 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left (Spain, 1977)}}"| | align="left"| [[Republican Left (Spain, 1977)|Republican Left–Left Republican Party]] (IR–PRE) | 1,541 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows}}"| | align="left"| Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows (PAE) | 1,462 || 0.01 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Independent Salamancan Union (USI) | 1,416 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Socialists of Extremadura}}"| | align="left"| [[Independent Socialists of Extremadura]] (SIEx) | 1,412 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Madrilenian Independent Regional Party}}"| | align="left"| Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM) | 1,363 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Caló Nationalist Party}}"| | align="left"| Caló Nationalist Party (PNCA) | 1,331 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of El Bierzo}}"| | align="left"| Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 1,191 || 0.01 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Asturian Left}}"| | align="left"| [[Asturian Left|Asturian Left Bloc]] (BIA) | 1,085 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Initiative}}"| | align="left"| Aragonese Initiative (INAR) | 1,057 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Progressives of Canaries Unity (UP–CAN) | 980 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Nationalist Left}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Nationalist Left]] (ENV) | 920 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Almerian Regionalist Union}}"| | align="left"| Almerian Regionalist Union (URAL) | 838 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta}}"| | align="left"| [[Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta]] (PSPC) | 788 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Nation State}}"| | align="left"| [[European Nation State]] (N) | 710 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Liberal and Social Democratic Coalition (CSD–L) | 650 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens' Convergence of the South-East}}"| | align="left"| [[Citizens' Convergence of the South-East]] (CCSE) | 645 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Federal Progressives (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| Federal Progressives (PF) | 609 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|New Region}}"| | align="left"| New Region (NR) | 598 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Positivist Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| Christian Positivist Party (PPCr) | 546 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Balearic People's Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Balearic People's Union]] (UPB) | 524 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Voice of the Andalusian People}}"| | align="left"| Voice of the Andalusian People (VDPA) | 493 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Initiative (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| Independent Initiative (II) | 425 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Guadalajara}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of Guadalajara]] (PRGU) | 400 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Iberian Union}}"| | align="left"| Iberian Union (UNIB) | 388 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| New Force (FN) | 343 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Social and Autonomist Liberal Group (ALAS) | 339 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Balearic Islands Renewal Party}}"| | align="left"| Balearic Islands Renewal Party (PRIB) | 334 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Pensionist Assembly of the Canaries}}"| | align="left"| Pensionist Assembly of the Canaries (TPC) | 319 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| National Union (UN) | 314 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cives}}"| | align="left"| Cives (Cives) | 206 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Movement for Humanist Socialism}}"| | align="left"| Movement for Humanist Socialism (MASH) | 121 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Democratic Party of the People (PDEP) | 85 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Nationalist Party of Melilla}}"| | align="left"| Nationalist Aprome (Aprome) | 60 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Euskal Herritarrok}}"| | align="left"| [[Euskal Herritarrok|Basque Citizens]] (EH)<sup>6</sup> | 0 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.72 | 0 || style="color:red;"| −2 |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots | 366,823 || 1.58 || style="color:green;"| +0.61 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Total | 23,181,290 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | 350 || ±0 |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes | 23,181,290 || 99.32 || style="color:red;"| −0.18 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"| |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes | 158,200 || 0.68 || style="color:green;"| +0.18 |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout | 23,339,490 || 68.71 || style="color:red;"| −8.67 |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions | 10,630,150 || 31.29 || style="color:green;"| +8.67 |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters | 33,969,640 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- | align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="InfoE">{{cite web |url=https://infoelectoral.interior.gob.es/es/elecciones-celebradas/resultados-electorales/ |title=Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales |language=es |publisher=[[Ministry of the Interior (Spain)|Ministry of the Interior]] |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="HE">{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e2000.html |title=Elecciones Generales 12 de marzo de 2000 |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="Results">{{cite journal |date=4 April 2000 |title=Acuerdo de 29 de marzo de 2000, de la Junta Electoral Central, por el que se ordena la publicación del resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 64/2000, de 17 de enero, y celebradas el 12 de marzo de 2000, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las distintas Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2000/04/04/pdfs/A14166-14194.pdf |language=es |journal=[[Official State Gazette]] |issue=81 |issn=0212-033X |pages=14166–14194 |access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=28 April 2000 |title=Acuerdo de 10 de abril de 2000, de la Junta Electoral Central, de publicación de corrección de errores del resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado, convocadas por Real Decreto 64/2000, de 17 de enero, y celebradas el 12 de marzo de 2000, según los datos que figuran en las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos, remitidas por las distintas Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2000/04/28/pdfs/A16593-16593.pdf |language=es |journal=[[Official State Gazette]] |issue=102 |issn=0212-033X |page=16593 |access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref> |- | colspan="7" style="text-align:left; max-width:790px;"| {{hidden|ta1=left|title=Footnotes:|content={{ubl | <sup>1</sup> [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] does not include [[Initiative for Catalonia]] results in Catalonia. | <sup>2</sup> [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|Initiative for Catalonia–Greens]] results are compared to Initiative for Catalonia totals in the 1996 election, only in Catalonia. | <sup>3</sup> [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens]] does not include results in the Valencian Community. | <sup>4</sup> [[Valencian Nationalist Bloc]]–[[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens–Valencians for Change]] results are compared to the combined totals of [[Valencian People's Union]]–[[Nationalist Valencian Party|Nationalist Bloc]] and [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens of the Valencian Country]] in the 1996 election. | <sup>5</sup> [[Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party]] results are compared to [[Republican Coalition (Spain, 1996)|Republican Coalition]] totals in the 1996 election. | <sup>6</sup> [[Euskal Herritarrok|Basque Citizens]] results are compared to [[Herri Batasuna|Popular Unity]] totals in the 1996 election. EH called for [[election boycott]] and urged its supporters to abstain.}}}} |}
{{bar box |title=Popular vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars= {{bar percent|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|44.52}} {{bar percent|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|p]]|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|34.16}} {{bar percent|[[United Left (Spain)|IU]]|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|5.45}} {{bar percent|[[Convergence and Union|CiU]]|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|4.19}} {{bar percent|[[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]]|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|1.53}} {{bar percent|[[Galician Nationalist Bloc|BNG]]|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}|1.32}} {{bar percent|[[Canarian Coalition|CC]]|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|1.07}} {{bar percent|[[Andalusian Party|PA]]|{{party color|Andalusian Party}}|0.89}} {{bar percent|[[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]]|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|0.84}} {{bar percent|[[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|IC–V]]|{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia Greens}}|0.51}} {{bar percent|[[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA]]|{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}|0.43}} {{bar percent|[[Chunta Aragonesista|CHA]]|{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}|0.33}} {{bar percent|Others|#777777|3.18}} {{bar percent|Blank ballots|#DDDDDD|1.58}} }} {{bar box |title=Seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars= {{bar percent|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|52.29}} {{bar percent|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|p]]|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|35.71}} {{bar percent|[[Convergence and Union|CiU]]|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|4.29}} {{bar percent|[[United Left (Spain)|IU]]|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|2.29}} {{bar percent|[[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]]|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|2.00}} {{bar percent|[[Canarian Coalition|CC]]|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|1.14}} {{bar percent|[[Galician Nationalist Bloc|BNG]]|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}|0.89}} {{bar percent|[[Andalusian Party|PA]]|{{party color|Andalusian Party}}|0.29}} {{bar percent|[[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]]|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|0.29}} {{bar percent|[[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|IC–V]]|{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia Greens}}|0.29}} {{bar percent|[[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA]]|{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}|0.29}} {{bar percent|[[Chunta Aragonesista|CHA]]|{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}|0.29}} }}
===Senate=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |+ [[1996 Spanish general election#Senate|←]] Summary of the 12 March 2000 [[Senate of Spain]] election results [[2004 Spanish general election#Senate|→]] |- | colspan="7"| [[File:SpainSenateDiagram2000.svg|center|375px]] |- ! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="525"| Parties and alliances ! colspan="3"| Popular vote ! colspan="2"| Seats |- ! width="75"| Votes ! width="45"| % ! width="45"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]] ! width="35"| Total ! width="35"| +/− |- | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) | 28,097,204 || 45.35 || style="color:green;"| +6.31 | '''127''' || style="color:green;"| +15 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|Progressives]] (PSOE–p)<sup>1</sup> | 16,323,744 || 26.35 || style="color:red;"| −5.35 | '''53''' || style="color:red;"| −20 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] (IU)<sup>2</sup> | 4,752,113 || 7.67 || style="color:red;"| −1.13 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Catalan Agreement of Progress}}"| | align="left"| [[Catalan Agreement of Progress]] ([[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC]]–[[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]]–[[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|IC–V]])<sup>3</sup> | 3,718,949 || 6.00 || style="color:red;"| −1.88 | '''8''' || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Convergence and Union]] (CiU) | 2,809,367 || 4.53 || style="color:red;"| −0.34 | '''8''' || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (EAJ/PNV) | 1,022,057 || 1.65 || style="color:green;"| +0.31 | '''6''' || style="color:green;"| +2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician Nationalist Bloc]] (BNG) | 887,326 || 1.43 || style="color:green;"| +0.45 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Party]] (PA) | 577,849 || 0.93 || style="color:green;"| +0.32 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"| | align="left"| [[Canarian Coalition]] (CC) | 438,149 || 0.71 || style="color:green;"| +0.14 | '''5''' || style="color:green;"| +4 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"| | align="left"| [[Eusko Alkartasuna|Basque Solidarity]] (EA) | 294,145 || 0.47 || style="color:red;"| −0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Liberal Independent Group}}"| | align="left"| [[Liberal Independent Group]] (GIL) | 215,285 || 0.35 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}"| | align="left"| [[Chunta Aragonesista|Aragonese Union]] (CHA) | 186,411 || 0.30 || style="color:green;"| +0.10 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Confederation of the Greens}}"| | align="left"| [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens]] (Verdes)<sup>4</sup> | 181,453 || 0.29 || style="color:green;"| +0.15 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Union]] (UV) | 174,419 || 0.28 || style="color:red;"| −0.13 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Leonese People's Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Leonese People's Union]] (UPL) | 126,859 || 0.20 || style="color:green;"| +0.13 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Aragonese Party]] (PAR) | 123,176 || 0.20 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Nationalist Bloc}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Nationalist Bloc]]–[[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens–Valencians for Change]] (BNV–EV)<sup>5</sup> | 83,006 || 0.13 || style="color:red;"| −0.06 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Commoners' Land}}"| | align="left"| [[Commoners' Land|Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party]] (TC–PNC) | 70,979 || 0.11 || style="color:green;"| +0.07 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Humanist Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Humanist Party (Spain)|Humanist Party]] (PH) | 67,228 || 0.11 || style="color:green;"| +0.07 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre]] (UC–CDS) | 65,024 || 0.10 || style="color:red;"| −0.09 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens of the Community of Madrid}}"| | align="left"| [[The Greens of the Community of Madrid]] (LVCM) | 55,357 || 0.09 || style="color:green;"| +0.07 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party]] (POSI)<sup>6</sup> | 51,185 || 0.08 || style="color:green;"| +0.06 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain}}"| | align="left"| [[Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain]] (PCPE) | 50,326 || 0.08 || style="color:green;"| +0.03 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens–Green Alternative}}"| | align="left"| [[The Greens–Green Alternative]] (EV–AV) | 49,799 || 0.08 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Eco-pacifist Greens}}"| | align="left"| [[The Eco-pacifist Greens]] (LVEP) | 49,326 || 0.08 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens–Green Group}}"| | align="left"| [[The Greens–Green Group]] (LV–GV) | 45,248 || 0.07 || style="color:red;"| −0.03 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|PSM–Nationalist Agreement}}"| | align="left"| [[PSM–Nationalist Agreement]] (PSM–EN) | 44,953 || 0.07 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Asturian Renewal Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Asturian Renewal Union]] (URAS) | 41,829 || 0.07 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|La Falange (1999)}}"| | align="left"| [[La Falange (1999)|The Phalanx]] (FE) | 35,655 || 0.06 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens–Green Option}}"| | align="left"| [[The Greens–Green Option]] (EV–OV) | 34,601 || 0.06 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Carlist Traditionalist Communion}}"| | align="left"| [[Carlist Traditionalist Communion]] (CTC) | 32,066 || 0.05 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Pacte Progressista}}"| | align="left"| [[Pacte Progressista|Progressive Pact]] (Pacte–PPM)<sup>7</sup> | 30,619 || 0.05 || style="color:green;"| +0.02 | 0 || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Majorcan Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Majorcan Union]] (UM) | 26,275 || 0.04 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española Independiente}}"| | align="left"| [[Falange Española Independiente|Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000]] (FEI–FE 2000) | 24,964 || 0.04 || style="color:green;"| +0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Left}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Left]] (IA) | 23,688 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence of Democrats of Navarre}}"| | align="left"| [[Convergence of Democrats of Navarre]] (CDN) | 22,952 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Partíu Asturianista}}"| | align="left"| [[Partíu Asturianista|Asturianist Party]] (PAS) | 20,005 || 0.03 || style="color:red;"| −0.03 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Riojan Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Riojan Party]] (PR) | 19,667 || 0.03 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Extremadura}}"| | align="left"| [[United Extremadura]] (EU) | 18,937 || 0.03 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Unity of Castile and León}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Unity of Castile and León]] (URCL) | 18,387 || 0.03 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Estat Català}}"| | align="left"| [[Estat Català|Catalan State]] (EC) | 17,825 || 0.03 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Democratic Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Spanish Democratic Party]] (PADE) | 17,400 || 0.03 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| New Force (FN) | 15,452 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Alliance for Development and Nature}}"| | align="left"| Alliance for Development and Nature (ADN) | 15,378 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Independents (EL–PAPI) | 15,340 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Bounced Public Workers (TPR) | 15,094 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Natural Law Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Natural Law Party]] (PLN) | 14,211 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Democracy}}"| | align="left"| Galician Democracy (DG) | 13,693 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Lanzarote Independents Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Lanzarote Independents Party]] (PIL) | 13,528 || 0.02 || ±0.00 | '''1''' || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Localist Bloc of Melilla}}"| | align="left"| [[Localist Bloc of Melilla]] (BLM) | 13,060 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Democratic Republican Action}}"| | align="left"| Republican Action (AR) | 12,531 || 0.02 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Candidacy (Castile and León)}}"| | align="left"| Independent Candidacy–The Party of Castile and León (CI–PCL) | 12,215 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left (Spain, 1977)}}"| | align="left"| [[Republican Left (Spain, 1977)|Republican Left–Left Republican Party]] (IR–PRE) | 12,207 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Castilian Left}}"| | align="left"| [[Castilian Left]] (IzCa) | 11,921 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | align="left"| [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC)<sup>8</sup> | 11,828 || 0.02 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusia Assembly}}"| | align="left"| Andalusia Assembly (A) | 10,988 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Self-employed and Professionals}}"| | align="left"| Party of Self-employed and Professionals (AUTONOMO) | 10,863 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party Association of Widows and Legal Wives}}"| | align="left"| Party Association of Widows and Legal Wives (PAVIEL) | 9,240 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andecha Astur}}"| | align="left"| [[Andecha Astur]] (AA) | 8,925 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country|Salamanca–Zamora–León–PREPAL]] (PREPAL) | 8,691 || 0.01 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of the Democratic Karma}}"| | align="left"| [[Party of the Democratic Karma]] (PKD) | 8,433 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Zamoran People's Union}}"| | align="left"| Zamoran People's Union (UPZ) | 7,928 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Nation}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Nation]] (NA) | 7,821 || 0.01 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician People's Front}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician People's Front]] (FPG) | 7,748 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spain 2000}}"| | align="left"| [[España 2000|Spain 2000 Platform]] (ES2000) | 7,258 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Iberian Union}}"| | align="left"| Iberian Union (UNIB) | 6,760 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Carlist Party (1970)}}"| | align="left"| [[Carlist Party (1970)|Carlist Party]] (PC) | 6,421 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Self-employed Spanish Party}}"| | align="left"| Self-employed Spanish Party (PEDA) | 5,985 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Nationalist Left}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Nationalist Left]] (ENV) | 5,837 || 0.01 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Iberian Unity (UI) | 5,767 || 0.01 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Asturian Left}}"| | align="left"| [[Asturian Left|Asturian Left Bloc]] (BIA) | 5,550 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Independent Salamancan Union (USI) | 5,018 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Internationalist Struggle}}"| | align="left"| Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) | 4,624 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Initiative}}"| | align="left"| Aragonese Initiative (INAR) | 4,244 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Madrilenian Independent Regional Party}}"| | align="left"| Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM) | 4,204 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Natural Culture}}"| | align="left"| Natural Culture (CN) | 4,010 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Almerian Regionalist Union}}"| | align="left"| Almerian Regionalist Union (URAL) | 3,951 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cantabrian Nationalist Council}}"| | align="left"| [[Cantabrian Nationalist Council]] (CNC) | 3,929 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Coalition}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician Coalition]] (CG) | 3,153 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of El Bierzo}}"| | align="left"| Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 2,409 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Immigrants with the Right to Equality and Obligations (INDIO) | 2,272 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Pensionist Assembly of the Canaries}}"| | align="left"| Pensionist Assembly of the Canaries (TPC) | 1,972 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Positivist Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| Christian Positivist Party (PPCr) | 1,911 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Spanish New Republicans (NURP) | 1,878 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Progressives of Canaries Unity (UP–CAN) | 1,847 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Federal Progressives (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| Federal Progressives (PF) | 1,787 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Liberal and Social Democratic Coalition (CSD–L) | 1,741 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Guadalajara}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of Guadalajara]] (PRGU) | 1,630 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Nation State}}"| | align="left"| [[European Nation State]] (N) | 1,601 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Green Group (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| European Green Group (GVE) | 1,532 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta}}"| | align="left"| [[Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta]] (PSPC) | 1,511 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Balearic People's Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Balearic People's Union]] (UPB) | 1,413 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Initiative (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| Independent Initiative (II) | 1,374 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows}}"| | align="left"| Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows (PAE) | 1,087 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Voice of the Andalusian People}}"| | align="left"| Voice of the Andalusian People (VDPA) | 1,007 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Social and Autonomist Liberal Group (ALAS) | 895 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cives}}"| | align="left"| Cives (Cives) | 889 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|New Region}}"| | align="left"| New Region (NR) | 874 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Movement for Humanist Socialism}}"| | align="left"| Movement for Humanist Socialism (MASH) | 869 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Spanish Action (AE) | 817 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens' Convergence of the South-East}}"| | align="left"| [[Citizens' Convergence of the South-East]] (CCSE) | 699 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Balearic Islands Renewal Party}}"| | align="left"| Balearic Islands Renewal Party (PRIB) | 687 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| National Union (UN) | 491 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Nationalist Party of Melilla}}"| | align="left"| Nationalist Aprome (Aprome) | 154 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Clean Hands Project (PML) | 0 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots{{efn|The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.}} | 642,682 || 2.82 || style="color:green;"| +0.85 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Total | 61,955,642 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | 208 || ±0 |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes | 22,799,475 || 97.51 || style="color:green;"| +0.10 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"| |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes | 583,192 || 2.49 || style="color:red;"| −0.10 |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout | 23,382,667 || 68.83 || style="color:red;"| −8.50 |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions | 10,586,973 || 31.17 || style="color:green;"| +8.50 |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters | 33,969,640 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- | align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HESenate"/><ref name="InfoE"/><ref name="HE"/><ref name="Results"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e2000comp.html#s |title=Elecciones al Senado 2000 |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref> |- | colspan="7" style="text-align:left; max-width:790px;"| {{hidden|ta1=left|title=Footnotes:|content={{ubl | <sup>1</sup> [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|Progressives]] results are compared to Spanish Socialist Workers' Party totals in the 1996 election, not including results in Catalonia. | <sup>2</sup> [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] does not include [[Initiative for Catalonia]] results in Catalonia. | <sup>3</sup> [[Catalan Agreement of Progress]] results are compared to the combined totals of [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]], [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] and [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] in Catalonia in the 1996 election. | <sup>4</sup> [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens]] does not include results in the Valencian Community. | <sup>5</sup> [[Valencian Nationalist Bloc]]–[[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens–Valencians for Change]] results are compared to the combined totals of [[Valencian People's Union]]–[[Nationalist Valencian Party|Nationalist Bloc]] and [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens of the Valencian Country]] in the 1996 election. | <sup>6</sup> [[Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party]] results are compared to [[Republican Coalition (Spain, 1996)|Republican Coalition]] totals in the 1996 election. | <sup>7</sup> [[Pacte Progressista|Progressive Pact]] results are compared to Ibiza and Formentera in the Senate totals in the 1996 election. | <sup>8</sup> [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] does not include results in Catalonia.}}}} |}
{{bar box |title=Popular vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars= {{bar percent|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|45.35}} {{bar percent|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|p]]|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|26.35}} {{bar percent|[[United Left (Spain)|IU]]|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|7.67}} {{bar percent|[[Catalan Agreement of Progress|ECdP]]|{{party color|Catalan Agreement of Progress}}|6.00}} {{bar percent|[[Convergence and Union|CiU]]|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|4.53}} {{bar percent|[[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]]|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|1.65}} {{bar percent|[[Galician Nationalist Bloc|BNG]]|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}|1.43}} {{bar percent|[[Canarian Coalition|CC]]|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|0.71}} {{bar percent|[[Lanzarote Independents Party|PIL]]|{{party color|Lanzarote Independents Party}}|0.02}} {{bar percent|Others|#777777|5.25}} {{bar percent|''Blank ballots''|#DDDDDD|2.82}} }} {{bar box |title=Seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars= {{bar percent|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|61.06}} {{bar percent|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]–[[Democratic Party of the New Left|p]]|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|25.48}} {{bar percent|[[Catalan Agreement of Progress|ECdP]]|{{party color|Catalan Agreement of Progress}}|3.85}} {{bar percent|[[Convergence and Union|CiU]]|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|3.85}} {{bar percent|[[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]]|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|2.88}} {{bar percent|[[Canarian Coalition|CC]]|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|2.40}} {{bar percent|[[Lanzarote Independents Party|PIL]]|{{party color|Lanzarote Independents Party}}|0.48}} }}
===Maps=== <gallery mode="packed" heights="250"> File:2000 Spanish general election map.svg|Election results by constituency (Congress). File:2000 Spanish election - Results.svg|Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress). File:2000 Spanish election - AC results.svg|Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress). </gallery>
==Aftermath== ===Government formation=== {{See|Second government of José María Aznar}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- | colspan="3"| '''Investiture'''<br/>[[Congress of Deputies]]<br/>{{small|Nomination of [[José María Aznar]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]])}} |- ! colspan="2" width="150px"| Ballot → ! 26 April 2000 |- ! colspan="2"| Required majority → | 176 out of 350 {{tick|15}} |- ! style="width:1px; color:inherit;background:green;"| | style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = <span style="font-weight:normal;">Yes</span> | • [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] (183) | • [[Convergence and Union|CiU]] (15) | • [[Canarian Coalition|CC]] (4) }} | {{Composition bar|202|350|green|width=125px}} |- ! style="color:inherit;background:red;"| | style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = <span style="font-weight:normal;">No</span> | • [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] (125) | • [[United Left (Spain)|IU]] (8) | • [[Basque Nationalist Party|PNV]] (7) | • [[Galician Nationalist Bloc|BNG]] (3) | • [[Andalusian Party|PA]] (1) | • [[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]] (1) | • [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens|ICV]] (1) | • [[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA]] (1) | • [[Chunta Aragonesista|CHA]] (1) }} | {{Composition bar|148|350|red|width=125px}} |- ! style="color:inherit;background:gray;"| | style="text-align:left;"| Abstentions | {{Composition bar|0|350|gray|width=125px}} |- ! style="color:inherit;background:black;"| | style="text-align:left;"| Absentees | {{Composition bar|0|350|black|width=125px}} |- | style="text-align:left;" colspan="4"| Sources<ref name="HECongressVotes">{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/congresovota.html |title=Congreso de los Diputados: Votaciones más importantes |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref> |}
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
==Bibliography== '''Legislation''' {{refbegin|30em}} *{{cite act |italics=y |title=Constitución Española |type=Constitution |date=27 December 1978 |orig-date=version as of 28 August 1992 |reporter=[[Official State Gazette]] |id=BOE-A-1978-31229 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229&tn=1&p=19920828 |access-date=27 December 2016 |ref={{harvid|Constitution|1978}}}} *{{cite act |italics=y |title=Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General |type=Organic Law |number=5/1985 |date=19 June 1985 |orig-date=version as of 22 April 1999 |reporter=[[Official State Gazette]] |id=BOE-A-1985-11672 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672&tn=1&p=19990422 |access-date=28 December 2016 |ref={{harvid|LOREG|1985}}}} *{{cite act |italics=y |title=Ley 13/1997, de 25 de abril, por la que pasa a denominarse oficialmente Illes Balears la provincia de Baleares |type=Law |number=13/1997 |date=25 April 1997 |reporter=[[Official State Gazette]] |id=BOE-A-1997-9019 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1997-9019 |access-date=19 April 2026 |ref={{harvid|Law 13/1997|1997}}}} *{{cite act |italics=y |title=Ley 2/1998, 3 de marzo, sobre el cambio de denominación de las provincias de La Coruña y Orense |type=Law |number=2/1998 |date=3 March 1998 |reporter=[[Official State Gazette]] |id=BOE-A-1998-5184 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1998-5184 |access-date=9 April 2026 |ref={{harvid|Law 2/1998|1998}}}} *{{cite act |italics=y |title=Real Decreto 64/2000, de 17 de enero, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones |type=Royal Decree |number=64/2000 |date=17 January 2000 |reporter=[[Official State Gazette]] |id=BOE-A-2000-1001 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2000-1001 |access-date=1 April 2026 |ref={{harvid|Royal Decree 64/2000|2000}}}} {{refend}}
'''Other''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |last1=Carreras de Odriozola |first1=Albert |last2=Tafunell Sambola |first2=Xavier |year=2005 |orig-year=1989 |title=Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX |url=http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf |language=es |volume=1 |location=Bilbao |publisher=Fundación BBVA |pages=1072–1097 |edition=II |isbn=84-96515-00-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |df=dmy-all}} *{{cite report |last=Whitfield |first=Teresa |date=December 2015 |title=Special Report 384. The Basque Conflict and ETA. The Difficulties of an Ending |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/195389/SR384-The-Basque-Conflict-and-ETA-The-Difficulties-of-An-Ending.pdf |language=en |publisher=[[United States Institute of Peace]] |access-date=19 March 2025}} *{{cite book |last=Sangrador-Vegas |first=Begoña |year=2020 |title=The Nation in Its Labyrinth: An Introduction to Contemporary Spain since 1898 |chapter=People's Party (1996-2004): Economic Boom, Immigration and 11-M |url=https://pressbooks.pub/spainthenationinitslabyrinth/chapter/chapter-7-peoples-party-1996-2004-economic-boom-immigratuin-and-11-m/ |language=es |publisher=[[Pressbooks]] |location=Madrid |access-date=18 March 2026}} {{refend}}
==External links== *{{Commons category-inline}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:General election in Spain, 2000}} [[Category:2000 elections in Spain]] [[Category:General elections in Spain|2000]] [[Category:March 2000 in Spain]]