2-6-6-0

{{Short description|Articulated locomotive wheel arrangement}} {{Infobox steam wheel arrangement | name = 2-6-6-0 | image = WheelArrangement 2-6-6-0.svg | alt = Diagram of one small leading wheel and two trios of large driving wheels, each trio joined by a coupling rod | caption = Front of locomotive at left | image2 = Class MA 2-6-6-0 no. 336.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = [[South African Class MA 2-6-6-0|NGR Mallet 2-6-6-0 of 1909]]  | hatnote = | UIC/Germany/Italy= (1C)C, (1'C)C | French/Spanish = 130+030 | Turkish = 34+33 | Swiss = 3/4+3/3 | Russian = 1-3-0+0-3-0  | date = 1904 | country = Dutch East Indies ([[Indonesia]]) | locomotive = SS Class 520 (DKA CC10) | railway = [[Staatsspoorwegen]] | designer = Sachsische Maschinenfabrik (Hartmann) | builder = [[Sachsische Maschinenfabrik]] | evolvedfrom = | evolvedto = | mainbenefit = | maindrawback =  | date2 = 1909 | country2 = [[Colony of Natal]] | locomotive2 = [[South African Class MA 2-6-6-0|NGR 2-6-6-0, SAR Class MA]] | railway2 = [[Natal Government Railways]] | designer2 = [[American Locomotive Company]] | builder2 = American Locomotive Company | evolvedfrom2 = | evolvedto2 = | mainbenefit2 = | maindrawback2 =  | date3 = | country3 = | locomotive3 = | railway3 = | designer3 = | builder3 = | evolvedfrom3 = | evolvedto3 = | mainbenefit3 = | maindrawback3 = }}

Under the [[Whyte notation]] for the classification of [[steam locomotive]]s by [[wheel arrangement]], {{nowrap|'''2-6-6-0'''}} is a locomotive with one pair of unpowered [[leading wheel]]s, followed by two sets of three pairs of powered [[driving wheel]]s and no [[trailing wheel]]s. The wheel arrangement was principally used on [[Mallet locomotive|Mallet-type]] [[articulated locomotive]]s. Some [[tank locomotive]] examples were also built, for which various suffixes to indicate the type of tank would be added to the wheel arrangement, for example {{nowrap|2-6-6-0T}} for an engine with side-tanks.

==Overview== The 2-6-6-0 wheel arrangement was most often used for articulated compound steam [[Mallet locomotive]]s. In a compound Mallet, the rear set of coupled wheels are driven by the smaller high pressure cylinders, from which spent steam is then fed to the larger low pressure cylinders that drive the front set of coupled wheels.<ref name="Steam">[[:en:Steam engine#Compounding engines|Compounding Steam Engines]]</ref><ref name="Holland 1">{{Holland-Vol 1|pages=103-105}}</ref><ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Paxton-Bourne|pages=84-85, 87-88}}</ref>

==Usage== === Indonesia === [[File:Java State Railways 2-6+6-0 steam locomotive Nr. 360 (Schwartzkopff Locomotive Works, Berlin 4134 1907).jpg|thumb|First batch of 2-6-6-0T used by Java ''Staatsspoorwegen'' (State Railway)]] [[File:HUA-172047-Afbeelding van de fabrieksnieuwe stoomlocomotief nr 367 367 376 van de Staatsspoorwegen in Nederlands Indië bij Werkspoor te Amsterdam.jpg|thumb|Second batch of 2-6-6-0T Java State Railway from [[Werkspoor]]]] The ''Java [[Staatsspoorwegen]]'' (SS/JSS) operated its first of 2-6-6-0[[Tank locomotive|T]]s in the 1904. The first batch was delivered between 1904 and 1909 from [[Berliner Maschinenbau|Schwartzkopff]] and [[Sächsische Maschinenfabrik|Hartmann]]. The second batch, delivered between 1910 and 1911, was built by [[Werkspoor]]. The front water tanks of the first batch are square, those on the second batch are sloped.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=De Jong |first=H. |title=De Locomotieven van Werkspoor |publisher=Alk |year=1986 |isbn=978-90-6013-933-2 |language=Dutch}}</ref> These were successor of the first Mallets the {{whyte|0-4-4-2|T}} SS Class 500s (DKA BB10s), which were delivered in 1900 and worked on the {{TrackGauge|3ft6in}} gauge heavy mountain lines of [[West Java]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oegema |first=J.J.G. |title=De Stoomtractie op Java en Sumatra |publisher=Kluwer Technische Boeken |year=1982 |isbn=978-90-201-1520-8 |location=Deventer-Antwerpen |language=Dutch}}</ref> Just after arrived on Java, these engines classified as SS Class 312–387, but later renumbered as SS Class 520 (521–543) and worked for mixed passenger and freight trains on Purwakarta–Bandung and Cicalengka–Banjar lines. After Japanese occupation and Indonesian Independence, these locomotives were renumbered to CC10 and used by ''Djawatan Kereta Api'' (DKA / The Department of Railway), also known as the [[Kereta Api Indonesia|Indonesian State Railway]]. By the end of the service, the CC10s were allocated in Rangkasbitung and Cibatu depots. All of CC10s were withdrawn from active service in 1980s and scrapped.<ref name=":1" />

In 1927–1928, the ''Java Staatsspoorwegen'' imported 16 2-6-6-0 Mallet locomotives from the [[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works]] and 14 from [[Werkspoor]] for the mountain lines in West Java.<ref>{{Cite book |last=De Jong |first=H. |title=De Locomotieven van Werkspoor |publisher=Alk |year=1986 |isbn=978-90-6013-933-2 |language=Dutch}}</ref> These were a compact version of the '''Bull Moose''' {{whyte|2-8-8-0}} SS Class 1250 (DKA DD52). They worked on Cibatu–[[Garut railway station|Garut]]–Cikajang and [[Purwakarta railway station|Purwakarta]]–[[Padalarang railway station|Padalarang]] lines. The experience gained by the SS modifying earlier Mallets helped them design these locomotives to use standard parts that could be exchanged with other SS locomotives. These locomotives also known as ''De Bergkoningin'' or The Queen of the Mountain. They were known as ''Si Gombar'' by locals due to the ability on the mountain lines and its huge size. The [[SS 1600 class|Class 1600]] proved more powerful than other SS locomotives, and able to haul trains weighing 1,300 tons at a speed of {{convert|55|kph|mph}}, and being able to negotiate tight curves. These locomotives were used throughout Java.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |author=Yoga Bagus Prayogo |author2=Yohanes Sapto Prabowo |author3=Diaz Radityo |title=Kereta Api di Indonesia. Sejarah Lokomotif di Indonesia |publisher=Jogja Bangkit Publisher |year=2017 |isbn=978-602-0818-55-9 |location=Jogjakarta |language=Indonesian}}</ref> During the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]] in 1942, all of SS locomotives were renumbered based on the [[Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification|Japanese numberings]]. The Class 1600s were renumbered CC50. This numbering system remained in use after the Independence of Indonesia by ''Djawatan Kereta Api'' (DKA). By 1971, these locomotives were located at Cibatu, [[Banjar railway station|Banjar]], [[Purwakarta railway station|Purwakarta]], [[Purwokerto railway station|Purwokerto]], [[Ambarawa Railway Museum|Ambarawa]], [[Madiun railway station|Madiun]] and Sidotopo (Surabaya) locomotive depots.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Durrant |first=A.E. |title=PNKA Power Parade |publisher=Continental Railway Circle |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-9503469-0-8}}</ref> The last operational units of the class was based at Cibatu and they were withdrawn from service in 1984.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Wilson |last1=Lythgoe |first2=Rob |last2=Dickinson |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/tales/lythgoe01.htm |title=Once upon a time, long ago, Another Visit to the Last Working Mallet Tender Engines in the World..., Java, 1983 |website=internationalsteam.co.uk |access-date=14 April 2025}}</ref>

==== Preservation ==== [[File:DKA CC50 (50 29 A).jpg|thumb|DKA CC50 29 at [[Ambarawa Railway Museum]]]] The steam era in Indonesia ended in the early 1980s. The remaining locomotives were dumped in station sheds. The last CC50 retired in 1984 after the closure of Cibatu-Garut line.

In 1981, CC50 22 from [[Purwokerto railway station|Purwokerto]] depot was donated by the Indonesian government to the [[Railway Museum (Netherlands)]], as a symbol of friendship between Indonesia and the Netherlands. This locomotive was returned to its original colonial number 1622. In 2023, only three CC50s remain: 01 and 22 built by [[Werkspoor]] and [[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works|SLM]] 29. CC50 01 is preserved at the Transportation Museum of [[Taman Mini Indonesia Indah]], CC50 22 at [[Railway Museum (Netherlands)|Netherlands Railway Museum]] and CC50 29 at [[Ambarawa Railway Museum]].

===New Zealand=== [[File:E66 Petone Workshops 1906.JPG|thumb|left|[[NZR E class (1906)|NZR E class 2-6-6-0T Mallet]]]] The sole [[NZR E class (1906)|NZR E class]] locomotive of 1906 was the only 2-6-6-0T locomotive ever built for and used by the [[New Zealand Railways Department]]. It was built at the Petone Workshops in Wellington and was designed for use on the world famous [[Rimutaka Incline]]. Numbered 66, making it E 66, it spent the first part of its working life in the Wellington region hauling trains up and down the Rimutaka Incline. It was eventually transferred to the Wellington-Johnsonville section for banking duties, even though it was not designed for that type of work. In 1917, E 66 was withdrawn from service and scrapped. It did not survive long enough for preservation.<ref name="mcclare1">E. J. McClare, ''Steam Locomotives of New Zealand, Part Two: 1900 to 1930'' (Wellington: New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society, 1988), 95.</ref> ===Spain=== The Central De Aragón Railway had a few overweight [[0-6-6-0]][[Tank locomotive#Side tank|T]] locomotives converged into tender engines of this wheel arrangement in the 1910s, none were preserved.

===South Africa=== The South African Railways (SAR) operated 57 Mallet locomotives with this wheel arrangement, spread over six classes, all of them {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}}. * In 1909, the [[Natal Government Railways]] (NGR) placed a single experimental 2-6-6-0 Mallet articulated [[Compound locomotive|compound steam locomotive]] in service. Built by the [[American Locomotive Company]] (ALCO), this was the first Mallet type compound steam locomotive to enter service in South Africa. The locomotive had [[Walschaerts valve gear]], a bar frame and used saturated steam. At the time it was the most powerful locomotive in the country. In 1912, when it was assimilated into the SAR, it was designated [[South African Class MA 2-6-6-0|Class MA]].<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Holland 2">{{Holland-Vol 2|pages=13-14, 21-22, 29, 36-37, 140}}</ref><ref name="SAR Renumber">Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 9, 12, 15, 46 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)</ref> [[File:SAR Class MB 1602 (2-6-6-0) NGR 337.jpg|thumb|[[South African Class MB 2-6-6-0|SAR Class MB]] Mallet]] * In 1910, following on the satisfactory performance of the experimental Mallet, the NGR placed five more in service, also built by ALCO. These five differed little from the previous Mallet, basically only in respect of larger boilers which made them slightly heavier and tenders with a larger coal capacity. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the SAR, they were designated [[South African Class MB 2-6-6-0|Class MB]].<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="SAR Renumber"/> * In 1912, the SAR placed ten [[South African Class MC 2-6-6-0|Class MC]] Mallets in service. Built by the [[North British Locomotive Company]] (NBL), these also had Walschaerts valve gear and used saturated steam. Their [[South African type TM tender|Type TM tenders]] were the same as those of the SAR's [[South African Class 3 4-8-2|Class 3 4-8-2]], but they differed little from the previous Mallets in size, power and performance. Two of them were equipped with superheaters at a later date, but no others were modified in this manner.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="SAR Renumber"/><ref name="NBL">North British Locomotive Company works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser</ref> [[File:Class MC1 (2-6-6-0).jpg|thumb|[[South African Class MC1 2-6-6-0|SAR Class MC1]] Mallet]] * In 1914, the SAR placed fifteen [[South African Class MC1 2-6-6-0|Class MC1]] Mallets in service. Ordered from NBL in 1913, they were an improved version of the Class MC with a redesigned boiler which included a superheater, and with {{convert|0.5|in|mm|abbr=off|sigfig=3}} larger diameter low pressure and high pressure cylinders. The result was a much better performing locomotive with an increased tractive effort.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="NBL"/> * Between 1914 and 1921, the SAR placed eighteen [[South African Class MJ 2-6-6-0|Class MJ]] Mallets in branchline service. Designed by D.A. Hendrie, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the SAR from 1910 to 1922, they were superheated and had Walschaerts valve gear and [[Belpaire firebox]]es. Ten were ordered from [[Maffei (company)|Maffei]] but, as a result of the outbreak of the [[First World War]], only two could be delivered from Germany in 1914. The order for the remaining eight was then transferred to NBL, who delivered them in 1917. After the cessation of hostilities, Maffei requested that the already built balance of the original order also be accepted. These eight locomotives were delivered in 1921.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="NBL"/><ref name="diagram-book">South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended</ref><ref name=SAMEJ-1576-529>{{cite journal|last=Hendrie|title=Engine Power on the S.A.R.|journal=South African Mining and Engineering Journal|date=10 December 1921|volume=XXXII|issue=1576|page=529|url=https://archive.org/stream/p2saminingengine32joha#page/529}}</ref><ref name="NBL 2">North British Locomotive Co. works list (from J. Lambert)</ref> [[File:SAR Class MJ1 1673 (2-6-6-0).jpg|thumb|[[South African Class MJ1 2-6-6-0|SAR Class MJ1]] Mallet]] * In 1918, the SAR placed eight [[South African Class MJ1 2-6-6-0|Class MJ1]] Mallets in branchline service. Because of the disruption of British and German locomotive builders during the First World War, they were ordered from [[Montreal Locomotive Works]] (MLW) in Canada. The locomotive design was by MLW, based on the specifications for the Class MJ Mallet. Like the Class MJ, they were superheated, with Walschaerts valve gear and Belpaire fireboxes, but with slightly larger boilers and with the sandbox mounted on the boiler in North American style. The Class MJ1 was the last Mallet type to be placed in service by the SAR and all its subsequent new articulated locomotives were to be Garratts and Modified Fairlies.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="diagram-book"/><ref name="Durrant">{{Durrant-Twilight|pages=24-25}}</ref>

===United States=== [[File:Virginian Ry Class AA 2-6-6-0 Mallet.png|thumb|left|Virginian Railway Class AA Mallet]] At least two American railroads used 2-6-6-0 Mallet locomotives. One was the [[Denver, Northwestern and Pacific Railway]], which later became the [[Denver and Salt Lake Railroad]] and eventually the [[Denver and Salt Lake Railway]]. Towards the end of their service life, after the acquisition of the Denver and Salt Lake, these locomotives were used by the [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]] (D&RGW). The locomotives were initially used across the [[Rollins Pass]] and later on the [[Moffat Tunnel]] route of the Denver and Salt Lake. All were scrapped by the D&RGW between 1947 and 1952.

Another was the [[Virginian Railway]], whose Class AA 2-6-6-0 is depicted.

==References== {{Commons category|position=left}} {{Reflist|30em}} {{Whyte types}}

[[Category:2-6-6-0 locomotives| ]] [[Category:(1C)C locomotives| ]]