Television in Russia

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Television is the most popular medium in Russia, with 74% of the population watching national television channels routinely and 59% routinely watching regional channels.<ref>Oates, p.128</ref> There are 6,700 television channels in total.<ref name="rp_media">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ Broadcast media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109173026/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ |date=9 January 2021 }} CIA World Factbook</ref> Before going digital, 3 channels have a nationwide outreach (over 90% coverage of the Russian territory): Channel Five – Petersburgh, Channel One and Russia-1.<ref name="gks_television">{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b10_12/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d02/19-08.htm|title=19.8 Coverage by TV broadcasting|publisher=Federal Statistics Service|year=2008}}</ref>

== History == {{See also|Television in the Soviet Union#History|l1=History of the Soviet television}} Between 1941 and 1945 all television broadcasts in the nation were interrupted because of Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union. During these early years, most television programs were about life in the Soviet Union, cultural activities and sports.

In 1956 a second national television channel was established. This initial expansion of activity encompassed mostly the city of Moscow, but to a lesser extent also Leningrad, the Urals, Siberia and the Ukrainian SSR. Each republic, area or region had its own television station.

In the 1970s and 1980s, television become the preeminent mass medium. In 1988 approximately 75 million households owned television sets, and an estimated 93 percent of the population watched television. Moscow, the base from which most of the television stations broadcast, transmitted some 90 percent of the country's programs, with the help of more than 350 stations and nearly 1,400 relay facilities.

Updating the television in the Soviet Union, the release of its censorship by the Central Committee, began with the proclamation at the XXVII Congress of the new General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's new political course of the party in relation to the country. Chairman of the Radio and Television was Alexander Aksenov.

In 1991, the Soviet era Gosteleradio state system included six national television channels, 52 stations in the former Soviet republics and 78 regional stations in the Russian Federation.

Today, there are about 15,000 transmitters in the country. Development of domestic digital TV transmitters, led within "Multichannel" research program, had already been finished. New domestic digital transmitters have been developed and installed in Nizhniy Novgorod and Saint Petersburg in 2001–2002.

==Legislation== The Russian Constitution was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993. Article 29 "On the Rights and Freedoms of the Person and Citizen" establishes the universal right to freedom of thought and opinion, freedom of expression of beliefs and convictions, and freedom to seek, receive, transmit, produce and disseminate information. This right can be limited only by law and only "in the interests of protecting the Constitution, morality, health, rights and lawful interests of other persons, or for the defence of the country and national security". According to the Constitution, only the law can limit freedom of speech and establish limits for its expression. The fundamental piece of media-specific federal legislation is the Law ''on Mass Media'', which was passed on 27 December 1991 and took effect on 13 February 1992.

The law reinforces the freedom of information and the unacceptability of censorship. It also contains provisions regulating the founding, ownership and use of mass media, and dissemination of information. The law regulates relations between mass media and citizens and/or organisations, determines the rights and obligations of journalists and establishes responsibility for violations of mass media-related laws. The Law on Mass Media allows private broadcasting and limits the rights of foreign individuals to found mass media in Russia.

== Satellite television == The first Soviet communication satellite, called Molniya, was launched in 1965. By November 1967 the national system of satellite television, called Orbita was deployed. The system consisted of 3 highly elliptical Molniya satellites, with Moscow-based ground uplink facilities and about 20 downlink stations, located in cities and towns of remote regions of Siberia and the Far East. Each station had a 12-meter receiving parabolic antenna and transmitters for re-broadcasting TV signals to local householders.

However, a large part of the Soviet central regions were still not covered by transponders of Molniya satellites. By 1976 Soviet engineers developed a relatively simple and inexpensive system of satellite television (especially for Central and Northern Siberia). It included geostationary satellites called Ekran equipped with powerful 300-watt UHF transponders, a broadcasting uplink station and various simple receiving stations located in various towns and villages of Siberia. The typical receiving station, also called ''Ekran'', included a home-use analog satellite receiver equipped with a simple Yagi-Uda antenna. Later, Ekran satellites were replaced by more advanced Ekran-M series satellites.

In 1979 Soviet engineers developed the ''Moskva'' (or Moscow) system of broadcasting and delivering of TV signals via satellites. New types of geostationary communication satellites, called Gorizont, were launched. They were equipped with powerful onboard transponders, so the size of the receiving station's parabolic antennas were reduced to 4 and 2.5 meters (in comparison to the early 12- meter dishes of the standard orbital downlink stations).

By 1989 an improved version of the ''Moskva'' system, called ''Moskva Global'naya'', (or Moscow Global) was introduced. The system included a few geostationary Gorizont and Express type communication satellites. TV signals from Moscow Global's satellites could be received in any country on the planet except Canada and the Northwest USA.

Modern Russian satellite broadcasting services are based on powerful geostationary satellite buses such as Gals (satellite), Ekspress, USP and Eutelsat which provide a large quantity of free-to-air television channels to millions of householders. Pay-TV is growing in popularity amongst Russian TV viewers. The NTV Russia news company, owned by Gazprom, broadcasts the NTV Plus package to 560,000 households, reaching over 1.5 million viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/archive_cen/240306.html |title=Broadband TV News | Central and East Europe | Home |publisher=Broadbandtvnews.com |access-date=2008-09-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080616163615/http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/archive_cen/240306.html  |archive-date = 2008-06-16}}</ref>

Six out of these seven satellites are new vehicles. Four belong to the "Express-AM" family (sent into orbit in 2003–2005), and two to the "Express-A" family (sent into orbit in 2000–2002). SESC also uses the centre for TV/Radio signal compression standard along with the formation of data transport flows as per the MPEG-2/DVB standard, which ensures the formation of standardized signal packages from federal TV/radio channels.

By May 2013, of the 53 million TV homes in Russia, 24% were equipped for Direct-to-Home satellite reception, making satellite the country's leading platform for digital television. The number of satellite homes across Russia continues to grow, increasing by 25% between 2011 and 2013 from 8 million to 12.6 million. 10% of these homes receive signals from more than one satellite position, taking the total number of antennas to 13.8 million.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.eutelsat.com/files/contributed/news/press/en/2013/PR%203713%2036%C2%B0E.pdf| title =Russia's leading satellite TV neighbourhood at 36° East reaches record audience and prepares for new growth| work =Eutelsat Communications| access-date =11 June 2013}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Cable television== Cable television was introduced in the 2000s, and grew significantly in the early 2010s. Cable operators began upgrading their networks to DVB-C and adding new services such as video on demand, catch-up-TV and others. In 2012, cable television accounted for more than half of all pay-TV subscribers (58%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2013/02/25/pay-tv-in-russia-to-reach-74-in-2017/|title=Pay-TV in Russia to reach 74% in 2017|author=Robert Briel|work=Broadband TV News|date=25 February 2013|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref> Most of Pay-TV channels were closed due to 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine due to the fact that they were non-Government owned.

==Distribution of the terrestrial channels== The distribution of the terrestrial channels is the task of the Unitary Enterprise Russian Satellite Communications Company, which has 11 satellites, and the Federal unitary enterprise "Russian TV and Radio Broadcasting Network" serving 14,478 TV transmitters in Russia (90.9% of the total number). TV and radio channels are broadcast through the terrestrial satellite communications complexes owned by the Russian Satellite Communications Company at teleports located in Medvezhy Ozera ({{langx|ru|Медвежьи озера}}), Vladimir and Dubna, which ensure the transmission of channels to all five time zones in Russia via the space vehicles of RTRN.

==Digital broadcasting== ===Beginning=== In December 2005, a project was launched to create a digital television network in the Republic of Mordovia, where the DVB-T standard will be utilised. The project objective was to ensure for the population, the possibility of receiving a large (up to 10) number of TV channels and several radio stations in the stereo broadcasting mode and in the digital DVB-T standard. The project was implemented by OJSC "Volga Telecom" (a subsidiary of OJSC "Sviazinvest") with support from the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communication of Russia, the Ministry of Culture, the National Association of TV Broadcasters and administration of the Republic of Mordovia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.obs.coe.int/online_publication/reports/digitaltv_groteck.pdf.en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331123443/http://www.obs.coe.int/online_publication/reports/digitaltv_groteck.pdf.en|url-status=dead|title=Groteck Co., Ltd for the European Audiovisual Observatory|archivedate=31 March 2009}}</ref>

Different alternatives were considered in the process of preparing proposals on shifting the country to digital broadcasting (thematic discussions began in the early 2000s), but the Ministry of IT and Communication decided to focus solely on terrestrial broadcasting as the method of digital TV implementation.<ref>HDTV and the Transition to Digital Broadcasting: Understanding New Television Technologies, Philip J. Cianci</ref> In Russia, the first legal act to set the standards for the digital transition was the Government Resolution No. 1700-r of 29 November 2007, which approved a Concept Paper for the Development of TV and Radio Broadcasting in the Russian Federation in 2008–2015. This document was elaborated by the high-level Governmental Commission on Development of TV and Radio Broadcasting originally headed by Dmitry Medvedev in his capacity as first vice-chair of the government.<ref>Concept of development of TV and radio broadcasting in Russian Federation in 2008–2015 (Концепция развития телерадиовещания в Российской Федерации на 2008 – 2015 годы)</ref>

The transition of terrestrial TV from analogue into digital format (in DVB-T standard) had been announced as a government priority in Russia and identified in the document Concept of TV Broadcasting Development in the Russian Federation within 2008–2015. The main positive factor in the introduction of terrestrial TV broadcasting in the DVB-T standard, according to the opinion of market players, has been the approval of a TV broadcasting development framework in the Russian Federation for 2008–2015 (approved by resolution of the Government # 1700-p, dated 29 November 2007).<ref name="EAO">The European Audiovisual Observatory</ref>

The total investment in the transition of terrestrial TV from analogue to digital format is expected to be Euro 10 billion during the period 2008–2015.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

The main factors which have a high positive influence upon the rates of terrestrial DTV introduction tend to be general political and macroeconomic factors. Commercial factors do not have a significant influence upon rates of introduction of digital standards for terrestrial broadcasting. Cable television would gain the largest financial benefits from the introduction of digital television.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

On 10 May during Sviaz-Expocomm – 2011, the 23rd International Exhibition of Information Technologies and Communication Services in Moscow, Russia's national telecommunications operator Svyazinvest, together with Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network signed a cooperation agreement to organize the terrestrial transmission of digital content to the RRBN transmitters across the country, thus enabling the broadcasting of eight federal TV channels (Channel One, Russia 1, Russia 24, Russia 2, Russia K, Channel 5, NTV, Karusel) and one local channel, the latter to be transmitted as a "multiplex" channel on one of the main digital channels.<ref>Rostelecom’s backbone network to transmit digital TV content across Russia</ref>

In June 2011 DVB-T2 tests got under way in Moscow. In July 2011 The Russian government commission on the development of TV and radio broadcasting, has supported the Communications and Mass Media Ministry's suggestion to roll out DVB-T2 test zones, the government's press service has announced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvb.org/about_dvb/dvb_worldwide/russian_federation/|title=News – DVB|work=dvb.org|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref>

In September 2011 a governmental commission had approved the use of the DVB-T2 standard for the development of digital terrestrial TV in Russia, as proposed by the Ministry of Communications. The digital terrestrial TV network was being tested out in the Tver Oblast. It was planned that new regional networks will be deployed under the DVB-T2 standard and existing DVB-T networks will be upgraded to the new standard<ref>Russian govt approves DVB-T2 standard, 26 September 2011, DVB Worldwide</ref>

=== Digital switchover === It took Russia 10 years to move from analogue to digital broadcasting. The Digital Switchover (DSO) was completed in late 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-29|title=Russia postpones digital switchover in 21 regions|url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2019/04/29/russia-postpones-digital-switchover-in-21-regions/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Digital TV Europe|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Началась последняя волна отключения аналогового вещания в РФ|url=https://www.interfax.ru/russia/680215|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Interfax.ru|date=14 October 2019 |language=ru}}</ref> On December 3, 2009, the Russian Government approved the federal target programme "Development of TV and Radio Broadcasting in the Russian Federation in 2009-2018".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-06-24|title=Russia sets out DTT channel strategy|url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2009/06/24/russia-sets-out-dtt-channel-strategy/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Broadband TV News|language=en-GB}}</ref> The main objective of the programme was to provide the population of the Russian Federation with free-to-air multichannel digital TV and radio broadcasting.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alexey Volin Named 16 Points of Television Development Strategy in Russia|url=https://digital.gov.ru/en/events/33402/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation|language=ru}}</ref>

Before 2010 almost half of Russia's population, 44%, could watch no more than four channels. There was no room left for development of analogue broadcasting.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Космонавт Скворцов объявил с орбиты о полном переходе России на цифровое телевидение|url=https://tass.ru/ekonomika/6996875|access-date=2021-09-28|website=ТАСС}}</ref> Authorities have envisaged TV multiplexes in 2009. The list of channels in the first of the two of them was approved by a decree of the President of Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Об общероссийских обязательных общедоступных телеканалах и радиоканалах|url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102130449&rdk=&backlink=1|access-date=2021-09-28|website=pravo.gov.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-19|title=Эфирная стройка завершается|url=https://www.rspectr.com/articles/382/efirnaya-strojka-zavershaetsya|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.rspectr.com|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005102331/https://www.rspectr.com/articles/382/efirnaya-strojka-zavershaetsya|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Over a period of 10 years, about 100 million TV-sets and about 20 million digital set-top boxes were sold. This had set the stage for the analogue switch-off (ASO). On November 29, 2018, the Russian government approved the ASO roadmap.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Переход на цифровое вещание|url=https://digital.gov.ru/ru/activity/directions/376/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Министерство цифрового развития, связи и массовых коммуникаций Российской Федерации|language=ru|archive-date=10 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910232507/https://digital.gov.ru/ru/activity/directions/376/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The federal target programme included modernizing the whole structure of terrestrial broadcasting. It is considered the biggest programme of digital TV development in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Андрей Романченко: Через два года цифровое ТВ войдет в каждый дом|url=https://rg.ru/2016/08/02/andrej-romanchenko-cherez-dva-goda-cifrovoe-tv-vojdet-v-kazhdyj-dom.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Российская газета|date=2 August 2016 |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Андрей Романченко: "Программа перехода считается самым крупным проектом развития ЦЭТВ в мире"| date=22 November 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjOP9SNyBHo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/VjOP9SNyBHo |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2021-09-28}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In December 2018, the pilot region, the Tver Region, phased out analogue broadcasting of 20 federal TV channels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=В России отключили аналоговое телевещание|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/news/2019/10/14/813607-v-rossii-zavershaetsya-perehod|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Ведомости|date=14 October 2019 |language=ru}}</ref> In 2019, Russia switched off analogue TV broadcasting in four stages: February 11 (8 regions), April 15 (20 regions), June 3 (36 regions) and October 14 (21 regions).<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2019|title=Переход на цифровое телевидение|url=https://ria.ru/20190213/1550776895.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=РИА Новости|language=ru}}</ref>

Russia was the first BRICS country to complete the ASO.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Россия перешла на цифровое телевизионное вещание|url=https://rg.ru/2019/10/14/reg-cfo/perehod-na-cifrovoe-tv-zapustili-iz-kosmosa.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Российская газета|date=14 October 2019 |language=ru}}</ref> Preparation for each stage of the ASO included a number of activities:

1. Informing the population, both through federal and regional media.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Андрей Романченко: Средний человек смотрит не 100, а всего 7-9 каналов|url=https://rg.ru/2017/07/10/andrej-romanchenko-srednij-chelovek-smotrit-ne-100-a-vsego-7-9-kanalov.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Российская газета|date=10 July 2017 |language=ru}}</ref>

2. Placing information materials in post offices, social protection centres, retail appliances and electronics stores.

3. Door-to-door activities in all localities of the Russian Federation.<ref>{{Citation|last=Чебоненко|first=Михаил|title=Новая эра: как Россия переходила на цифровое вещание|url=https://www.ntv.ru/video/1786243/|language=ru|access-date=2021-09-28}}</ref>

4. Attracting volunteers to assist the population in setting up equipment for receiving DTT. 70,000 volunteers, 30,000 social workers and 50,000 Russian Post employees participated in the process.<ref>{{Cite web|title=В России не возникло проблем при переходе на "цифру"|url=https://www.cableman.ru/content/v-rossii-ne-vozniklo-problem-pri-perekhode-na-tsifru%3Futm_source%3Dyxnews%2526utm_medium%3Ddesktop%2526utm_referrer%3Dhttps%3A/%252Fyandex.ru/news/search%3Ftext%3D|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.cableman.ru|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Министр цифрового развития и связи назвал Тюменскую область в числе лучших при переходе на "цифру"|url=https://vsluh.ru/novosti/obshchestvo/ministr-tsifrovogo-razvitiya-i-svyazi-nazval-tyumenskuyu-oblast-v-chisle-luchshikh-pri-perekhode-na-_333627/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Вслух.ru|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Константин Носков оценил затраты на цифровую телесеть|url=https://telecomdaily.ru/news/2019/11/07/konstantin-noskov-ocenil-zatraty-na-cifrovuyu-teleset|access-date=2021-09-28|website=telecomdaily.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=От платного кабельного советуют отказаться, а ТНВ будет вещать в эфире ОТР — Реальное время|url=https://realnoevremya.ru/articles/157520-ot-platnogo-kabelnogo-sovetuyut-otkazatsya-a-tnv-gotovitsya-veschat-v-efire-otr|access-date=2021-09-28|website=realnoevremya.ru|language=ru}}</ref>

5. Creating the Digital Switchover Task Force with representatives of the Russian government, regional authorities and all organizations involved.

6. Monitoring the cost of the TV reception equipment in retail stores.

7. Carrying out inspection of сommunity antenna TV systems for DTT broadcasting in apartment buildings and, if necessary, repairing and upgrading them.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Романченко: Антенна - самая частая причина проблем с цифровым сигналом|url=https://rg.ru/2019/05/26/romanchenko-antenna-samaia-chastaia-prichina-problem-s-cifrovym-signalom.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Российская газета|date=26 May 2019 |language=ru}}</ref>

8. Developing mechanisms and conditions for providing the population living outside the DTT coverage area with satellite equipment at a reduced price.

9. Providing targeted assistance for vulnerable and/or low-income citizens.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Андрей Романченко рассказал, почему полный переход на "цифру" отложили|url=https://rg.ru/2019/05/16/andrej-romanchenko-rasskazal-pochemu-polnyj-perehod-na-cifru-otlozhili.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Российская газета|date=16 May 2019 |language=ru}}</ref>

A special digital terrestrial TV hotline has been opened in the run-up to the ASO. Operators consulted viewers on buying up-to-date DVB-T2 equipment and adjusting it to their conditions. Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network staff tested equipment from the retail and informed viewers through the hotline about the best choices.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Виктор Пинчук: РТРС завершил строительство сети вещания первого мультиплекса в 51 регионе РФ|url=https://telecomdaily.ru/news/2016/01/20/viktor-pinchuk-rtrs-zavershil-stroitelstvo-seti-veshchaniya-pervogo-multipleksa-v-51-regione-rf|access-date=2021-09-28|website=telecomdaily.ru}}</ref> 78 DTT Consultation Centers operated in administrative centers of Russian regions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-03-27|title=При переходе на цифровое вещание инфраструктуру РТРС необходимо было серьезно модернизировать|url=https://www.rspectr.com/interview/5/pri-perehode-na-cifrovoe-veshanie-infrastrukturu-rtrs-neobhodimo-bylo-serezno-modernizirovat|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.rspectr.com|archive-date=20 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920213153/https://www.rspectr.com/interview/5/pri-perehode-na-cifrovoe-veshanie-infrastrukturu-rtrs-neobhodimo-bylo-serezno-modernizirovat|url-status=dead}}</ref>

100% of the Russian population have got the guaranteed public access to 20 must-carry public TV channels and three radio stations, 98,4% of them — through DTT.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Рабочая встреча с Игорем Щёголевым и Андреем Романченко|url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/11229|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Президент России|date=12 May 2011 |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Андрей Романченко: "В России самая крупная сеть цифрового телевидения в мире"| date=April 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2k396n3khI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/x2k396n3khI |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2021-09-28}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

To complete the Digital Switchover RTRN collaborated with IT software manufacturers Nevion<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-23|title=Russia's RTRN picks Nevion to help transition its terrestrial network to digital|url=https://nevion.com/news/press-releases/rtrn-picks-nevion-for-dtt/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Nevion|language=en-US}}</ref> and Progira.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ler|first=Peggy|date=2018-10-23|title=PROGIRA collaborates with Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network|url=https://www.progira.com/progira-collaborates-with-russian-television-and-radio-broadcasting-network/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=PROGIRA|language=en-US}}</ref>

More than 11,000 analogue TV transmitters were put out of operation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Роскомнадзор: в 2019 году было отключено 11 тыс. аналоговых передатчиков, осталось - 9 тыс. {{!}} Телеспутник|url=https://www.telesputnik.ru/materials/tsifrovoe-televidenie/news/roskomnadzor-v-2019-godu-bylo-otklyucheno-11-tys-analogovykh-peredatchikov-ostalos-9-tys/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.telesputnik.ru}}</ref> The DTT transition has laid the foundations for the development of new services (HD, UHD,<ref>{{Cite web|title=РТРС в тестовом режиме на Москву и область запустила первый мультиплекс в формате HD|url=https://www.nat.ru/novosti/rtrs-v-testovom-rezhime-na-moskvu-i-oblast-zapustila-pervyy-multipleks-v-formate-hd/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.nat.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Groteck Business|title=Lib|url=http://lib.broadcasting.ru/articles2/Oborandteh/uhd-4k-buduschee-v-efire|access-date=2021-09-28|website=lib.broadcasting.ru|language=en}}</ref> HbbTV and so on).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Broadcasting of second multiplex digital television was launched in Barnaul|url=https://digital.gov.ru/en/events/31482/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alexey Volin Discussed Development of Digital Television and Radio Broadcasting in Kamchatka|url=https://digital.gov.ru/en/events/33837/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Комиссия по телерадиовещанию решила перевести цифровое ТВ в HDTV|url=https://www.comnews.ru/content/81149/2014-03-17/komissiya-po-teleradioveshchaniyu-reshila-perevesti-cifrovoe-tv-v-hdtv|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.comnews.ru|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=РТРС гибридизирует ТВ|url=https://www.comnews.ru/content/69987/2013-01-30/rtrs-gibridiziruet-tv|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.comnews.ru|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Будущее в формате ультравысокой четкости от РТРС — Электросвязь|date=17 November 2016 |url=https://elsv.ru/budushhee-v-formate-ultravysokoj-chetkosti-ot-rtrs/|access-date=2021-09-28|language=ru-RU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=На Ямале заработали 12 станций цифрового эфирного ТВ|url=https://rg.ru/2016/11/09/reg-szfo/v-iamale-zarabotali-12-stancij-cifrovogo-efirnogo-tv.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Российская газета|date=9 November 2016 |language=ru}}</ref>

Participation in the national program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Instructions on implementation of Digital Economy of Russian Federation national programme|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/acts/news/60780|access-date=2021-09-28|website=President of Russia|language=en}}</ref> and new telecom services implementation are RTRN's main current objectives.

RTRN has successfully tested the main standards of digital broadcasting including DRM.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digital Radio Mondiale {{!}} Main Russian Network Operator (RTRN): DRM delivers more for less|date=16 September 2014 |url=https://www.drm.org/main-russian-network-operator-rtrn-drm-delivers-more-for-less/|access-date=2021-09-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Правительство РФ утвердило переход России на европейскую DRM-систему цифрового радиовещания|url=https://moscow.rtrs.ru/press/news/pravitelstvo-rf-utverdilo-perekhod-rossii-na-evropeyskuyu-dr/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=moscow.rtrs.ru|language=ru}}</ref>

==Internet TV== Russian TV is available to many expatriates living abroad, via the internet. There are several OTT service providers, which are targeted on Russian and Ukrainian expatriates in the United States and Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://russiantvcompany.com/ |title=Russian TV Company |access-date=7 February 2017 |archive-date=8 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208132958/https://russiantvcompany.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== List of channels == This is a list of television channels that broadcast in Russia. Full list of channels

=== Terrestrial Nationwide Digital Broadcasting Program === ==== First Multiplex ==== {|class = "wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Channels |- ! Channel ! Name ! Certificate of Broadcast ! Date of first digital Broadcast ! Frame |- | align="center" | ch. 1 | Channel One | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=257735 77 — 50252 07.06.2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827050832/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=257735 |date=27 August 2016 }} | rowspan="2" | 2012 | rowspan="10" | 16:9 |- | align="center" | ch. 2 | Russia-1 | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=257742 77 — 76122 24.06.2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827041025/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=257742 |date=27 August 2016 }} |- | align="center" | ch. 3 | Match TV | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=577690 77 — 63590 02.11.2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827022822/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=577690 |date=27 August 2016 }} | 2015 |- | align="center" | ch. 4 | NTV | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=355052 77 — 62736 18.08.2015] | rowspan="5" | 2012 |- | align="center" | ch. 5 | Channel Five – Petersburgh | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=313026 77 — 71806 08.12.2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827022817/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=313026 |date=27 August 2016 }} |- | align="center" | ch. 6 | Russia-K | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=322481 77 — 48107 30.12.2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827042731/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=322481 |date=27 August 2016 }} |- | align="center" | ch. 7 | Russia-24 | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=194433 77 — 48108 30.12.2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827055353/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=194433 |date=27 August 2016 }} |- | align="center" | ch. 8 | Carousel | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=81832 77 — 51992 11.12.2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026132449/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=81832 |date=26 October 2017 }} |- | align="center" | ch. 9 | Public Channel | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=406280 77 — 78997 15.09.2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827042123/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=406280 |date=27 August 2016 }} | 2013 |- | align="center" | ch. 10 | TV Centre – Moscow | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=329477 77 — 62849 20.08.2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827053856/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=329477 |date=27 August 2016 }} | 2014 |} {|class = "wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Radio networks |- ! Position ! Name |- | align="center" | RN1 | Vesti FM |- | align="center" | RN2 | Radio Mayak |- | align="center" | RN3 | Radio Rossii |}

==== Second Multiplex ==== {|class = "wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Channels |- ! Channel ! Name ! Certificate of Broadcast ! Date of first digital Broadcast ! Frame |- | align="center" | ch. 11 | REN TV | [https://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/p72381/?id=312778&page=72381 77 — 66270 01.07.2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102172740/https://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/p72381/?id=312778&page=72381 |date=2 January 2017 }} | 2013 | rowspan="10" | 16:9 |- | align="center" | ch. 12 | Spas | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=59249 77 — 74808 11.01.2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827041630/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=59249 |date=27 August 2016 }} | 2014 |- | align="center" | ch. 13 | STS | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=313772 77 — 72433 05.03.2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827053651/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=313772 |date=27 August 2016 }} | rowspan="2" | 2013 |- | align="center" | ch. 14 | Domashny | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=252874 77 — 71389 01.11.2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827014318/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=252874 |date=27 August 2016 }} |- | align="center" | ch. 15 | TV-3 | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=314662 77 — 71695 23.11.2017]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | 2014 |- | align="center" | ch. 16 | Friday! | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=403428 77 — 71810 13.12.2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827031607/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=403428 |date=27 August 2016 }} | 2015 |- | align="center" | ch. 17 | Zvezda | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=256420 77 — 61865 18.05.2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130172948/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=256420 |date=30 January 2016 }} | rowspan="4" | 2013 |- | align="center" | ch. 18 | MIR | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=256277 77 — 48753 22.02.2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827054212/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=256277 |date=27 August 2016 }} |- | align="center" | ch. 19 | TNT | [http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=326637 77 — 71680 23.11.2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827054336/http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=326637 |date=27 August 2016 }} |- | align="center" | ch. 20 | Muz-TV | [https://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=365760 77 — 65731 20.05.2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301172859/https://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=365760 |date=1 March 2024 }} |- | align="center" | ch. 999 | RTRS Plus | [https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-founders/media/?id=827071 77 - 6717 18.12.2002] | 2022 | [https://plus.rtrs.ru/info/?amp HbbTV service] |}

=== State-owned === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Name !Themes|| Owner || Established !Broadcast area !Broadcast technology|| Website |- | Russia 1 | || rowspan="3" |VGTRK || 1991 |Nationwide |Terrestrial||{{URL|russia.tv}} |- | Russia K | || 1997 | | ||{{URL|tvkultura.ru}} |- | Russia 24 | || 2006 | | ||{{URL|www.vesti.ru}} |- | Carousel | || Channel One Russia and VGTRK || 2010 | | ||{{URL|www.karusel-tv.ru}} |- | RT (group of channels) | || TV-Novosti || 2005 | | ||{{URL|rt.com}} |- | TV Centre | News, entertainment, educational, sports | rowspan="6" | Moscow Media || 1997 |Nationwide |Terrestrial||{{URL|tvc.ru}} |- | Central Television | || 2012 |Nationwide |Cable|| |- | Moskva 24 | || 2011 |Moscow |Terrestrial||{{URL|www.m24.ru}} |- | Moskva Doverie | || 2016 |Moscow |Cable|| {{URL|www.doverie-tv.ru}} |- | 360 | || 2014 | Moscow, Moscow Oblast | Cable||{{URL|www.360tv.ru}} |- | 360 – Moscow News | || 2018 | Moscow, Moscow Oblast | Cable ||{{URL|www.360tv.ru}} |- | Zvezda | || rowspan="2" | Ministry of Defence || 2005 | | ||{{URL|tvzvezda.ru}} |- | Zvezda Plus | || 2021 | | ||{{URL|tvzvezda.ru/sp/zvezda-plus/}} |- | SPAS | || Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate || 2006 | | ||{{URL|www.spastv.ru}} |- | OTR | || Russian government || 2013 |Nationwide |Terrestrial||{{URL|www.otr-online.ru}} |- | Mir | || rowspan="2" | 10 states from CIS || 1992 | | ||{{URL|mirtv.ru}} |- | Mir 24 | || 2013 | | ||{{URL|mir24.tv}} |-

| NTV | || rowspan="8" |Gazprom Media (Gazprombank) || 1993 |Nationwide |Terrestrial||{{URL|www.ntv.ru}} |- | Match TV | || 2015 | | ||{{URL|matchtv.ru}} |- | TNT | || 1998 | | ||{{URL|tnt-online.ru}} |- | TV3 | || 1994 | | ||{{URL|tv3.ru}} |- | Friday! | || 2013 | | ||{{URL|friday.ru}} |- | Saturday! | || 2017 | | ||{{URL|subbota.tv}} |- | TNT4 | || 2016 | | ||{{URL|tnt4.tnt-online.ru}} |- | 2x2 |Entertainment (animation)|| 1989 |Nationwide | Terrestrial |{{URL|2x2tv.ru}} |- | Channel One Russia | || Russian government (34.23%), VTB Bank (32.89%), National Media Group (19.46%), Sogaz (13.42%) || 1995 |Nationwide |Terrestrial||{{URL|www.1tv.ru}} |- | Channel Five – Petersburgh | Serials and films | National Media Group (72.43%), Sergey Rudnov (18.3%), Government of Saint-Petersburg (6.27%), Sogaz (3%) || 1938 | Nationwide | Terrestrial||https://5-tv.ru/ |- | REN TV | News & entertainment | National Media Group (82%), Sogaz (18%) || 1997 |Commonwealth of Independent States |Terrestrial||http://ren.tv/ |- | Izvestia | || National Media Group || 2017 | |Cable||http://iz.ru/ |- | 78 | || National Media Group (25%), Sergey Rudnov (75%)|| 2017 | |Cable||https://78.ru/ |- | CTC TV | Entertainment | rowspan="5" |CTC Media (National Media Group) || 1996 | |Terrestrial||http://ctc.ru/ |- | Domashniy ("Home channel") | Family entertainment|| 2005 |Nationwide | ||http://domashniy.ru/ |- | Che | || 2015 | | ||http://chetv.ru/ |- | CTC Love | || 2014 | | ||http://ctclove.ru/ |- | CTC Kids | || 2018 | | ||http://ctckids.ru/ |- | Muz-TV | || rowspan="3" |Media-1<ref name="Media-1">{{cite web |title=группа компаний медиа1 |trans-title=Media-1 Group of Companies |url=http://media-1.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611093247/https://media-1.com/ |archive-date=11 June 2022 |website=Media-1.com |language=ru |access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref> (pending sale to Media Telekom (joint venture National Media Group and Rostelecom)<ref>{{cite web | title=Таврин продал «Муз-ТВ» и другие активы в медиа | date=13 August 2024 | url=https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/13/08/2024/66bb8a149a79476205a18017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Медиа Телеком | url=https://mt.media/news/kompaniya-media1-prinadlezhashchaya-kismet-capital-group-budet-prodana-gruppe-investorov/ }}</ref>|| 1996 | | ||http://muz-tv.ru/ |- | U | || 2012 | | ||https://u-tv.ru/ |- | Solntse | Family entertainment|| 2022 |Nationwide | |http://sun-tv.ru/ |}

=== Private === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Name !Themes|| Owner || Established !Broadcast area !Broadcast technology|| Website |- | 3ABN Russia | Religion (Adventist) | Three Angels Broadcasting Network || 1992 |International | Satellite? |https://3angels.ru/ |- | RBC TV |24/7 News|| ESN || 2003 |Nationwide | {{?}} |http://tv.rbc.ru/ |- | Multilandia | || rowspan="2" | Voxell Baltic || 2006 | | ||http://www.multimania.tv |- | Kinomania | || 2005 | | ||http://www.kinomania.tv |- | BRIDGE (music channel) | || SAFMAR Media/Bridge Media Group || 2005 | | ||http://bridgetv.ru/en/ |- | Russian Travel Guide | || RTG Corp. || 2009 | | ||http://www.rtgtv.com/ |- | BRIDGE Russian Hit | || rowspan="2" | SAFMAR Media/Bridge Media Group || 2010 | | ||http://rusongtv.ru/en/ |- | BRIDGE Hits | || 2013 | | ||http://dangetv.ru/en/ |- | Europa plus TV | || EMG (European Media Group) || 2011 | | ||http://www.europaplus.tv/ |- | Ru.TV | || RMG (Russian Media Group) || 2006 | | ||https://www.ru.tv/ |- | O<sub>2</sub>TV | || private investors || 2004 | | ||http://o2tv.biz/en |- | RTVi | || Rostec || 2002 | | ||http://www.rtvi.ru/english.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716202812/http://www.rtvi.ru/english.html |date=16 July 2011 }} |- | Nostalgiya | || Veriselintel || 2004 | | ||http://www.nostalgiatv.ru |- | Jivi! | || Red Media (Gazprom-Media) || 2008 | | ||https://www.jv.ru |- | Mosfilm Golden Collection | || VGTRK & Mosfilm || 2020 | | ||http://www.mosfilmgold.ru |- | Kuhnya TV | || Red Media (Gazprom-Media) || 2007 | | ||http://www.kuhnyatv.ru/ |- | Eda | || Pi-Stolet LLC || 2011 | | ||https://www.tveda.ru/ |- | Evrokino | || Strim || 2008 | | ||http://www.eurokino.tv |- | Avto Plus | || rowspan="3" | Red Media (Gazprom-Media) || 2006 | | ||http://www.autoplustv.com/ |- | KVN TV | || 2016 | | ||http://www.kvn.ru/tv |- | Boks TV | || 2014 | | ||https://www.boxingtv.ru/ |- | Vremya | | rowspan="3" |Channel One Russia|| 2005 | | ||https://www.vremya.tv |- | Pobeda | || 2019 | | ||https://www.pobeda.tv |- | Dom Kino | || 2005 | | ||https://www.domkino.tv |- | Gulli Girl | || Groupe M6 || 2016 | | ||https://www.gulli.ru |- | Zee TV Russia | || Red Media (Gazprom-Media) || 1992 | | ||http://www.zee-tv.ru |- | TiJi Russia | || Groupe M6 || 2009 | | ||https://www.tiji.ru |- | Chanson TV | || Mediamart || 2006 | | ||https://www.shanson.tv |- | O! | || Channel One Russia || 2017 | | ||https://www.kanal-o.ru |}

=== Discontinued === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Name || Owner || Established || Closed |- | Ostankino 4 now NTV (Russia) | rowspan="2" |RSTRC Ostankino|| rowspan="2" | 1991 || 1993 |- | Ostankino 1 now ORT|| 1995 |- | Rossiyskiye University now NTV (Russia)|| Media Most and VGTRK || 1993 || rowspan="2" | 1996 |- | AMTV now STS (Russia)|| Maraton-TV and Moskva-Revyu || 1994 |- | MTK now Third Channel|| Government of Moscow || 1989 || 1997 |- | Channel 24 now Peretz|| Kosmos-TV || 1994 || 1999 |- | TeleExpo now Euronews Russia|| Moskomimuschestvo and MosExpo || rowspan="2" | 1995 || 2001 |- | AST/Prometey AST discontinued in 2006|| AST, Gazprom|| rowspan="2" | 2002 |- | TV6 now TVS (Russia)|| MIBC (Moscow Independent Broadcasting Corporation)<br />(Since 1999 – Boris Berezovsky and Lukoil-Garant)|| 1993 |- | TVS now Russia-2|| Media-Sotsium || 2002 || 2003 |- | M1 now Domashniy|| Mediainvest || 1994 || 2005 |- |Jetix now Disney Channel (Russia) | rowspan="2" |Jetix Europe | rowspan="2" |2005 | rowspan="4" |2010 |- |Jetix Play discontinued in 2010 |- |Hallmark Channel now Diva Universal |Universal Networks International |1999 |- | Bibigon now Karusel|| VGTRK || 2007 |- | Seven TV now Disney Channel (Russia)|| UTH Russia || 2000 || 2011 |- |Diva Universal now E! | rowspan="3" |NBCUniversal International Networks |2010 |2014 |- |Universal Channel discontinued in 2015 |2007 | rowspan="3" |2015 |- |E! discontinued in 2015 |2014 |- | Russia 2 now Match TV|| VGTRK || 2003 |- | NTV Plus channels || NTV Plus || 1996 || rowspan="2" | 2016 |- | A-One now TNT Music|| private investors || 2005 |- |AMC now Hollywood |AMC Networks International Central Europe |2014 |2019 |- |Sony Sci-fi now .sci-fi | rowspan="3" |Sony Pictures Television Inc. |2007 | rowspan="3" |2021 |- |Sony Channel now .red |2009 |- |Sony Turbo now .black |2012 |- | TV Rain discontinued in 2022 || Natalia Sindeeva || 2010 || rowspan="22" | 2022 |- | Eurosport 1 discontinued in 2022 | rowspan="8" |Warner Bros. Discovery|| 1996 |- |Discovery Channel Russia discontinued in 2022|| 1998 |- | Animal Planet discontinued in 2022|| 2006 |- | Cartoon Network discontinued in 2022|| 2009 |- | TLC Russia discontinued in 2022|| 2011 |- | Boomerang Russia discontinued in 2022|| 2013 |- |DTX discontinued in 2022 |2016 |- |Discovery Ultra discontinued in 2022 |2020 |- |JimJam discontinued in 2022 |AMC Networks International Central Europe |2008 |- | MTV Russia discontinued in 2022 | rowspan="5" |Paramount | rowspan="2" |1998 |- | Nickelodeon Russia discontinued in 2022 |- | Nick Jr. Russia discontinued in 2022|| 2011 |- | Paramount Comedy (Russia) discontinued in 2022|| 2012 |- | Nicktoons Russia discontinued in 2022|| 2018 |- |National Geographic discontinued in 2022 now TERRA | rowspan="6" |The Walt Disney Company |1997 |- |National Geographic Wild discontinued in 2022 | rowspan="3" |2007 |- |BabyTV discontinued in 2022 |- | Fox Russia now Kineko |- | Fox Life Russia now Sapfir|| 2008 |- | rowspan="2" |Disney Channel now Solntyse|| 2010 (cable) |- | Media-1<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvkinoradio.ru/news/new5871-holding-yutv-stal-vladelcem-80-rossijskogo-disney|title=Холдинг ЮТВ стал владельцем 80% российского Disney|publisher=Tvkinoradio.ru|date=2016-01-15|access-date=2018-10-25|archive-date=2020-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321163024/https://tvkinoradio.ru/news/new5871-holding-yutv-stal-vladelcem-80-rossijskogo-disney|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 2011 (terrestrial) |- | TV1000 now viju TV1000|| rowspan="11" | Viasat World || rowspan="2" | 2003 || rowspan="11" | 2023 |- | Viasat Explorer now viju Explore |- | Viasat History now viju History|| 2004 |- | TV1000 Russkoe Kino now viju TV1000 russkoe|| 2005 |- | Viasat Sport East now viju+sport|| 2006 |- | TV1000 Action East now viju TV1000 action|| 2008 |- | ViP Serial now viju+serial|| |- | Viasat Nature now viju+nature|| 2010 |- | ViP Comedy now viju+comedy || rowspan="3" | 2012 |- | ViP Premiere now viju+premiere |- | ViP Megahit now viju+megahit |- |Kidzone now KidZone Max |} NTV-Plus

Tricolor

==Most-viewed channels== Weekly viewing shares, 1-7 December 2025:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediascope.net/data/|title=Рейтинги|website=mediascope.net}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! Position !! Channel !! Group !! Share of total viewing, age 4+ (%) |- | 1 || Thematical TV channels || || 14.6 |- | 2 || Russia 1 || VGTRK (state-owned) || 14.1 |- | 3 || NTV || Gazprom-Media (Gazprombank, state-owned) || 9.4 |- | 4 || Channel One || Government of Russia (34.23%), VTB Bank (32.89%), National Media Group (19.46%), Sogaz (13.42%) || 6.8 |- | 5 || Channel Five || National Media Group (72.43%), Sergey Rudnov (18.3%), Government of Saint-Petersburg (6.27%), Sogaz (3%) || 6.6 |- | 6 || REN TV || National Media Group (82%), Sogaz (18%), Gazprom-Media (Gazprombank, state-owned) || 6.4 |- | 7 || Domashny || National Media Group || 4.8 |- | 8 || CTC || National Media Group || 4.5 |- | 9 || TNT || Gazprom-Media (Gazprombank, state-owned) || 4.4 |- | 10 || TV Center || Moscow Media (state-owned) || 3.3 |- | 11 || TV-3 || Gazprom-Media (Gazprombank, state-owned) || 3.1 |}

==See also== {{portal|Russia|Television}} * List of Russian-language television channels * Television in the Soviet Union * Mass media in Russia

== References == {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category-inline|Television of Russia}}

Category:Television in Russia Television Russia Russia