1993 Spanish general election

{{Short description|none}}  {{Infobox election | election_name = 1993 Spanish general election | country = Spain | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = 1989 Spanish general election | previous_year = 1989 | next_election = 1996 Spanish general election | next_year = 1996 | outgoing_members = | elected_members = | seats_for_election = All 350 seats in the [[Congress of Deputies]] and 208 (of 256) seats in the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]] 176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies | opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 1993 Spanish general election | registered = 31,030,511 {{increase|size=10px}} 4.8% | turnout = 23,718,816 (76.4%) {{increase|size=10px}} 6.7 [[Percentage point|pp]] | election_date = 6 June 1993

| image1 = [[File:Felipe González 1993b (cropped).jpg|170x170px]] | leader1 = [[Felipe González]] | party1 = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party | leader_since1 = 28 September 1979 | leaders_seat1 = [[Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Madrid]] | last_election1 = 177 seats, 40.1%{{efn|name="PSOE+EE"|Results for [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] (39.6%, 175 deputies) and [[Euskadiko Ezkerra|EE]] (0.5%, 2 deputies) in the 1989 Congress election.}} | seats1 = 159 | seat_change1 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 18 | popular_vote1 = 9,150,083 | percentage1 = 38.8% | swing1 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 1.3 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| image2 = [[File:José María Aznar 1996 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]] | leader2 = [[José María Aznar]] | party2 = People's Party (Spain) | leader_since2 = 2 September 1989 | leaders_seat2 = [[Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Madrid]] | last_election2 = 107 seats, 25.8% | seats2 = 141 | seat_change2 = {{increase|size=10px}} 34 | popular_vote2 = 8,201,463 | percentage2 = 34.8% | swing2 = {{increase|size=10px}} 9.0 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| image3 = [[File:Julio Anguita 1996 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]] | leader3 = [[Julio Anguita]] | party3 = United Left (Spain) | leader_since3 = 12 February 1989 | leaders_seat3 = [[Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Madrid]] | last_election3 = 17 seats, 9.1% | seats3 = 18 | seat_change3 = {{increase|size=10px}} 1 | popular_vote3 = 2,253,722 | percentage3 = 9.6% | swing3 = {{increase|size=10px}} 0.5 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| image4 = [[File:Miquel Roca 1987 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]] | leader4 = [[Miquel Roca]] | party4 = Convergence and Union | leader_since4 = 4 July 1982 | leaders_seat4 = [[Barcelona (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Barcelona]] | last_election4 = 18 seats, 5.0% | seats4 = 17 | seat_change4 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 1 | popular_vote4 = 1,165,783 | percentage4 = 4.9% | swing4 = {{decrease|size=10px}} 0.1 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| image5 = [[File:2007 02 Inaki Anasagasti-2.jpg|170x170px]] | leader5 = [[Iñaki Anasagasti]] | party5 = Basque Nationalist Party | leader_since5 = 1986 | leaders_seat5 = [[Biscay (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Biscay]] | last_election5 = 5 seats, 1.2% | seats5 = 5 | seat_change5 = {{steady|size=10px}} 0 | popular_vote5 = 291,448 | percentage5 = 1.2% | swing5 = {{steady|size=10px}} 0.0 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| image6 = [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|170x170px]] | leader6 = [[Luis Mardones]] | party6 = Canarian Coalition | leader_since6 = 18 April 1986 | leaders_seat6 = [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] | last_election6 = 1 seats, 0.3% | seats6 = 4 | seat_change6 = {{increase|size=10px}} 3 | popular_vote6 = 207,077 | percentage6 = 0.9% | swing6 = {{increase|size=10px}} 0.6 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| map = {{Switcher | [[File:1993 Spanish election - Results.svg|x315px|Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by constituency]] | Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress) | [[File:1993 Spanish election - AC results.svg|x315px|Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by autonomous community]] | Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress) | [[File:1993 Spanish general election map.svg|x315px|Map of Spain showcasing seat distribution by Congress of Deputies constituency]] | Election results by constituency (Congress) }}

| title = [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] | posttitle = Prime Minister after election | before_election = [[Felipe González]] | before_party = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party | after_election = [[Felipe González]] | after_party = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party }} A [[General elections in Spain|general election]] was held in [[Spain]] on 6 June 1993 to elect the members of the 5th {{lang|es|[[Cortes Generales]]|italic=no}} under the [[Spanish Constitution of 1978]]. All 350 seats in the [[Congress of Deputies]] were up for election, as well as 208 of 256 seats in the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]].

[[Felipe González]]'s third term in office had seen Spain completing projects like the [[Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line]] and hosting events such as the [[Seville Expo '92]] and the [[1992 Summer Olympics|Barcelona '92 Summer Olympics]], which contributed to the modernization of the country's international image. Several [[Political scandal|corruption scandals]] affecting the ruling [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) were uncovered during this period: [[Deputy Prime Minister of Spain|Deputy Prime Minister]] [[Alfonso Guerra]] resigned in 1991 after his brother was accused of [[nepotism]] and [[tax evasion]], and a judicial probe was started on the alleged illegal [[Political party funding|funding]] of PSOE campaigns (the "Filesa case"). The outset of the [[early 1990s recession]] and its impact on the [[Spanish economy]]—amid [[unemployment]] growth and rising [[inflation]]—forced the government to [[devalue]] the [[Spanish peseta|peseta]] three times in nine months. As a result of mounting crises and rising political tensions, González chose to call a [[snap election]] for June 1993.

Amid a large [[voter turnout]] of 76.4%, González's PSOE emerged as the largest party for the fourth consecutive time, though it lost the [[overall majority]] it had held since 1982 and fell to 159 deputies. In contrast, [[José María Aznar]]'s [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) gained from the collapse of the [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] and made significant inroads, increasing its support to 34.8% of the vote and 141 seats. However, the PP fell short of [[Opinion polling for the 1993 Spanish general election|opinion poll]] predictions that gave it the most seats, which was attributed to González being perceived as decisively defeating Aznar in the second of two head-to-head debates held during the campaign. [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] remained stagnant, with party leader [[Julio Anguita]] having suffered a stroke in the week previous to the election that prevented him from campaigning.

For the first time since [[1979 Spanish general election|1979]], the election brought in a [[hung parliament]], but parliamentary arithmetics meant that the PSOE remained the only party able to form a government. González was forced to seek the support of [[Catalan nationalism|Catalan]] and [[Basque nationalist]] groups—such as [[Convergence and Union]] (CiU) and the [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (PNV)—in order to renew his tenure, in exchange for regional concessions. His [[Fourth government of Felipe González|fourth government]] was a [[Minority government|minority]] one, in spite of coalition offerings made to CiU and PNV being rejected.

==Background== The 175-seat victory of the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) in the [[1989 Spanish general election|1989 general election]], exactly half of Congress, allowed it to govern with a ''de facto'' [[absolute majority]] or with minor support from other parties, depending on [[Herri Batasuna]]'s policy of [[abstentionism]].<ref>{{cite news |last=De la Cuadra |first=Bonifacio |date=11 June 1990 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1990/06/11/espana/645055202_850215.html |title=La llave de la mayoría absoluta |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=22 June 1990 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1990/06/22/espana/646005602_850215.html |title=Los socialistas tendrán que buscar más apoyo de sus socios |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref> Due to election irregularities reported in a number of constituencies, only 332 [[Deputy (legislator)|deputies]] were sworn in by [[Felipe González]]'s investiture as [[Prime Minister of Spain|prime minister]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Valdecantos |first=Camilo |date=13 April 1993 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/04/13/espana/734652002_850215.html |title=La impugnación de las elecciones marcó la legislatura desde el inicio |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref> prompting him to submit a motion of confidence on his government in April 1990,<ref>{{cite news |date=5 December 1989 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1989/12/05/espana/628815604_850215.html |title=González acepta crear una comisión parlamentaria que investigue con rigor el censo electoral |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Galán |first=Javier |date=30 August 2016 |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2016/08/30/actualidad/1472549784_532521.html |title=Felipe González, diciembre de 1989, antesala a la cuestión de confianza |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref> which he won.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 April 1990 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1990/04/06/portada/639352802_850215.html |title=La cuestión de confianza mostró la distancia del Gobierno con IU y PP |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref>

Internationally, the country would participate in the [[Coalition of the Gulf War|multinational military coalition]] formed in response to the [[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]] leading to the [[Gulf War]] (which saw an increase in [[conscientious objector]]s to [[compulsory military service]] in Spain),<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.defensa.gob.es/misiones/en_exterior/historico/listado/primera-guerra-del-golfo.html |title=Primera guerra del Golfo |language=es |publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Spain)|Ministry of Defence]] |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mora |first1=Miguel |last2=J. Campo |first2=Ramón |date=26 February 1991 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1991/02/26/espana/667522820_850215.html |title=Una guerra dentro de la guerra |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> and in the signing of the [[Maastricht Treaty]], which established the [[European Union]] (EU) and provided a roadmap towards a [[common currency]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.exteriores.gob.es/es/PoliticaExterior/Paginas/EspanaUE.aspx |title=España y la Unión Europea |language=es |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> The establishment of a "[[European citizenship]]" required a constitutional reform—the first since the approval of the [[1978 Spanish Constitution]]—to introduce [[Active suffrage|active]] and [[passive suffrage]] in local elections for nationals of EU member states.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[EFE]] |date=28 August 2022 |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20220828/treinta-anos-primera-reforma-constitucional/2398684.shtml |title=La primera reforma constitucional cumple 30 años a la espera de la tercera |language=es |publisher=[[RTVE]] |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/reforma/primera_reforma.htm |title=Primera Reforma Constitucional (1992) |language=es |publisher=[[Congress of Deputies]] |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> Internally, the 1990 liberalization of the [[television market]] saw the first private channels in Spain—[[Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel)|Antena 3]], [[Telecinco]] and [[Canal+ (Spanish TV channel)|Canal+]]—challenging [[RTVE]]'s monopoly until then.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 2018 |url=https://www.rtve.es/rtve/20180529/llegan-cadenas-privadas/1741700.shtml |title=Llegan las cadenas privadas |language=es |publisher=RTVE |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> The approval in 1992 of a new Law on Citizen Security Protection—aimed at repealing the public order legislation in force since the [[Franco's dictatorship]] and combating [[drug-related crimes]]—came under criticism due to its empowerment to law enforcement to enter a home without the need for a warrant or judicial authorization.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 1991 |url=https://www.servimedia.es/noticias/magistrado-tribunal-constitucional-critica-ley-corcuera/1410759522 |title=Un magistrado del Tribunal Constitucional critica la "Ley Corcuera" |language=es |publisher=Servimedia |location=Seville |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.lasexta.com/programas/donde-estabas-entonces/mejores-momentos/la-ley-corcuera-o-como-el-gobierno-permitia-en-1992-que-la-policia-entrara-en-una-casa-sin-la-autorizacion-de-un-juez-video_201901315c536fd80cf2be7ee48445d0.html |title=La 'ley Corcuera' o cómo el Gobierno permitía en 1992 que la Policía entrara en una casa sin la autorización de un juez |language=es |publisher=[[laSexta]] |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> These provisions (which earned the bill the nickname "kick-in-the-door law") would be eventually overturned by the [[Constitutional Court of Spain|Constitutional Court]] in November 1993, prompting the resignation of the law's promoter, [[Ministry of the Interior (Spain)|interior minister]] [[José Luis Corcuera]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=González Ibañez |first1=Juan |last2=De la Cuadra |first2=Bonifacio |last3=Díez |first3=Anabel |date=19 November 1993 |title=Corcuera comunica a González su decisión de dimitir |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/11/19/espana/753663618_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Herrera |first=Elena |date=9 April 2021 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/treinta-anos-ley-corcuera-frustrada-patada-puerta-resurgido-plena-pandemia_1_7393265.html |title=Treinta años de la ley Corcuera, la frustrada 'patada en la puerta' que ha resurgido en plena pandemia |language=es |newspaper=elDiario.es |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>

[[File:Sevilla Santa Justa station 1992 3.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A Renfe Series 100 in Sevilla Santa Justa station|The [[Spanish economy]] temporarily weathered the impact of the [[early 1990s recession]] thanks to investments in the [[Seville Expo '92]], the [[1992 Summer Olympics|Barcelona Olympics]] or the [[Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line]].]] This period also saw Spain hosting events such as the [[Madrid Conference of 1991]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Vacas |first=Constanza |date=30 October 2023 |url=https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/paz-entre-israel-y-palestina-pudo-haberse-firmado-madrid_20372 |title=Conferencia de Madrid: Un intento de paz para el conflicto palestino-israelí |language=es |publisher=[[National Geographic]] |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> the [[Seville Expo '92]] and the [[1992 Summer Olympics|Barcelona '92 Summer Olympics]]—which allowed the fledgeling democracy to present itself to the international community as a modern country, different from what it had been under the Francoist regime<ref>{{cite news |last=Echarri |first=Miquel |date=28 October 2015 |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2015/10/26/icon/1445854444_919801.html |title=1992, el año en el que España subió a primera división |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://humanidades.com/espana-democratica/ |title=España democrática. Los gobiernos de Felipe González (1982-1996) |language=es |publisher=Enciclopedia Humanidades |access-date=18 March 2025 |quote="(...) En las elecciones de 1989, el PSOE volvió a ganar por mayoría absoluta. En esta tercera legislatura del PSOE (1989-1993), España celebró en 1992 dos acontecimientos internacionales, los Juegos Olímpicos de Barcelona y la Expo de Sevilla, que mostraron una imagen de país moderno muy diferente a la España de la dictadura de Franco."}}</ref>—as well as the completion of major infrastructure projects such as the [[Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line]] and the establishment of the first [[AVE]] service.<ref>{{cite news |last=Amiguet |first=Teresa |date=14 April 2022 |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/hemeroteca/20220414/8198780/ave-emprende-vuelo.html |title=El AVE emprende el vuelo |language=es |newspaper=[[La Vanguardia]] |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> However, the [[Spanish economy]] was hit hard by the effects of the [[Early 1990s recession|ongoing international recession]]: the large investments of these years left public administrations and companies highly indebted, while the [[1990 oil price shock]] affected [[inflation]] (whose rise forced the government to [[devalue]] the [[Spanish peseta|peseta]] three times in nine months; the last of which, on 13 May 1993, would become known as "Black Thursday"), which was followed by an increase of the [[unemployment rate]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://humanidades.com/espana-democratica/ |title=España democrática. Los gobiernos de Felipe González (1982-1996) |language=es |publisher=Enciclopedia Humanidades |access-date=18 March 2025 |quote="Sin embargo, la recesión mundial iniciada a principios de los años noventa golpeó duramente a España. La crisis económica disparó la inflación y el desempleo, que alcanzó la cifra de tres millones de desocupados."}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 May 1993 |title='Jueves negro' para la economía española |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/05/14/economia/737330426_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Maqueda |first1=Antonio |last2=Alonso |first2=Antonio |last3=Clemente Pomeda |first3=Yolanda |date=29 January 2021 |title=Las mayores crisis de la economía española |url=https://elpais.com/economia/2021-01-29/las-mayores-crisis-de-la-economia-espanola.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>

The Basque separatist group [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] intensified [[List of ETA attacks|its attacks]] in the early 1990s in the run up to the Barcelona Olympics in order to try to gain worldwide attention; this saw the [[Sabadell bombing]] in 1990, the [[Vic bombing|Vic]] and [[Mutxamel bombing|Mutxamel bombings]] in 1991, and the [[1992 Madrid bombing]], as well as a number of [[ETA attacks in the Netherlands|attacks in the Netherlands]]. In March 1992, the group leaders at the time—José Luis Álvarez Santacristina "Txelis", José Javier Zabaleta Elosegi "Baldo", Francisco Múgica Garmendia "Pakito" y José Arregi Erostarbe "Fitti"—were detained in the French commune of [[Bidart]] thanks to cooperation between Spanish and French forces.<ref>{{cite news |last=MEC |first=Borja |date=1 May 2006 |title=Bidart: la caída de la cúpula de ETA |url=https://www.expansion.com/especiales/20aniversario/20diasespana/eta.html |language=es |newspaper=[[Expansión (Spain)|Expansión]] |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>

During these years, a string of [[political scandal]]s began to undermine the government's public image.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Díez |first1=Anabel |last2=González Ibáñez |first2=Juan |date=23 March 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/03/23/espana/701305225_850215.html |title=Del caso de Juan Guerra a Ibercorp |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref> [[Alfonso Guerra]] resigned as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Spain|deputy prime minister]] in January 1991,<ref>{{cite news |last=González Ibáñez |first=Juan |date=13 January 1991 |title=Guerra afirma que dimite para facilitar "un buen Gobierno" |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1991/01/13/espana/663721210_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref> following a scandal involving his brother Juan—amid accusations of [[nepotism]] and [[tax evasion]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Méndez |first=Juan |date=13 January 1991 |title=El 'caso Juan Guerra', elemento clave de la caída |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1991/01/13/espana/663721205_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Seville |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref>—which had been ongoing for over a year.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 April 1990 |title=El PP e IU exigen de nuevo la dimisión de Guerra |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1990/04/06/espana/639352807_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rosell |first=Francisco |date=18 October 2007 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2007/10/comunicacion/18elmundo/juanguerra.html |title=Juan Guerra abre despacho en el patio de monipodio |language=es |newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref> In May, it was revealed that a number of PSOE-linked companies had been paid hundreds of millions for consultancy works that were never carried out (funds which were allegedly used to illegally [[Political party funding|fund]] the party's campaigns in 1989) in what would come to be known as the "Filesa case".<ref>{{cite news |last1=González Ibáñez |first1=Juan |last2=Díez |first2=Anabel |date=30 May 1991 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1991/05/30/espana/675554423_850215.html |title=El fiscal del Estado ordena investigar a dos firmas que financiaron irregularmente al PSOE |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1 December 2000 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2000/12/1/espana/975687028.html |title=Un grupo de sociedades financiaron ilícitamente campañas del PSOE en 1989 |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ramírez |first=L. |date=1 May 2006 |url=https://www.expansion.com/especiales/20aniversario/20diasespana/filesa.html |title=Estalla el "caso Filesa" |language=es |newspaper=Expansión |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref> Several months later, [[Ministry of Health (Spain)|health minister]] [[Julián García Valverde]] was forced to abandon politics after revelations that [[Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles|RENFE]]—a [[state-owned company]] which he had presided between 1985 and 1991—had purchased lands at an inflated price that suggested a possible [[embezzlement]].<ref>{{cite news |date=14 January 1992 |title=García Valverde dimite como ministro de Sanidad por el escándalo de Renfe|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/01/14/espana/695343617_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 January 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/01/14/espana/695343603_850215.html |title=Operaciones sospechosas en San Sebastián de los Reyes |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref>

[[File:Alfonso Guerra con los ministros de Asuntos Exteriores, Cultura y Agricultura, en el Congreso de los Diputados (cropped).jpeg|165px|thumb|alt=Photo of Alfonso Guerra|Amid party divisions, a scandal affecting his brother forced [[Alfonso Guerra]]'s resignation as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Spain|deputy prime minister]].]] Other scandals saw the "Ibercorp case" that broke out in February 1992, in which it was unveiled that [[governor of the Bank of Spain]] [[Mariano Rubio]] owned [[Stock|stock shares]] in the Ibercorp [[investment bank]], that he had concealed these from the [[Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores|National Securities Market Commission]] (CNMV) and that he had amassed a fortune by carrying out financial operations based on privileged information; while Rubio denied all accusations, he was replaced from his post in July.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 June 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/06/30/economia/709855205_850215.html |title=González nombra a Luis Ángel Rojo gobernador del Banco de España en sustitución de Mariano Rubio |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Justicia |first=Francisco |date=18 October 2007 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2007/10/comunicacion/18elmundo/ibercop.html |title=La corrupción del poder económico y sus amigos |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> In November that year, a scheme to collect illegal [[Kickback (bribery)|kickbacks]] from the awarding of contracts for the purchase of newsprint used by the [[Boletín Oficial del Estado|Official State Gazette]] (BOE) printing presses was uncovered.<ref>{{cite news |last=De la Cuadra |first=Bonifacio |date=2 November 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/11/02/espana/720658807_850215.html |title=Una juez investiga a tres ex altos cargos del BOE por un presunto fraude de 1.010 millones |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=De la Cuadra |first=Bonifacio |date=2 November 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/11/02/espana/720658804_850215.html |title=Una actuación contraria al "más elemental principio de economía" |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref> The scandal would bring about the arrest one year later of former BOE director, Carmen Salanueva,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duva |first1=Jesús |last2=De la Cuadra |first2=Bonifacio |date=30 November 1993 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/11/30/espana/754614016_850215.html |title=Detenida por orden judicial la ex directora del BOE por delitos vinculados a la compra de papel prensa |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=De la Cuadra |first=Bonifacio |date=5 December 1993 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/12/05/espana/755046003_850215.html |title=La inocencia de comprar dos objetos de plata en Navidad |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref> who was also accused of [[fraud]] by buying paintings at a low price invoking the name of [[Queen Sofía]] and [[Carmen Romero López|Carmen Romero]], spouse of then prime minister Felipe González.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hernández |first=José Antonio |date=16 June 1994 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1994/06/16/espana/771717610_850215.html |title=La policía investiga a Salanueva por presunta apropiación de cuadros |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Europa Press |date=18 January 2000 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2000/01/18/espana/948199232.html |title=Muere de un cáncer Carmen Salanueva, ex directora general del BOE |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref>

The growing unpopularity of the government sewed divisions within the ruling PSOE: starting in its 1990 congress, supporters of deputy secretary-general Alfonso Guerra (colloquially referred to as ''guerristas'') clashed with supporters of prime minister Felipe González (''renovadores'', Spanish for "renovators") over party control.<ref>{{cite news |last=Redondo |first=Javier |date=30 September 2016 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2016/09/30/57ed7cb3468aebb8158b464b.html |title=El PSOE, un partido abonado a las luchas internas |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> Opposition to the Socialist government coalesced around the newly-amalgamated [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP)—formed in 1989 by several right-of-centre parties: the [[People's Alliance (Spain)|People's Alliance]] (AP), the [[People's Democratic Party (Spain)|Christian Democracy]] (DC) and the [[Liberal Party (Spain, 1976)|Liberal Party]] (PL)—and its new party leader, [[José María Aznar]],<ref>{{cite news |last=González Ibáñez |first=Juan |date=31 March 1990 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1990/03/31/espana/638834413_850215.html |title=El PP inicia hoy un congreso diseñado para aclamar a Aznar como nuevo presidente |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> particularly following the [[1991 Spanish local elections|1991 local]] and [[1991 Spanish regional elections|regional elections]], which saw the PSOE losing important local governments such as [[1991 Valencia City Council election|Valencia]] and [[1991 Seville City Council election|Seville]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Prieto |first=Joaquín |date=28 May 1991 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1991/05/28/espana/675381619_850215.html |title=El PP gana 600.000 votos y el PSOE pierde más ciudades |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 June 1991 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1991/06/14/espana/676850421_850215.html |title=El PSOE pierde las alcaldías de Sevilla y Valencia tras pactar el Partido Popular con los regionalistas |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> as well as the collapse of the [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS) and the farewell of its leader, [[Adolfo Suárez]], from active politics.<ref>{{cite news |last=Martín del Pozo |first=Concha |date=27 May 1991 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1991/05/27/espana/675295225_850215.html |title=Adolfo Suárez dimite tras descalabro electoral del CDS |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>

On 12 April 1993, Felipe González announced the [[dissolution of parliament]] and the calling of a [[snap election]] for 6 June, four months ahead of schedule, to solve "tensions in Spanish political life" that prevented his government from "addressing the economic crisis".<ref>{{cite news |date=13 April 1993 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/04/13/portada/734652002_850215.html |title=González adelanta las elecciones al 6 de junio por el clima de crispación política |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 April 1993 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/04/13/espana/734652005_850215.html |title=No se ha agotado ninguna legislatura |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> The mounting revelations of scandals, internal party divisions, and increasingly hostile opposition from the PP were also said to have contributed to González's decision.<ref>{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=17 December 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/12/17/espana/724546823_850215.html |title=Dirigentes del PSOE reconocen que el 92 es un año "catastrófico" por los casos de corrupción |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first1=Luis |last2=Díez |first2=Anabel |date=13 April 1993 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/04/13/espana/734652006_850215.html |title=La división en el PSOE ha estado a punto de deteriorar la autoridad de González |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>

==Overview== Under the [[Spanish Constitution of 1978|1978 Constitution]], the Spanish {{lang|es|[[Cortes Generales]]|italic=no}} were conceived as an [[imperfect bicameral]] system.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 66}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=66&tipo=2 |title=Constitución española. Título III. De las Cortes Generales. Sinopsis artículo 66 |language=es |publisher=[[Congress of Deputies]] |access-date=11 October 2025 |postscript=,}} summarizing {{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 66}}.</ref> The [[Congress of Deputies]] held greater legislative power than the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]], having the ability to grant or withdraw confidence from a [[Prime Minister of Spain|prime minister]] and to override Senate [[veto]]es by an [[absolute majority]].<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=arts. 90 & 99}}.</ref> Nonetheless, the Senate retained a limited number of specific functions—such as [[ratifying]] international treaties, authorizing cooperation agreements between [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities]], enforcing [[direct rule]], regulating interterritorial compensation funds, and taking part in [[constitutional amendment]]s and in the appointment of members to the [[Constitutional Court of Spain|Constitutional Court]] and the [[General Council of the Judiciary]]—which were not subject to override by Congress.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=arts. 74, 94, 122, 145, 155, 158–159 & 166–167}}.</ref>

===Date=== The term of each chamber of the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were [[Dissolution of parliament|dissolved]] earlier.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=arts. 68–69}}.</ref> The election [[decree]] was required to be issued no later than 25 days before the scheduled expiration date of parliament and published on the following day in the [[Official State Gazette]] (BOE), with [[election day]] taking place between 54 and 60 days after the decree's publication.<ref>{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 42 & 167}}.</ref> The [[1989 Spanish general election|previous election]] was held on 29 October 1989, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 29 October 1993. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 5 October 1993, setting the latest possible date for election day on 4 December 1993.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 November 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/11/18/espana/722041205_850215.html |title=El 3 de diciembre de 1993, última fecha posible para las elecciones generales |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref>

The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the [[Monarchy of Spain|monarch]] to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a [[snap election]], provided that no [[motion of no confidence]] was in process, no [[state of emergency]] was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year after a previous one.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=arts. 115–116}}.</ref> Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an [[investiture]] process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 99}}.</ref> Barring this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=115&tipo=2 |title=Constitución española. Título V. De las relaciones entre el Gobierno y las Cortes Generales. Sinopsis artículo 115 |language=es |publisher=[[Congress of Deputies]] |access-date=31 October 2025 |postscript=,}} summarizing {{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 115}}.</ref> Still, as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}, there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.

The {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} were officially dissolved on 13 April 1993 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the BOE, setting election day for 6 June and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 29 June.<ref>{{harvp|Royal Decree 534/1993|1993|loc=arts. 1–2 & 5}}.</ref>

===Electoral system=== Voting for each chamber of the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} was based on [[universal suffrage]], comprising all [[Spanish national]]s over 18 years of age with full [[political rights]], provided that they had not been [[Disfranchisement|deprived of the right to vote]] by a final [[Sentence (law)|sentence]], nor were [[Capacity (law)|legally incapacitated]].<ref>{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 2–3}}.</ref>{{sfn|Carreras de Odriozola|Tafunell Sambola|2005|p=1077}}

The Congress of Deputies had a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 were elected in 50 [[Multi-member district|multi-member constituencies]] corresponding to the [[provinces of Spain]]—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the [[D'Hondt method]] and [[closed-list]] [[proportional voting]], with a three percent-[[Electoral threshold|threshold]] of valid votes (including [[blank ballot]]s) in each constituency. The remaining two seats were allocated to [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] as [[single-member district]]s elected by [[plurality voting]].<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 68}}; {{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 162–164}}.</ref> The use of this electoral method resulted in a higher [[Electoral threshold#Natural threshold|effective threshold]] depending on [[district magnitude]] and vote distribution.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Michael |date=30 July 2012 |url=http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |title=Effective threshold in electoral systems |publisher=[[Trinity College Dublin]] |location=Dublin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |access-date=22 July 2017 |archive-date=30 July 2017}}</ref>

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:<ref>{{harvp|Royal Decree 534/1993|1993|loc=art. 3}}.</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! width="50"| Seats ! width="600"| Constituencies{{efn|The provinces of [[Province of Girona|Gerona]] and [[Province of Lleida|Lérida]] were officially renamed as "Girona" and "Lleida" on 1 March 1992.<ref>{{harvp|Law 2/1992|1992|loc=arts. 1–2 & final prov.}}.</ref>}} |- | align="center"| '''34''' | [[Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Madrid]]{{font color|green|(+1)}} |- | align="center"| '''32''' | [[Barcelona (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Barcelona]] |- | align="center"| '''16''' | [[Valencia (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Valencia]] |- | align="center"| '''12''' | [[Seville (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Seville]] |- | align="center"| '''10''' | [[Alicante (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Alicante]], [[Málaga (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Málaga]] |- | align="center"| '''9''' | [[Asturias (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Asturias]], [[Biscay (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Biscay]]{{font color|red|(–1)}}, [[Cádiz (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cádiz]], [[A Coruña (Congress of Deputies constituency)|La Coruña]], [[Murcia (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Murcia]] |- | align="center"| '''8''' | [[Pontevedra (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Pontevedra]] |- | align="center"| '''7''' | [[Balearic Islands (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Balearics]]{{font color|green|(+1)}}, [[Córdoba (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Córdoba]], [[Granada (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Granada]], [[Las Palmas (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Las Palmas]], [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], [[Zaragoza (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Zaragoza]] |- | align="center"| '''6''' | [[Badajoz (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Badajoz]], [[Gipuzkoa (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Guipúzcoa]]{{font color|red|(–1)}}, [[Jaén (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Jaén]], [[Tarragona (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Tarragona]]{{font color|green|(+1)}} |- | align="center"| '''5''' | [[Almería (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Almería]], [[Cáceres (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cáceres]], [[Cantabria (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cantabria]], [[Castellón (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Castellón]], [[Ciudad Real (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Ciudad Real]], [[Girona (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Girona]], [[Huelva (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Huelva]], [[León (Congress of Deputies constituency)|León]], [[Lugo (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Lugo]], [[Navarre (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Navarre]], [[Toledo (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Toledo]], [[Valladolid (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Valladolid]] |- | align="center"| '''4''' | [[Álava (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Álava]], [[Albacete (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Albacete]], [[Burgos (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Burgos]], [[La Rioja (Congress of Deputies constituency)|La Rioja]], [[Lleida (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Lleida]], [[Ourense (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Orense]]{{font color|red|(–1)}}, [[Salamanca (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Salamanca]] |- | align="center"| '''3''' | [[Ávila (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Ávila]], [[Cuenca (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Cuenca]], [[Guadalajara (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Guadalajara]], [[Huesca (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Huesca]], [[Palencia (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Palencia]], [[Segovia (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Segovia]], [[Soria (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Soria]], [[Teruel (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Teruel]], [[Zamora (Congress of Deputies constituency)|Zamora]] |}

208 Senate seats were elected using [[open-list]] [[partial block voting]]: voters in constituencies electing four seats could choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the [[Balearic Islands|Balearic]] and [[Canary Islands]]—the districts were the islands themselves, with the larger ones ([[Mallorca]], [[Gran Canaria]] and [[Tenerife]]) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones ([[Menorca]], [[Ibiza]]–[[Formentera]], [[Fuerteventura]], [[La Gomera]], [[El Hierro]], [[Lanzarote]] and [[La Palma]]) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional seat per million inhabitants.<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 69}}; {{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 162 & 165–166}}.</ref>{{sfn|Carreras de Odriozola|Tafunell Sambola|2005|p=1083}}

The law did not provide for [[by-election]]s to fill [[Casual vacancy|vacant seats]]; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term were filled by the next candidates on the [[Electoral list|party lists]] or, when required, by designated [[Substitute (elections)|substitutes]].<ref>{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 46, 48, 164, 166 & 170–171}}.</ref>

===Outgoing parliament=== The tables below show the composition of the [[parliamentary group]]s in both chambers at the time of dissolution.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/grups.html |title=Grupos Parlamentarios en el Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="HESenate">{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/senado7.html |title=Composición del Senado 1977-{{year}} |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref>

{{col-begin|width=auto}} {{col-break}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |+ Parliamentary composition in April 1993<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congreso.es/web/guest/grupos/composicion-en-la-legislatura |title=Grupos parlamentarios |language=es |website=[[Congress of Deputies]] |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> |- ! colspan="6"| Congress of Deputies |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Groups ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties ! colspan="2"| Deputies |- ! Seats ! Total |- | width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | rowspan="2"| Socialist Group of the Congress | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] | 155 | rowspan="2"| '''175''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}"| | [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC]] | 20 |- | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | rowspan="2"| People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] | 104 | rowspan="2"| '''106''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}"| | [[Navarrese People's Union|UPN]] | 2 |- | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | rowspan="2"| Catalan Parliamentary Group (Convergence and Union) | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Convergence of Catalonia}}"| | [[Democratic Convergence of Catalonia|CDC]] | 13 | rowspan="2"| '''18''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Union of Catalonia}}"| | [[Democratic Union of Catalonia|UDC]] | 5 |- | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | rowspan="2"| United Left–Initiative for Catalonia Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | [[United Left (Spain)|IU]] | 14 | rowspan="2"| '''17''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia}}"| | [[Initiative for Catalonia|IC]] | 3 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"| | CDS Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"| | [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|CDS]] | 12 | '''12''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | Basque Parliamentary Group (PNV) | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | [[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]] | 5 | '''5''' |- | rowspan="9" bgcolor="gray"| | rowspan="9"| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Herri Batasuna}}"| | [[Herri Batasuna|HB]] | 4 | rowspan="9"| '''17''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"| | [[Andalusian Party|PA]] | 2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Union}}"| | [[Valencian Union|UV]] | 2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"| | [[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA]] | 2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Euskadiko Ezkerra}}"| | [[Euskadiko Ezkerra|EE]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Euskal Ezkerra}}"| | [[Euskal Ezkerra|EuE]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | [[Aragonese Party|PAR]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Independent Groups}}"| | [[Canarian Independent Groups|AIC]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | [[Independent politician|INDEP]] | 3{{efn|Carlos Revilla and Antoni Fernández Teixidó, former [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|CDS]] legislators; Felipe Baeza, former [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] legislator.}} |} {{col-break|gap=1em}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |+ Parliamentary composition in April 1993<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/gruposparlamentarios/gruposparlamentariosdesde1977/index.html |title=Grupos Parlamentarios desde 1977 |language=es |website=[[Senate of Spain]] |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> |- ! colspan="6"| Senate |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Groups ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties ! colspan="2"| Senators |- ! Seats ! Total |- | width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | rowspan="2"| Socialist Parliamentary Group | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] | 120 | rowspan="2"| '''128''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}"| | [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC]] | 8 |- | rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | rowspan="3"| People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] | 88 | rowspan="3"| '''91''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}"| | [[Navarrese People's Union|UPN]] | 2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Majorcan Union}}"| | [[Majorcan Union|UM]] | 1 |- | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | rowspan="2"| Convergence and Union's Catalan Parliamentary Group in the Senate | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Convergence of Catalonia}}"| | [[Democratic Convergence of Catalonia|CDC]] | 11 | rowspan="2"| '''14''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Union of Catalonia}}"| | [[Democratic Union of Catalonia|UDC]] | 3 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | Basque Nationalist Senators' Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | [[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]] | 6 | '''6''' |- | rowspan="9" bgcolor="gray"| | rowspan="9"| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | [[United Left (Spain)|IU]] | 3 | rowspan="9"| '''15''' |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Herri Batasuna}}"| | [[Herri Batasuna|HB]] | 3 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Independent Groups}}"| | [[Canarian Independent Groups|AIC]] | 3 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"| | [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|CDS]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"| | [[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | [[Aragonese Party|PAR]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Majorera Assembly}}"| | [[Majorera Assembly|AM]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Herrenian Group}}"| | [[Independent Herrenian Group|AHI]] | 1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Nationalist Left}}"| | [[Valencian Nationalist Left|ENV]] | 1 |} {{col-end}}

==Candidates== ===Nomination rules=== Spanish citizens with the [[right to vote]] could [[Nomination rules|run for election]], provided that they had not been criminally [[imprisoned]] by a final sentence or [[convicted]]—whether final or not—of offences that involved loss of eligibility or disqualification from public office (such as [[rebellion]] or [[terrorism]], when involving crimes [[Homicide|against life]], [[Battery (crime)|physical integrity]] or [[Kidnapping|personal freedom]]). Additional causes of ineligibility applied to the following officials:<ref name="CEArt70LOREGArt6">{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 70}}; {{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 6 & 154}}.</ref> *Members of the [[Spanish royal family]] and their spouses; *Holders of a number of senior public or institutional posts, including the heads and members of higher courts and state institutions;{{efn|These comprised the [[Constitutional Court of Spain|Constitutional Court]], the [[General Council of the Judiciary]], the [[Supreme Court of Spain|Supreme Court]], the [[Spanish Council of State|Council of State]], the [[Court of Auditors (Spain)|Court of Auditors]] and the [[Economic and Social Council (Spain)|Economic and Social Council]].}} the [[Spanish Ombudsman|Ombudsman]]; the [[Spanish Attorney General|State's Attorney General]]; high-ranking officials of [[Spanish government departments|government departments]], the [[Office of the Prime Minister (Spain)|Office of the Prime Minister]] and other [[List of agencies in Spain|state agencies]]; [[Government Delegation (Spain)|government delegates in the autonomous communities and civil governors]]; the [[chair of RTVE|director-general of RTVE]]; the director of the Electoral Register Office; the [[Governor of the Bank of Spain|governor]] and deputy governor of the [[Bank of Spain]]; the heads of [[Official Credit Institute|official credit institutions]]; and members of [[electoral commission]]s and of the [[Nuclear Safety Council (Spain)|Nuclear Safety Council]]; *Heads of [[List of diplomatic missions of Spain|diplomatic missions]] abroad; *[[Judiciary of Spain|Judges]] and [[Prosecution Ministry|public prosecutors]] in active service; *Members of the [[Spanish Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] and [[Law enforcement in Spain|law enforcement bodies]] in active service.

Other ineligibility provisions also applied to a number of territorial officials in these categories within their [[Jurisdiction (area)|areas of jurisdiction]], as well as to employees of foreign states and members of regional governments.<ref name="CEArt70LOREGArt6"/>

[[Incompatibility rule]]s included those of ineligibility, and also barred running in multiple constituencies or lists, and combining legislative roles (deputy, senator, and regional lawmaker) with each other or with:<ref>{{harvp|Constitution|1978|loc=art. 67}}; {{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 46 & 155–159}}.</ref> *A number of senior public or institutional posts, including the presidency of the [[National Commission on Markets and Competition|Competition Defence Court]]; and leadership positions in RTVE, government offices, public authorities (such as [[port authorities]], hydrographic confederations, or [[Highways in Spain|highway concessionary companies]]), public entities and state-owned or publicly funded companies; *Any other paid [[Public sector|public]] or [[Private sector|private]] position, except [[University professor|university teaching]].

===Parties and lists=== {{See also|List of political parties in Spain}} The electoral law allowed for [[Political party|parties]] and [[Political alliance|federations]] registered in the [[Ministry of the Interior (Spain)|interior ministry]], [[Electoral alliance|alliances]] and [[Grouping of electors (Spain)|groupings of electors]] to present [[Electoral list|lists of candidates]]. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list.<ref>{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=arts. 44 & 169}}.</ref>

Below is a list of the main parties and alliances which contested the election:

{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.35em; text-align:left;" |- ! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| Candidacy ! rowspan="3"| Parties and alliances ! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| Leading candidate ! rowspan="3"| Ideology ! colspan="4"| Previous result ! rowspan="3"| {{abbr|Gov.|Government}} ! rowspan="3"| {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |- ! colspan="2"| Congress ! colspan="2"| Senate |- ! Vote % ! Seats ! Vote % ! Seats |- | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) | [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] (PSC) }} | [[File:Felipe González 1993b (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Felipe González]] | [[Social democracy]] | align="center"| 40.1% {{efn|name="PSOE+EE"}} | {{big|'''177'''}} | align="center"| 40.7% {{efn|Results for [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] (40.1%, 107 senators) and [[Euskadiko Ezkerra|EE]] (0.5%, 0 senators) in the 1989 Senate election.}} | {{big|'''107'''}} | {{ya|15}} | <ref>{{cite news |date=12 September 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/09/12/espana/716248819_850215.html |title=El PSOE proclama candidato a la presidencia a González pese a que este mantiene la incógnita |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |date=1 January 1993 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/01/10/espana/726620405_850215.html |title=Socialistas y Euskadiko Ezkerra ponen en marcha su proyecto de fusión |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |date=22 February 1993 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/02/22/espana/730335604_850215.html |title=318 afiliados de Euskadiko Ezkerra aprueban la fusión con el PSE-PSOE |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | align="center"| '''[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) | [[Navarrese People's Union]] (UPN) }} | [[File:José María Aznar 1996 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[José María Aznar]] | [[Conservatism]] [[Christian democracy]] | align="center"| 25.8% | {{big|'''107'''}} | align="center"| 26.1% | {{big|'''78'''}} | {{na|15}} | <ref>{{cite news |date=18 March 1991 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1991/03/18/espana/669250801_850215.html |title=El PP desaparece en Navarra al fusionarse con Unión del Pueblo Navarro |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |date=30 November 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/11/30/espana/723078014_850215.html |title=Aznar será proclamado candidato del PP a La Moncloa el 16 de enero |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Convergence and Union|CiU]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Democratic Convergence of Catalonia]] (CDC) | [[Democratic Union of Catalonia]] (UDC) }} | [[File:Miquel Roca 1987 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Miquel Roca]] | [[Catalan nationalism]] [[Centrism]] | align="center"| 5.0% | {{big|'''18'''}} | align="center"| 5.3% | {{big|'''10'''}} | {{na|15}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | align="center"| '''[[United Left (Spain)|IU]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] (IU) {{smaller|– [[Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE) – [[Socialist Action Party (Spain)|Socialist Action Party]] (PASOC) – [[Republican Left (Spain, 1977)|Republican Left]] (IR) – [[Unitarian Candidacy of Workers|Collectives for the Unity of Workers]] (CUT) – [[Galician Socialist Party–Galician Left|Galician Left]] (EG)}} | [[Initiative for Catalonia]] (IC) {{smaller|– [[Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia]] (PSUC)}} }} | [[File:Julio Anguita 1996 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Julio Anguita]] | [[Socialism]] [[Communism]] | align="center"| 9.1% | {{big|'''17'''}} | align="center"| 8.8% | {{big|'''1'''}} | {{na|15}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|CDS]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS) }} | [[File:Rafael Calvo Ortega 1980 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Rafael Calvo Ortega]] | [[Centrism]] [[Liberalism]] | align="center"| 7.9% | {{big|'''14'''}} | align="center"| 7.6% | {{big|'''1'''}} | {{na|15}} | <ref>{{cite news |date=20 September 1992 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/09/20/espana/716940010_850215.html |title=Calvo Ortega, candidato |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (EAJ/PNV) }} | [[File:2007 02 Inaki Anasagasti-2.jpg|50px]] | [[Iñaki Anasagasti]] | [[Basque nationalism]] [[Christian democracy]] | align="center"| 1.2% | {{big|'''5'''}} | align="center"| 1.3% | {{big|'''4'''}} | {{na|15}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Herri Batasuna}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Herri Batasuna|HB]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Herri Batasuna|Popular Unity]] (HB) {{smaller|– [[Basque Nationalist Action]] (EAE/ANV) – [[Abertzale Sozialista Komiteak|Patriotic Socialist Committees]] (ASK)}} }} | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | Jon Idigoras | [[Basque independence]] [[Abertzale left]] [[Revolutionary socialism]] | align="center"| 1.1% | {{big|'''4'''}} | align="center"| 1.1% | {{big|'''3'''}} | {{na|15}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Andalusian Party|PA]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Andalusian Party]] (PA) }} | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | Salvador Pérez Bueno | [[Andalusian nationalism]] [[Social democracy]] | align="center"| 1.0% | {{big|'''2'''}} | align="center"| 1.2% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na|15}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Union}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Valencian Union|UV]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Valencian Union]] (UV) }} | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | [[Vicente González Lizondo]] | [[Blaverism]] [[Conservatism]] | align="center"| 0.7% | {{big|'''2'''}} | align="center"| 0.6% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na|15}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA]]–[[Euskal Ezkerra|EuE]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Eusko Alkartasuna|Basque Solidarity]] (EA) | [[Euskal Ezkerra|Basque Left]] (EuE) }} | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | Xabier Albistur | [[Basque nationalism]] [[Social democracy]] | align="center"| 0.7% | {{big|'''2'''}} | align="center"| 0.7% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na|15}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Aragonese Party|PAR]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Aragonese Party]] (PAR) }} | [[File:José María Aznar recibe al presidente del Partido Aragonés Regionalista (cropped).jpg|50px]] | José María Mur | [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]] [[Centrism]] | align="center"| 0.4% | {{big|'''1'''}} | align="center"| 0.4% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na|15}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Canarian Coalition|CC]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Canarian Independent Groups]] (AIC) {{smaller|– [[Tenerife Group of Independents]] (ATI) – La Palma Group of Independents (API) – Gomera Group of Independents (AGI) – [[Independents of Fuerteventura]] (IF) – [[Lanzarote Independents Party]] (PIL)}} | [[Nationalist Canarian Initiative]] (ICAN) | [[Nationalist Canarian Centre|Independent Canarian Centre]] (CCI) | [[Canarian Nationalist Party]] (PNC) | [[Independent Herrenian Group]] (AHI) | [[Majorera Assembly]] (AM) }} | [[File:Lorenzo Olarte 1979 (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Lorenzo Olarte Cullen|Lorenzo Olarte]] | [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]] [[Canarian nationalism]] [[Centrism]] | align="center"| 0.3% {{efn|name="AIC"|Results for [[Canarian Independent Groups|AIC]] in the 1989 election.}} | {{big|'''1'''}} | align="center"| 0.2% {{efn|name="AIC"}} | {{big|'''4'''}} | {{na|15}} | |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | align="center"| '''[[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]]''' | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC) }} | [[File:Pilar Rahola (cropped).jpg|50px]] | [[Pilar Rahola]] | [[Catalan independence]] [[Left-wing nationalism]] [[Social democracy]] | align="center"| 0.4% | {{big|'''0'''}} | align="center"| 0.4% | {{big|'''0'''}} | {{na|15}} | |}

==Campaign== ===Debates=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ 1993 Spanish general election debates |- ! rowspan="3"| Date ! rowspan="3"| Organisers ! rowspan="3"| Moderator(s) ! colspan="4"| {{smaller|  }} {{Colors|black|#90FF90| P }} {{smaller|Present{{efn|Denotes a main invitee attending the event.}}  }} {{Colors|black|#D0F0C0| S }} {{smaller|Surrogate{{efn|Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.}}  }} {{Colors|black|#A2B2C2| NI }} {{smaller|Not invited }} {{Colors|black|#FFFF90| I }} {{smaller|Invited  }} {{Colors|black|#FF9090| A }} {{smaller|Absent invitee }} |- ! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] ! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:5em;"| Audience ! rowspan="2"| {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |- ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}};"| ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}};"| |- | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 24 May | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| [[Antena 3 (Spain)|Antena 3]] | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Manuel Campo Vidal | {{Yes|'''P''' {{smaller|[[Felipe González|González]]}}}} | {{Yes|'''P''' {{smaller|[[José María Aznar|Aznar]]}}}} | 61.8% {{smaller|(9,625,000)}} | <ref name="Debates1">{{cite news |date=13 October 2015 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/enredados/2015/10/13/561d1f9646163f102b8b4639.html |title=Cinco debates en 11 elecciones: del 'desastre' de Felipe a la 'niña' de Rajoy |language=es |work=El Mundo |access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Debates2">{{cite news |date=21 February 2008 |url=https://www.formulatv.com/noticias/6878/los-debates-gonzalez---aznar-entre-las-emisiones-mas-vistas-de-la-historia-de-antena-3-y-telecinco/ |title=Los debates González - Aznar, entre las emisiones más vistas de la historia de Antena 3 y Telecinco |language=es |work=FormulaTV |access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 31 May | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| [[Telecinco|Tele 5]] | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| [[Luis Mariñas]] | {{Yes|'''P''' {{smaller|[[Felipe González|González]]}}}} | {{Yes|'''P''' {{smaller|[[José María Aznar|Aznar]]}}}} | 75.3% {{smaller|(10,526,000)}} | <ref name="Debates1"/> <ref name="Debates2"/> |}

;Opinion polls {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |+ Candidate viewed as "performing best" or "most convincing" in each debate |- ! rowspan="2"| Debate ! rowspan="2"| Polling firm/Commissioner ! style="width:45px;"| [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] ! style="width:45px;"| [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] ! style="width:45px;" rowspan="2"| Tie ! style="width:45px;" rowspan="2"| None ! style="width:45px;" rowspan="2"| {{Qmark}} |- ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}};"| ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}};"| |- | rowspan="3" align="left"| 24 May | align="left"| Demoscopia/El País<ref>{{cite news |title=Triunfo claro de Aznar en el primer debate |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/05/26/espana/738367204_850215.html |language=es |work=El País |date=26 May 1993}}</ref> | 21.0 | {{Party shading/PP}}| '''50.0''' | colspan="3"| 29.0 |- | align="left"| Opina/La Vanguardia<ref>{{cite web |title=Aznar superó a González en el debate |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1993/05/26/pagina-11/33719388/pdf.html |language=es |work=La Vanguardia |date=26 May 1993}}</ref> | 18.4 | {{Party shading/PP}}| '''42.5''' | 8.1 | 13.9 | 17.2 |- | align="left"| Sigma Dos/El Mundo<ref>{{cite web |title=Las encuestas de "El Mundo", "La Vanguardia" y "El País" dan el triunfo a Aznar |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1993/05/26/027.html |language=es |work=ABC |date=26 May 1993}}</ref> | 28.0 | {{Party shading/PP}}| '''49.8''' | colspan="3"| 22.2 |- | rowspan="2" align="left"| 31 May | align="left"| Demoscopia/El País<ref>{{cite news |title=Victoria neta de González sobre Aznar en el segundo cara a cara televisivo |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1993/06/02/espana/738972046_850215.html |language=es |work=El País |date=2 June 1993}}</ref> | {{Party shading/PSOE}}| '''48.0''' | 18.0 | colspan="3"| 34.0 |- | align="left"| Opina/La Vanguardia<ref>{{cite web |title=González ganó por 20,9 puntos a Aznar |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1993/06/02/pagina-11/34720219/pdf.html |language=es |work=La Vanguardia |date=2 June 1993}}</ref> | {{Party shading/PSOE}}| '''36.2''' | 15.3 | 17.4 | 13.6 | 17.5 |}

==Opinion polls== {{Main|Opinion polling for the 1993 Spanish general election}} {{wide image|OpinionPollingSpainGeneralElection1993.svg|750px|[[Local regression]] trend line of poll results from 29 October 1989 to 6 June 1993, with each line corresponding to a political party.}}

==Results== ===Congress of Deputies=== {{For|results by autonomous community/constituency|Results breakdown of the 1993 Spanish general election (Congress)}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |+ [[1989 Spanish general election#Congress of Deputies|←]] Summary of the 6 June 1993 [[Congress of Deputies]] election results [[1996 Spanish general election#Congress of Deputies|→]] |- | colspan="7"| [[File:SpainCongressDiagram1993.svg|center|400px]] |- ! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="525"| Parties and alliances ! colspan="3"| Popular vote ! colspan="2"| Seats |- ! width="75"| Votes ! width="45"| % ! width="45"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]] ! width="35"| Total ! width="35"| +/− |- | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)1 | 9,150,083 || 38.78 || style="color:red;"| −1.33 | '''159''' || style="color:red;"| −18 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) | 8,201,463 || 34.76 || style="color:green;"| +8.97 | '''141''' || style="color:green;"| +34 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] (IU) | 2,253,722 || 9.55 || style="color:green;"| +0.48 | '''18''' || style="color:green;"| +1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Convergence and Union]] (CiU) | 1,165,783 || 4.94 || style="color:red;"| −0.10 | '''17''' || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS) | 414,740 || 1.76 || style="color:red;"| −6.13 | 0 || style="color:red;"| −14 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (EAJ/PNV) | 291,448 || 1.24 || ±0.00 | '''5''' || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"| | align="left"| [[Canarian Coalition]] (CC)2 | 207,077 || 0.88 || style="color:green;"| +0.45 | '''4''' || style="color:green;"| +3 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Herri Batasuna}}"| | align="left"| [[Herri Batasuna|Popular Unity]] (HB) | 206,876 || 0.88 || style="color:red;"| −0.18 | '''2''' || style="color:red;"| −2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | align="left"| [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC) | 189,632 || 0.80 || style="color:green;"| +0.39 | '''1''' || style="color:green;"| +1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Confederation of the Greens}}"| | align="left"| [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens]] (Verdes)3 | 185,940 || 0.79 || style="color:red;"| −0.11 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Aragonese Party]] (PAR) | 144,544 || 0.61 || style="color:green;"| +0.26 | '''1''' || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"| | align="left"| [[Eusko Alkartasuna|Basque Solidarity]]–[[Euskal Ezkerra|Basque Left]] (EA–EuE) | 129,293 || 0.55 || style="color:red;"| −0.12 | '''1''' || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician Nationalist Bloc]] (BNG) | 126,965 || 0.54 || style="color:green;"| +0.31 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Union]] (UV) | 112,341 || 0.48 || style="color:red;"| −0.23 | '''1''' || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Party]] (PA) | 96,513 || 0.41 || style="color:red;"| −0.63 | 0 || style="color:red;"| −2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Ecologist Greens (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[The Ecologist Greens (Spain)|The Ecologists]] (LE) | 68,851 || 0.29 || style="color:red;"| −0.38 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Ruiz-Mateos Group}}"| | align="left"| [[Ruiz-Mateos Group]]–[[European Democratic Alliance]] (ARM–ADE) | 54,518 || 0.23 || style="color:red;"| −0.84 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Progress Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Progress Party]] (PAP) | 43,169 || 0.18 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian People's Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian People's Union]] (UPV) | 41,052 || 0.17 || style="color:red;"| −0.03 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Workers' Socialist Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Workers' Socialist Party (Spain)|Workers' Socialist Party]] (PST) | 30,068 || 0.13 || style="color:red;"| −0.27 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Union for the Progress of Cantabria}}"| | align="left"| [[Union for the Progress of Cantabria]] (UPCA) | 27,005 || 0.11 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Left of the Balearic Islands Federation}}"| | align="left"| [[Nationalist Left of the Balearic Islands Federation|Nationalists of the Balearic Islands]] (PSM–ENE) | 20,118 || 0.09 || style="color:green;"| +0.05 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of Cantabria]] (PRC) | 18,608 || 0.08 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Alavese Unity}}"| | align="left"| [[Alavese Unity]] (UA) | 16,623 || 0.07 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Liberal Independent Group}}"| | align="left"| [[Liberal Independent Group]] (GIL) | 16,452 || 0.07 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Gran Canaria}}"| | align="left"| Party of Gran Canaria (PGC) | 15,246 || 0.06 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Leonese People's Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Leonese People's Union]] (UPL) | 13,097 || 0.06 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Natural Law Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Natural Law Party]] (PLN) | 11,392 || 0.05 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Partíu Asturianista}}"| | align="left"| [[Partíu Asturianista|Asturianist Party]] (PAS) | 11,088 || 0.05 || style="color:green;"| +0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Extremadura}}"| | align="left"| [[United Extremadura]] (EU) | 10,653 || 0.05 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain}}"| | align="left"| [[Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain]] (PCPE) | 10,233 || 0.04 || style="color:red;"| −0.27 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Majorcan Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Majorcan Union|Majorcan, Menorcan and Pityusic Union]] (UMMP) | 10,053 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Ecologist Party of Catalonia}}"| | align="left"| Ecologist Party of Catalonia–VERDE (PEC–VERDE) | 9,249 || 0.04 || style="color:red;"| −0.06 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Humanist Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Humanist Party (Spain)|Humanist Party]] (PH) | 8,834 || 0.04 || style="color:red;"| −0.04 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)|Revolutionary Workers' Party]] (POR) | 8,667 || 0.04 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}"| | align="left"| [[Falange Española de las JONS (1976)|Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO]] (FE–JONS) | 8,000 || 0.03 || style="color:red;"| −0.09 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalition for a New Socialist Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Coalition for a New Socialist Party]] (CNPS)4 | 7,991 || 0.03 || style="color:red;"| −0.03 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Riojan Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Riojan Party]] (PR) | 7,532 || 0.03 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}"| | align="left"| [[Chunta Aragonesista|Aragonese Union]] (CHA) | 6,344 || 0.03 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Convergence}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician Nationalist Convergence]] (CNG) | 4,663 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Commoners' Land}}"| | align="left"| [[Commoners' Land|Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party]] (TC–PNC) | 4,647 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Alternative}}"| | align="left"| Galician Alternative (AG) | 3,286 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Democratic Republican Action}}"| | align="left"| Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) | 3,063 || 0.01 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Unity of Castile and León}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Unity of Castile and León]] (URCL) | 2,715 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of El Bierzo}}"| | align="left"| Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 2,681 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Extremaduran Regionalist Party}}"| | align="left"| Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 2,086 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Health and Ecology in Solidarity (SEES) | 1,959 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Madrilenian Independent Regional Party}}"| | align="left"| Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM)5 | 1,917 || 0.01 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | bgcolor="gray"| | align="left"| Gray Panthers of Spain (ACI) | 1,644 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Nationalist Left}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Nationalist Left]] (ENV) | 1,517 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española Independiente}}"| | align="left"| [[Falange Española Independiente|Independent Spanish Phalanx]] (FEI) | 1,415 || 0.01 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| People's Palentine Group (APP) | 1,410 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Rainbow (Arcoiris) | 1,407 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| The Greens of the Alicantine Country (PVPA) | 1,375 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cantonal Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Cantonal Party]] (PCAN) | 1,300 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country]] (PREPAL) | 1,193 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Catholic Movement}}"| | align="left"| [[Spanish Catholic Movement]] (MCE) | 1,178 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Tenerife Assembly (ATF) | 1,159 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta}}"| | align="left"| [[Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta]] (PSPC) | 1,155 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Insular Group of Gran Canaria}}"| | align="left"| Insular Group of Gran Canaria (AIGRANC) | 1,009 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Castilianist Union}}"| | align="left"| Castilianist Union (UC) | 949 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andecha Astur}}"| | align="left"| [[Andecha Astur]] (AA) | 787 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española Auténtica}}"| | align="left"| [[Falange Española Auténtica|Authentic Spanish Phalanx]] (FEA) | 747 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Alicantine Democratic Union (UniDA) | 715 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Progressive Front of Spain (FPE) | 641 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Union of Autonomies (UDLA) | 594 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist October}}"| | align="left"| [[Socialist October]] (OS) | 540 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Independent Council of Asturias (Conceyu) | 528 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Integration Party for Almeria and its Peoples (PIAP) | 466 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Spanish Balearic Alternative (ABE) | 416 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) | 408 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Party of The People (LG) | 385 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Party of Cantabria}}"| | align="left"| [[Nationalist Party of Cantabria]] (PNC) | 383 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Federated Independents of Aragon (IF) | 303 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Radical Balearic Party (PRB) | 282 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Tagoror Party (Tagoror) | 278 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Guadalajara}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of Guadalajara]] (PRGU) | 267 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Social Democratic Spanish Christian Monarchy (MCES) | 244 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Progressive Sorian Union (US) | 98 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Party of Castile and León}}"| | align="left"| [[Nationalist Party of Castile and León]] (PANCAL) | 70 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Initiative for Ceuta (INCE) | 42 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Unification of Spain}}"| | align="left"| [[Communist Unification of Spain]] (UCE) | 0 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Coalition for Free Canaries (CCL) | 0 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) | 0 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Freixes Independent Group}}"| | align="left"| Freixes Independent Group (Freixes) | 0 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots | 188,679 || 0.80 || style="color:green;"| +0.11 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Total | 23,591,864 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | 350 || ±0 |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes | 23,591,864 || 99.46 || style="color:green;"| +0.20 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"| |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes | 126,952 || 0.54 || style="color:red;"| −0.20 |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout | 23,718,816 || 76.44 || style="color:green;"| +6.70 |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions | 7,311,695 || 23.56 || style="color:red;"| −6.70 |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters | 31,030,511 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- | align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="InfoE">{{cite web |url=https://infoelectoral.interior.gob.es/es/elecciones-celebradas/resultados-electorales/ |title=Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales |language=es |publisher=[[Ministry of the Interior (Spain)|Ministry of the Interior]] |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="HE">{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1993.html |title=Elecciones Generales 6 de junio de 1993 |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="Results1">{{cite journal |date=16 July 1993 |title=Acuerdo de 13 de julio de 1993, de la Junta Electoral Central, por el que se ordena la publicación del resumen de los resultados de las elecciones para el Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 534/1993, de 12 de abril, y celebradas el 6 de junio de 1993, según los datos que figuran en las actas de escrutinio general remitidas por cada una de las Juntas Electorales Provinciales |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1993/07/16/pdfs/A21822-21843.pdf |language=es |journal=[[Official State Gazette]] |issue=169 |issn=0212-033X |pages=21822–21843 |access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="Results2">{{cite journal |date=9 August 1993 |title=Corrección de errores del resumen de los resultados de las Elecciones para el Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 534/1993, de 12 de abril, y celebradas el 6 de junio de 1993, según los datos que figuran en las actas de escrutinio general remitidas por cada una de las Juntas Electorales Provinciales |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1993/08/09/pdfs/A24082-24083.pdf |language=es |journal=[[Official State Gazette]] |issue=189 |issn=0212-033X |pages=24082–24083 |access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref> |- | colspan="7" style="text-align:left; max-width:790px;"| {{hidden|ta1=left|title=Footnotes:|content={{ubl | 1 [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and [[Euskadiko Ezkerra|Basque Country Left]] in the 1989 election. | 2 [[Canarian Coalition]] results are compared to [[Canarian Independent Groups]] totals in the 1989 election. | 3 [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens]] results are compared to the combined totals of [[Green List (Spain)|Green List]] and [[Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia]] in the 1989 election. | 4 [[Coalition for a New Socialist Party]] results are compared to [[Alliance for the Republic (Spain)|Alliance for the Republic]] totals in the 1989 election. | 5 Madrilenian Independent Regional Party results are compared to Regional Party of Madrid totals in the 1989 election.}}}} |}

{{bar box |title=Popular vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars= {{bar percent|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|38.78}} {{bar percent|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|34.76}} {{bar percent|[[United Left (Spain)|IU]]|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|9.55}} {{bar percent|[[Convergence and Union|CiU]]|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|4.94}} {{bar percent|[[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|CDS]]|{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}|1.76}} {{bar percent|[[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]]|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|1.24}} {{bar percent|[[Canarian Coalition|CC]]|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|0.88}} {{bar percent|[[Herri Batasuna|HB]]|{{party color|Herri Batasuna}}|0.88}} {{bar percent|[[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]]|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|0.80}} {{bar percent|[[Aragonese Party|PAR]]|{{party color|Aragonese Party}}|0.61}} {{bar percent|[[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA–EUE]]|{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}|0.55}} {{bar percent|[[Valencian Union|UV]]|{{party color|Valencian Union}}|0.48}} {{bar percent|Others|#777777|3.97}} {{bar percent|Blank ballots|#DDDDDD|0.80}} }} {{bar box |title=Seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars= {{bar percent|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|45.43}} {{bar percent|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|40.29}} {{bar percent|[[United Left (Spain)|IU]]|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|5.14}} {{bar percent|[[Convergence and Union|CiU]]|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|4.86}} {{bar percent|[[Basque Nationalist Party|EAJ/PNV]]|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|1.43}} {{bar percent|[[Canarian Coalition|CC]]|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|1.14}} {{bar percent|[[Herri Batasuna|HB]]|{{party color|Herri Batasuna}}|0.57}} {{bar percent|[[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]]|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|0.29}} {{bar percent|[[Aragonese Party|PAR]]|{{party color|Aragonese Party}}|0.29}} {{bar percent|[[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA–EUE]]|{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}|0.29}} {{bar percent|[[Valencian Union|UV]]|{{party color|Valencian Union}}|0.29}} }}

===Senate=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |+ [[1989 Spanish general election#Senate|←]] Summary of the 6 June 1993 [[Senate of Spain]] election results [[1996 Spanish general election#Senate|→]] |- | colspan="7"| [[File:SpainSenateDiagram1993.svg|center|375px]] |- ! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="525"| Parties and alliances ! colspan="3"| Popular vote ! colspan="2"| Seats |- ! width="75"| Votes ! width="45"| % ! width="45"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]] ! width="35"| Total ! width="35"| +/− |- | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)1 | 25,441,605 || 39.02 || style="color:red;"| −1.66 | '''96''' || style="color:red;"| −11 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) | 22,467,236 || 34.46 || style="color:green;"| +8.40 | '''93''' || style="color:green;"| +15 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] (IU) | 6,172,255 || 9.47 || style="color:green;"| +0.70 | 0 || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Convergence and Union]] (CiU) | 3,458,419 || 5.30 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | '''10''' || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS) | 1,189,877 || 1.82 || style="color:red;"| −5.78 | 0 || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (EAJ/PNV) | 846,605 || 1.30 || style="color:red;"| −0.04 | '''3''' || style="color:red;"| −1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Herri Batasuna}}"| | align="left"| [[Herri Batasuna|Popular Unity]] (HB) | 599,744 || 0.92 || style="color:red;"| −0.22 | '''1''' || style="color:red;"| −2 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Confederation of the Greens}}"| | align="left"| [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens]] (Verdes)2 | 570,793 || 0.88 || style="color:green;"| +0.24 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Aragonese Party]] (PAR) | 465,162 || 0.71 || style="color:green;"| +0.28 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician Nationalist Bloc]] (BNG) | 402,549 || 0.62 || style="color:green;"| +0.36 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"| | align="left"| [[Canarian Coalition]] (CC)3 | 396,799 || 0.61 || style="color:green;"| +0.37 | '''5''' || style="color:green;"| +1 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"| | align="left"| [[Eusko Alkartasuna|Basque Solidarity]]–[[Euskal Ezkerra|Basque Left]] (EA–EuE) | 381,356 || 0.58 || style="color:red;"| −0.14 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Union]] (UV) | 347,593 || 0.53 || style="color:red;"| −0.08 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Party]] (PA) | 312,384 || 0.48 || style="color:red;"| −0.67 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | align="left"| [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (ERC) | 239,546 || 0.37 || style="color:red;"| −0.06 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Ruiz-Mateos Group}}"| | align="left"| [[Ruiz-Mateos Group]]–[[European Democratic Alliance]] (ARM–ADE) | 180,139 || 0.28 || style="color:red;"| −0.43 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Union for the Progress of Cantabria}}"| | align="left"| [[Union for the Progress of Cantabria]] (UPCA) | 144,784 || 0.22 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian People's Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian People's Union]] (UPV) | 138,183 || 0.21 || style="color:red;"| −0.03 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Progress Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Andalusian Progress Party]] (PAP) | 133,514 || 0.20 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Ecologist Greens (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[The Ecologist Greens (Spain)|The Ecologists]] (LE) | 70,589 || 0.11 || style="color:red;"| −0.43 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Liberal Independent Group}}"| | align="left"| [[Liberal Independent Group]] (GIL) | 60,071 || 0.09 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Leonese People's Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Leonese People's Union]] (UPL) | 57,797 || 0.09 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Ecologist Party of Catalonia}}"| | align="left"| Ecologist Party of Catalonia (PEC) | 52,053 || 0.08 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Alavese Unity}}"| | align="left"| [[Alavese Unity]] (UA) | 49,120 || 0.08 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Extremadura}}"| | align="left"| [[United Extremadura]] (EU) | 48,113 || 0.07 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Partíu Asturianista}}"| | align="left"| [[Partíu Asturianista|Asturianist Party]] (PAS) | 43,538 || 0.07 || style="color:green;"| +0.04 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Workers' Socialist Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Workers' Socialist Party (Spain)|Workers' Socialist Party]] (PST) | 43,044 || 0.07 || style="color:red;"| −0.15 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Left of the Balearic Islands Federation}}"| | align="left"| [[Nationalist Left of the Balearic Islands Federation|Nationalists of the Balearic Islands]] (PSM–ENE) | 40,478 || 0.06 || style="color:green;"| +0.03 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain}}"| | align="left"| [[Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain]] (PCPE) | 35,618 || 0.05 || style="color:red;"| −0.22 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Gran Canaria}}"| | align="left"| Party of Gran Canaria (PGC) | 30,285 || 0.05 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of Cantabria]] (PRC) | 28,769 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}"| | align="left"| [[Chunta Aragonesista|Aragonese Union]] (CHA) | 28,186 || 0.04 || style="color:green;"| +0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Riojan Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Riojan Party]] (PR) | 27,383 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Majorcan Union}}"| | align="left"| [[Majorcan Union|Majorcan, Menorcan and Pityusic Union]] (UMMP) | 24,450 || 0.04 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}"| | align="left"| [[Falange Española de las JONS (1976)|Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO]] (FE–JONS) | 22,845 || 0.04 || style="color:red;"| −0.09 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Commoners' Land}}"| | align="left"| [[Commoners' Land|Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party]] (TC–PNC) | 17,953 || 0.03 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Convergence}}"| | align="left"| [[Galician Nationalist Convergence]] (CNG) | 16,405 || 0.03 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalition for a New Socialist Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Coalition for a New Socialist Party]] (CNPS)4 | 13,733 || 0.02 || style="color:red;"| −0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Unity of Castile and León}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Unity of Castile and León]] (URCL) | 13,041 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country]] (PREPAL) | 12,147 || 0.02 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Democratic Republican Action}}"| | align="left"| Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) | 11,830 || 0.02 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Humanist Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Humanist Party (Spain)|Humanist Party]] (PH) | 11,176 || 0.02 || style="color:red;"| −0.05 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Alternative}}"| | align="left"| Galician Alternative (AG) | 10,849 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española Independiente}}"| | align="left"| [[Falange Española Independiente|Independent Spanish Phalanx]] (FEI) | 10,768 || 0.02 || style="color:green;"| +0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Madrilenian Independent Regional Party}}"| | align="left"| Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM)5 | 10,713 || 0.02 || style="color:red;"| −0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | bgcolor="gray"| | align="left"| Gray Panthers of Spain (ACI) | 10,681 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)|Revolutionary Workers' Party]] (POR) | 10,258 || 0.02 || style="color:green;"| +0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Extremaduran Regionalist Party}}"| | align="left"| Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 10,253 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Green Social Unity (USV) | 9,802 || 0.02 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|VERDE}}"| | align="left"| Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) | 9,704 || 0.01 || style="color:red;"| −0.17 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Catholic Movement}}"| | align="left"| [[Spanish Catholic Movement]] (MCE) | 9,507 || 0.01 || style="color:red;"| −0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Rainbow (Arcoiris) | 5,419 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of El Bierzo}}"| | align="left"| Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 5,151 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| People's Palentine Group (APP) | 4,869 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Nationalist Left}}"| | align="left"| [[Valencian Nationalist Left]] (ENV) | 4,617 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| The Greens of the Alicantine Country (PVPA) | 4,439 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Natural Law Party (Spain)}}"| | align="left"| [[Natural Law Party]] (PLN) | 4,422 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cantonal Party}}"| | align="left"| [[Cantonal Party]] (PCAN) | 4,333 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Federal Socialist Party (PSF) | 4,168 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Health and Ecology in Solidarity (SEES) | 4,083 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) | 4,047 || 0.01 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Alicantine Democratic Union (UniDA) | 3,611 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española Auténtica}}"| | align="left"| [[Falange Española Auténtica|Authentic Spanish Phalanx]] (FEA) | 3,408 || 0.01 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andecha Astur}}"| | align="left"| [[Andecha Astur]] (AA) | 3,068 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Castilianist Union}}"| | align="left"| Castilianist Union (UC) | 3,013 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Tenerife Assembly (ATF) | 2,638 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Spanish Action (AE) | 2,595 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Independent Council of Asturias (Conceyu) | 2,326 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Navarrese Regionalists (RN) | 2,213 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Insular Group of Gran Canaria}}"| | align="left"| Insular Group of Gran Canaria (AIGRANC) | 2,098 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta}}"| | align="left"| [[Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta]] (PSPC) | 1,961 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist October}}"| | align="left"| [[Socialist October]] (OS) | 1,751 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Guadalajara}}"| | align="left"| [[Regionalist Party of Guadalajara]] (PRGU) | 1,641 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Party of Cantabria}}"| | align="left"| [[Nationalist Party of Cantabria]] (PNC) | 1,566 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Natural Culture}}"| | align="left"| Natural Culture (CN) | 1,557 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.01 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| [[Blue Party of Progressive Rightwing]] (PADP) | 1,086 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Integration Party for Almeria and its Peoples (PIAP) | 1,026 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Tagoror Party (Tagoror) | 1,016 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Social Democratic Spanish Christian Monarchy (MCES) | 1,009 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Federated Independents of Aragon (IF) | 842 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Spanish Balearic Alternative (ABE) | 717 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) | 583 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Proverist Party}}"| | align="left"| Proverist Party (PPr) | 467 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Radical Balearic Party (PRB) | 460 || 0.00 || ±0.00 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Party of Castile and León}}"| | align="left"| [[Nationalist Party of Castile and León]] (PANCAL) | 352 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| −0.02 | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Progressive Sorian Union (US) | 347 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:white"| | align="left"| Initiative for Ceuta (INCE) | 70 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Unification of Spain}}"| | align="left"| [[Communist Unification of Spain]] (UCE) | 0 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Freixes Independent Group}}"| | align="left"| Freixes Independent Group (Freixes) | 0 || 0.00 || ''New'' | 0 || ±0 |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots{{efn|The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.}} | 376,829 || 1.63 || style="color:red;"| −0.04 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Total | 65,203,500 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | 208 || ±0 |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes | 23,189,174 || 97.70 || style="color:green;"| +1.13 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"| |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes | 546,821 || 2.30 || style="color:red;"| −1.13 |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout | 23,735,995 || 76.49 || style="color:green;"| +6.62 |- | align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions | 7,294,516 || 23.51 || style="color:red;"| −6.62 |- style="font-weight:bold;" | align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters | 31,030,511 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |- | align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HESenate"/><ref name="InfoE"/><ref name="HE"/><ref name="Results1"/><ref name="Results2"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1993comp.html#s |title=Elecciones al Senado 1993 |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref> |- | colspan="7" style="text-align:left; max-width:790px;"| {{hidden|ta1=left|title=Footnotes:|content={{ubl | 1 [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and [[Euskadiko Ezkerra|Basque Country Left]] in the 1989 election. | 2 [[Confederation of the Greens|The Greens]] results are compared to the combined totals of [[Green List (Spain)|Green List]] and [[Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia]] in the 1989 election. | 3 [[Canarian Coalition]] results are compared to the combined totals of [[Canarian Independent Groups]], [[Lanzarote Independents Party|Lanzarote Independents Group]], [[Majorera Assembly]] and [[Independent Herrenian Group]] in the 1989 election. | 4 [[Coalition for a New Socialist Party]] results are compared to [[Alliance for the Republic (Spain)|Alliance for the Republic]] totals in the 1989 election. | 5 Madrilenian Independent Regional Party results are compared to Regional Party of Madrid totals in the 1989 election.}}}} |}

===Maps=== <gallery mode="packed" heights="250"> File:1993 Spanish general election map.svg|Election results by constituency (Congress). File:1993 Spanish election - Results.svg|Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress). File:1993 Spanish election - AC results.svg|Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress). </gallery>

==Aftermath== ===Government formation=== {{See|Fourth government of Felipe González}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- | colspan="3"| '''Investiture''' [[Congress of Deputies]] {{small|Nomination of [[Felipe González]] ([[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]])}} |- ! colspan="2" width="150px"| Ballot → ! 9 July 1993 |- ! colspan="2"| Required majority → | 176 out of 350 {{tick|15}} |- ! style="width:1px; color:inherit;background:green;"| | style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = Yes | • [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] (159) | • [[Convergence and Union|CiU]] (17) | • [[Basque Nationalist Party|PNV]] (5) }} | {{Composition bar|181|350|green|width=125px}} |- ! style="color:inherit;background:red;"| | style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = No | • [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] (141) | • [[United Left (Spain)|IU]]–[[Initiative for Catalonia|IC]] (17) | • [[Canarian Coalition|CC]] (4) | • [[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]] (1) | • [[Eusko Alkartasuna|EA]] (1) | • [[Valencian Union|UV]] (1) }} | {{Composition bar|165|350|red|width=125px}} |- ! style="color:inherit;background:gray;"| | style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = Abstentions | • [[Aragonese Party|PAR]] (1) }} | {{Composition bar|1|350|gray|width=125px}} |- ! style="color:inherit;background:black;"| | style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = Absentees | • [[Herri Batasuna|HB]] (2) | • [[United Left (Spain)|IU]]–[[Initiative for Catalonia|IC]] (1) }} | {{Composition bar|3|350|black|width=125px}} |- | style="text-align:left;" colspan="3"| Sources<ref name="HECongressVotes">{{cite web |last=Lozano |first=Carles |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/congresovota.html |title=Congreso de los Diputados: Votaciones más importantes |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref> |}

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== '''Legislation''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite act |italics=y |title=Constitución Española |type=Constitution |date=27 December 1978 |orig-date=version as of 28 August 1992 |reporter=[[Official State Gazette]] |id=BOE-A-1978-31229 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229&tn=1&p=19920828 |access-date=27 December 2016 |ref={{harvid|Constitution|1978}}}} *{{cite act |italics=y |title=Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General |type=Organic Law |number=5/1985 |date=19 June 1985 |orig-date=version as of 3 November 1992 |reporter=[[Official State Gazette]] |id=BOE-A-1985-11672 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672&tn=1&p=19921103 |access-date=28 December 2016 |ref={{harvid|LOREG|1985}}}} *{{cite act |italics=y |title=Ley 2/1992, de 28 de febrero, por la que pasan a denominarse oficialmente Girona y Lleida las provincias de Gerona y Lérida |type=Law |number=2/1992 |date=28 February 1992 |reporter=[[Official State Gazette]] |id=BOE-A-1992-4904 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-4904 |access-date=6 April 2026 |ref={{harvid|Law 2/1992|1992}}}} *{{cite act |italics=y |title=Real Decreto 534/1993, de 12 de abril, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones |type=Royal Decree |number=534/1993 |date=12 April 1993 |reporter=[[Official State Gazette]] |id=BOE-A-1993-9513 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1993-9513 |access-date=1 April 2026 |ref={{harvid|Royal Decree 534/1993|1993}}}} {{refend}}

'''Other''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |last1=Carreras de Odriozola |first1=Albert |last2=Tafunell Sambola |first2=Xavier |year=2005 |orig-year=1989 |title=Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX |url=http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf |language=es |volume=1 |location=Bilbao |publisher=Fundación BBVA |pages=1072–1097 |edition=II |isbn=84-96515-00-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |df=dmy-all}} {{refend}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:General election in Spain, 1993}} [[Category:1993 elections in Spain]] [[Category:General elections in Spain|1993]] [[Category:June 1993 in Spain]]