{{Short description|20th United States national census}} {{Use American English|date=March 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}} {{Infobox census | name = Twentieth census<br>of the United States | logo = Seal of the United States Census Bureau.svg | logo_caption = U.S. Census Bureau seal | image = USCensus1980.svg | image_caption = 1980 U.S. census logo | country = United States | region_type = state | date = April 1, 1980 | population = 226,545,805 | percent_change = {{increase}} 11.4% | most_populous = California<br>23,667,902 | least_populous = Alaska<br>401,851 | previous_census = 1970 United States census | previous_year = 1970 | next_census = 1990 United States census | next_year = 1990 }} The '''1980 United States census''', conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11.4% over the 203,184,772 persons enumerated during the 1970 census.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1991-02.pdf |title=Population and Area (Historical Censuses) |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=June 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624185938/http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1991-02.pdf |archive-date=June 24, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was the first census in which a state{{emdash}}California{{emdash}}recorded a population of 20 million people, as well as the first in which all states recorded populations of over 400,000. This was the first census to count Hispanic and Latino Americans as an ethnicity.
==Census questions== The 1980 census collected the following information from all respondents:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://purl.nysed.gov/nysl/9643270 |title=Library Bibliography Bulletin 88, New York State Census Records, 1790–1925 |page=46 (p. 52 of PDF) |date=October 1981 |publisher=New York State Library |access-date=December 15, 2008 }}</ref>
* Address * Name * Household relationship * Gender * Race * Age * Marital status * Whether of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent
It was the first census not to ask for the name of the "head of household."<ref name="'70s 246">{{cite book|title= How We Got Here: The '70s|last= Frum|first= David|author-link= David Frum|year= 2000|publisher= Basic Books|location= New York|isbn= 0-465-04195-7|page= [https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/246 246]|url= https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/246|url-access= registration}}</ref>
Approximately 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 1980 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1980 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.
==Data availability== Microdata from the 1980 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2052.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The "72-Year Rule" – History – U.S. Census Bureau|url = https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/decennial_census_records/the_72_year_rule_1.html|website = www.census.gov|access-date = October 26, 2015|language = en|publisher = US Census Bureau, PIO Census History Staff}}</ref>
==State population rankings== center|thumb|475x475px|A map showing the population change of each U.S. state by percentage. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;" |- ! style="width:40px" style="text-align: center;" | Rank ! style="text-align: center;" | State ! style="text-align: center;" | Population as of<br />1980 census ! style="text-align: center;" | Population as of<br />1970 census ! style="text-align: center;" | Change ! style="text-align: center;" | Percent<br />change |- | 1 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|California|size=23px}} | 23,667,902 | 19,953,134 | 3,714,768 {{increase}} | 18.6% {{increase}} |- | 2 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|New York|1909|size=23px}} | 17,558,072 | 18,236,967 | –678,895 {{decrease}} | –3.7% {{decrease}} |- | 3 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Texas|size=23px}} | 14,229,191 | 11,196,730 | 3,032,461 {{increase}} | 27.1% {{increase}} |- | 4 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Pennsylvania|size=23px}} | 11,863,895 | 11,793,909 | 69,986 {{increase}} | 0.6% {{increase}} |- | 5 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Illinois|size=23px}} | 11,426,518 | 11,113,976 | 312,542 {{increase}} | 2.8% {{increase}} |- | 6 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Ohio|size=25px}} | 10,797,630 | 10,652,017 | 145,613 {{increase}} | 1.4% {{increase}} |- | 7 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Florida|1900|size=23px}} | 9,746,324 | 6,789,443 | 2,956,881 {{increase}} | 43.6% {{increase}} |- | 8 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Michigan|size=23px}} | 9,262,078 | 8,875,083 | 386,995 {{increase}} | 4.4% {{increase}} |- | 9 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|New Jersey|size=23px}} | 7,364,823 | 7,168,164 | 196,659 {{increase}} | 2.7% {{increase}} |- | 10 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|North Carolina|1885|size=23px}} | 5,881,766 | 5,082,059 | 799,707 {{increase}} | 15.7% {{increase}} |- | 11 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Massachusetts|size=23px}} | 5,737,037 | 5,689,170 | 47,867 {{increase}} | 0.8% {{increase}} |- | 12 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Indiana|size=23px}} | 5,490,224 | 5,193,669 | 296,555 {{increase}} | 5.7% {{increase}} |- | 13 | style="text-align: left;" |{{flag|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia|1956|size=23px}} | 5,463,105 | 4,589,575 | 873,530 {{increase}} | 19.0% {{increase}} |- | 14 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Virginia|size=23px}} | 5,346,818 | 4,668,494 | 678,324 {{increase}} | 15.0% {{increase}} |- | 15 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Missouri|size=23px}} | 4,916,686 | 4,676,501 | 240,185 {{increase}} | 8.3% {{increase}} |- | 16 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Wisconsin|1913|size=23px}} | 4,705,767 | 4,417,731 | 288,036 {{increase}} | 6.5% {{increase}} |- | 17 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Tennessee|size=23px}} | 4,591,120 | 3,923,687 | 667,443 {{increase}} | 17.0% {{increase}} |- | 18 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Maryland|size=23px}} | 4,216,975 | 3,922,399 | 294,576 {{increase}} | 7.5% {{increase}} |- | 19 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Louisiana|1912|size=23px}} | 4,205,900 | 3,641,306 | 564,594 {{increase}} | 15.5% {{increase}} |- | 20 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Washington|size=23px}} | 4,132,156 | 3,409,169 | 722,987 {{increase}} | 21.2% {{increase}} |- | 21 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Minnesota|1957|size=23px}} | 4,075,970 | 3,804,971 | 270,999 {{increase}} | 7.1% {{increase}} |- | 22 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Alabama|size=23px}} | 3,893,888 | 3,444,165 | 449,723 {{increase}} | 13.1% {{increase}} |- | 23 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Kentucky|size=23px}} | 3,660,777 | 3,218,706 | 442,071 {{increase}} | 13.7% {{increase}} |- | 24 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|South Carolina|size=23px}} | 3,121,820 | 2,590,516 | 531,304 {{increase}} | 20.5% {{increase}} |- | 25 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Connecticut|size=23px}} | 3,107,576 | 3,031,709 | 75,867 {{increase}} | 2.5% {{increase}} |- | 26 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Oklahoma|1941|size=23px}} | 3,025,290 | 2,559,229 | 466,061 {{increase}} | 18.2% {{increase}} |- | 27 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Iowa|size=23px}} | 2,913,808 | 2,824,376 | 89,432 {{increase}} | 3.2% {{increase}} |- | 28 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Colorado|size=23px}} | 2,889,964 | 2,207,259 | 682,705 {{increase}} | 30.9% {{increase}} |- | 29 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Arizona|size=23px}} | 2,718,215 | 1,745,944 | 972,271 {{increase}} | 55.7% {{increase}} |- | 30 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Oregon|size=23px}} | 2,633,105 | 2,091,533 | 541,572 {{increase}} | 25.9% {{increase}} |- | 31 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Mississippi|1894|size=23px}} | 2,520,638 | 2,216,192 | 304,446 {{increase}} | 13.7% {{increase}} |- | 32 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Kansas|size=23px}} | 2,363,679 | 2,246,578 | 117,101 {{increase}} | 5.2% {{increase}} |- | 33 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Arkansas|1924|size=23px}} | 2,286,435 | 1,923,295 | 363,140 {{increase}} | 18.9% {{increase}} |- | 34 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|West Virginia|size=23px}} | 1,949,644 | 1,744,237 | 205,407 {{increase}} | 11.8% {{increase}} |- | 35 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Nebraska|size=23px}} | 1,569,825 | 1,483,493 | 86,332 {{increase}} | 5.8% {{increase}} |- | 36 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Utah|1922|size=23px}} | 1,461,037 | 1,059,273 | 401,764 {{increase}} | 37.9% {{increase}} |- | 37 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|New Mexico|size=23px}} | 1,302,894 | 1,017,055 | 285,839 {{increase}} | 28.1% {{increase}} |- | 38 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Maine|size=23px}} | 1,124,660 | 992,048 | 132,612 {{increase}} | 13.4% {{increase}} |- | 39 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Hawaii|size=23px}} | 964,691 | 769,913 | 194,778 {{increase}} | 25.3% {{increase}} |- | 40 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Rhode Island|size=23px}} | 947,154 | 946,725 | 429 {{increase}} | 0.0% {{increase}} |- | 41 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Idaho|size=23px}} | 943,935 | 712,567 | 231,368 {{increase}} | 32.5% {{increase}} |- | 42 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|New Hampshire|size=23px}} | 920,610 | 737,681 | 182,929 {{increase}} | 24.8% {{increase}} |- | 43 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Nevada|1929|size=23px}} | 800,493 | 488,738 | 311,755 {{increase}} | 63.8% {{increase}} |- | 44 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Montana|1905|size=23px}} | 786,690 | 694,409 | 92,281 {{increase}} | 13.3% {{increase}} |- | 45 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|South Dakota|1963|size=23px}} | 690,768 | 665,507 | 25,261 {{increase}} | 3.8% {{increase}} |- | 46 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|North Dakota|size=23px}} | 652,717 | 617,761 | 34,956 {{increase}} | 5.7% {{increase}} |- | — | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Washington, D.C.|name=District of Columbia|1938|size=23px}} | 638,333 | 756,510 | –118,177 {{decrease}} | –15.6% {{decrease}} |- | 47 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Delaware|size=23px}} | 594,338 | 548,104 | 46,234 {{increase}} | 8.4% {{increase}} |- | 48 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Vermont|size=23px}} | 511,456 | 444,330 | 67,126 {{increase}} | 15.1% {{increase}} |- | 49 | style="text-align: left;" |{{Flag|Wyoming|size=23px}} | 469,557 | 332,416 | 137,141 {{increase}} | 41.3% {{increase}} |- | 50 | style="text-align: left;" | {{Flag|Alaska|size=23px}} | 401,851 | 300,382 | 101,469 {{increase}} | 33.8% {{increase}} |} Between the 1980 census and the 1990 census, the United States population increased by approximately 22,164,837 or 9.8%.
==City population rankings==
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Rank !! City !! State !! Population<ref name=census1998>{{citation |title=Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 |year=1998 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.html |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref> !! Region (2016)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/econ/census/help/geography/regions_and_divisions.html |title=Regions and Divisions |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=September 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203020637/http://www.census.gov/econ/census/help/geography/regions_and_divisions.html |archive-date=December 3, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 01 || New York || New York || 7,071,639 || Northeast |- | 02 || Chicago || Illinois || 3,005,072 || Midwest |- | 03 || Los Angeles || California || 2,966,850 || West |- | 04 || Philadelphia || Pennsylvania || 1,688,210 || Northeast |- | 05 || Houston || Texas || 1,595,138 || South |- | 06 || Detroit || Michigan || 1,203,339 || Midwest |- | 07 || Dallas || Texas || 904,078 || South |- | 08 || San Diego || California || 875,538 || West |- | 09 || Phoenix || Arizona || 789,704 || West |- | 10 || Baltimore || Maryland || 786,775 || South |- | 11 || San Antonio || Texas || 785,880 || South |- | 12 || Indianapolis || Indiana || 700,807 || Midwest |- | 13 || San Francisco || California || 678,974 || West |- | 14 || Memphis || Tennessee || 646,356 || South |- | 15 || Washington || District of Columbia || 638,333 || South |- | 16 || Milwaukee || Wisconsin || 636,212 || Midwest |- | 17 || San Jose || California || 629,442 || West |- | 18 || Cleveland || Ohio || 573,822 || Midwest |- | 19 || Columbus || Ohio || 564,871 || Midwest |- | 20 || Boston || Massachusetts || 562,994 || Northeast |- | 21 || New Orleans || Louisiana || 557,515 || South |- | 22 || Jacksonville || Florida || 540,920 || South |- | 23 || Seattle || Washington || 493,846 || West |- | 24 || Denver || Colorado || 492,365 || West |- | 25 || Nashville-Davidson || Tennessee || 455,651 || South |- | 26 || St. Louis || Missouri || 453,085 || Midwest |- | 27 || Kansas City || Missouri || 448,159 || Midwest |- | 28 || El Paso || Texas || 425,259 || South |- | 29 || Atlanta || Georgia || 425,022 || South |- | 30 || Pittsburgh || Pennsylvania || 423,938 || Northeast |- | 31 || Oklahoma City || Oklahoma || 403,213 || South |- | 32 || Cincinnati || Ohio || 385,457 || Midwest |- | 33 || Fort Worth || Texas || 385,164 || South |- | 34 || Minneapolis || Minnesota || 370,951 || Midwest |- | 35 || Portland || Oregon || 366,383 || West |- | 36 || Honolulu || Hawaii || 365,048 || West |- | 37 || Long Beach || California || 361,334 || West |- | 38 || Tulsa || Oklahoma || 360,919 || South |- | 39 || Buffalo || New York || 357,870 || Northeast |- | 40 || Toledo || Ohio || 354,635 || Midwest |- | 41 || Miami || Florida || 346,865 || South |- | 42 || Austin || Texas || 345,496 || South |- | 43 || Oakland || California || 339,337 || West |- | 44 || Albuquerque || New Mexico || 331,767 || West |- | 45 || Tucson || Arizona || 330,537 || West |- | 46 || Newark || New Jersey || 329,248 || Northeast |- | 47 || Charlotte || North Carolina || 314,447 || South |- | 48 || Omaha || Nebraska || 314,255 || Midwest |- | 49 || Louisville || Kentucky || 298,451 || South |- | 50 || Birmingham || Alabama || 284,413 || South |- | 51 || Wichita || Kansas || 279,272 || Midwest |- | 52 || Sacramento || California || 275,741 || West |- | 53 || Tampa || Florida || 271,523 || South |- | 54 || Saint Paul || Minnesota || 270,230 || Midwest |- | 55 || Norfolk || Virginia || 266,979 || South |- | 56 || Virginia Beach || Virginia || 262,199 || South |- | 57 || Rochester || New York || 241,741 || Northeast |- | 58 || St. Petersburg || Florida || 238,647 || South |- | 59 || Akron || Ohio || 237,177 || Midwest |- | 60 || Corpus Christi || Texas || 231,999 || South |- | 61 || Jersey City || New Jersey || 223,532 || Northeast |- | 62 || Baton Rouge || Louisiana || 219,419 || South |- | 63 || Anaheim || California || 219,311 || West |- | 64 || Richmond || Virginia || 219,214 || South |- | 65 || Fresno || California || 217,491 || West |- | 66 || Colorado Springs || Colorado || 215,150 || West |- | 67 || Shreveport || Louisiana || 205,820 || South |- | 68 || Lexington-Fayette || Kentucky || 204,165 || South |- | 69 || Santa Ana || California || 203,713 || West |- | 70 || Dayton || Ohio || 203,371 || Midwest |- | 71 || Jackson || Mississippi || 202,895 || South |- | 72 || Mobile || Alabama || 200,452 || South |- | 73 || Yonkers || New York || 195,351 || Northeast |- | 74 || Des Moines || Iowa || 191,003 || Midwest |- | 75 || Grand Rapids || Michigan || 181,843 || Midwest |- | 76 || Montgomery || Alabama || 177,857 || South |- | 77 || Knoxville || Tennessee || 175,030 || South |- | 78 || Anchorage || Alaska || 174,431 || West |- | 79 || Lubbock || Texas || 173,979 || South |- | 80 || Fort Wayne || Indiana || 172,196 || Midwest |- | 81 || Lincoln || Nebraska || 171,932 || Midwest |- | 82 || Spokane || Washington || 171,300 || West |- | 83 || Riverside || California || 170,876 || West |- | 84 || Madison || Wisconsin || 170,616 || Midwest |- | 85 || Huntington Beach || California || 170,505 || West |- | 86 || Syracuse || New York || 170,105 || Northeast |- | 87 || Chattanooga || Tennessee || 169,565 || South |- | 88 || Columbus || Georgia || 169,441 || South |- | 89 || Las Vegas || Nevada || 164,674 || West |- | 90 || Metairie || Louisiana || 164,160 || South |- | 91 || Salt Lake City || Utah || 163,033 || West |- | 92 || Worcester || Massachusetts || 161,799 || Northeast |- | 93 || Warren || Michigan || 161,134 || Midwest |- | 94 || Kansas City || Kansas || 161,087 || Midwest |- | 95 || Arlington || Texas || 160,113 || South |- | 96 || Flint || Michigan || 159,611 || Midwest |- | 97 || Aurora || Colorado || 158,588 || West |- | 98 || Tacoma || Washington || 158,501 || West |- | 99 || Little Rock || Arkansas || 158,461 || South |- | 100 || Providence || Rhode Island || 156,804 || Northeast |}
==Locations of 50 most populous cities== <div style="overflow:auto;"> {{United States Cities Labeled Map 1980 Large}} </div> {{clear}}
== Politics == {{Main|1980 United States redistricting cycle}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html Historic US Census data] *[http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1981-02.pdf 1981 U.S Census Report] Contains 1980 census results
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