{{Short description|1978 international leader meeting in West Germany}} {{Infobox summit | summit_name = 4th G7 summit | image = Palais Schaumburg.JPG | caption = Schaumburg Palace in Bonn | country = West Germany | dates = 16–17 July 1978 | follows = 3rd G7 summit | precedes = 5th G7 summit |participants={{unbulleted list| |Pierre Trudeau (Canada) |Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (France) |'''Helmut Schmidt''' (West Germany) <small>(host)</small> |Giulio Andreotti (Italy) |Takeo Fukuda (Japan) |James Callaghan (United Kingdom) |Jimmy Carter (United States) |Roy Jenkins (European Commission) |Helmut Schmidt (European Council) }}}}
The '''4th G7 Summit''' was held at Bonn, West Germany between 16 and 17 July 1978. The venue for the summit meeting was at the former official residence of the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany in Bonn, the ''Palais Schaumburg.''<ref name="j-mofa1">Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit Meetings in the Past.]</ref> The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976),<ref name="saunders1">Saunders, Doug. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011063004/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists |date=2008-10-11 }} ''Globe and Mail'' (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the Group of Eight (G7) with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997.</ref> and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).<ref name="reuters_what">Reuters: [https://web.archive.org/web/20081023185037/http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKB26280520080703?sp=true "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?"], July 3, 2008.</ref> The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.<ref name="reinalda205">Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC&dq=G7+summit&pg=PA205 ''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations,'' p. 205.]</ref>
==Leaders at the summit== [[File:G7 leaders 1978.jpg|right|thumb|Five of the G7 leaders at the 4th G7 Summit. From left to right: Giulio Andreotti, Takeo Fukuda, Jimmy Carter, Helmut Schmidt, and Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.<ref name="reuters_what"/>
The 4th G7 summit was the last summit for British Prime Minister James Callaghan and Japanese Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda.
===Participants=== These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:<ref>Rieffel, Lex. [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV),"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603074840/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx |date=June 3, 2010 }} Brookings. March 27, 2009; [http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site).] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603074840/http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ |date=June 3, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="j-mofa1"/><ref name="eu">MOFA: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit (8)]; European Union: [http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php "EU and the G8"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226165606/http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php |date=February 26, 2007 }}</ref> <!-- NOTE: format order = C•F•G•I•J•UK•USA + EU
The format order of this section mirrors the order of the Muskoka 2010 G8 official website -- see http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/
This format order is also congruent with "Summit Meetings of the Past" at website of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs -- see http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html
*{{flagicon|Canada}} *{{flagicon|France|1974}} *{{flagicon|Germany}} *{{flagicon|Italy}} *{{flagicon|Japan|1947}} *{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} *{{flagicon|USA}} + *{{flag|European Union}}
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{| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background:Gainsboro" |'''Core G7 members'''<br><small>Host state and leader are shown in bold text.</small> |- style="background:LightSteelBlue; text-align:center;" ! colspan=2 | Member
! Represented by ! Title |- ! {{flagicon|CAN}} | Canada | Pierre Trudeau | Prime Minister |- ! {{flagicon|FRA|1974}} | France | Valéry Giscard d'Estaing | President |- ! {{flagicon|West Germany}} | '''West Germany''' | '''Helmut Schmidt''' | '''Chancellor''' |- ! {{flagicon|Italy}} | Italy | Giulio Andreotti | Prime Minister |- ! {{flagicon|Japan|1947}} | Japan | Takeo Fukuda | Prime Minister |- ! {{flagicon|UK}} | United Kingdom | James Callaghan | Prime Minister |- ! {{flagicon|US}} | United States | Jimmy Carter | President |- ! rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|European Union}} | rowspan="2" | European Community | Roy Jenkins | Commission President |- | Helmut Schmidt | Council President |}
==Issues== The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.<ref name="reinalda205"/> This was the first summit where rather than simply issuing joint statements, participants committed themselves to policy decisions.
==Gallery of participating leaders== ===Core G7 participants=== <gallery class="center" widths="90"> File:Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau 1975 (UPI press photo) (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|Canada}} '''Canada'''<br />Pierre Trudeau,<br />Prime Minister File:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1975).jpg|{{flagicon|France|1974}} '''France'''<br />Valéry Giscard d'Estaing,<br />President File:Helmut Schmidt (13.07.1977).jpg|{{flagicon|Germany}} '''Germany'''<br />Helmut Schmidt,<br /> Chancellor (Host) File:Giulio Andreotti, ca 1979.jpg|{{flagicon|Italy}} '''Italy'''<br />Giulio Andreotti,<br />Prime Minister File:Takeo Fukuda 19761224.jpg|{{flagicon|Japan|1947}} '''Japan'''<br />Takeo Fukuda,<br />Prime Minister File:James Callaghan ppmsca.53218 (cropped).tif|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''United Kingdom'''<br />James Callaghan,<br />Prime Minister File:Jimmy Carter presidential portrait (cropped 1).jpg|{{flagicon|United States}} '''United States'''<br />Jimmy Carter,<br />President </gallery> <gallery class="center" widths="90"> File:Roy Jenkins 1977 (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|EU}} '''European Union'''<br />Roy Jenkins, Commission President </gallery>
==See also== * G8
==Notes== {{reflist|2}}
==References== * Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BqkEAQAAIAAJ&q=G7+summit ''Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal.''] Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-7546-1185-1}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/43186692 OCLC 43186692] * Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC ''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations.''] London: Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0-415-16486-3}}; {{ISBN|978-0-203-45085-7}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39013643 OCLC 39013643]
==External links== * No official website is created for any G7 summit prior to 1995 -- ''see'' the 21st G7 summit. * University of Toronto: G8 Research Group, [http://www.g8.utoronto.ca G8 Information Centre] ** [http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/summit/1978bonn/index.html G7 1978, delegations & documents]
{{G8 summits}} {{Presidency of Jimmy Carter}}
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